Fixes for the Nogai Horde

[Omogoy]

At the moment I am reading about the history of Nogai. So, the first conclusions. Nogai in 1444 were not independent, they were not a khanate. Khan (emperor) can only be a Genghisid. The founder of the Nogai Horde, Edige, had the title of beklerbek (or biy or bey) (corresponding to the prime Minister). Beklerbek corresponds to the title of amil al umara, that is, emir of emirs. Nogais cannot get the title of khan by any real achievements.
The missions of the Nogai Horde should be different from the missions of the khanates. No subordination to Ryazan. Nogai solved this issue with puppet khans. The missions of the Nogai Horde should be the subjugation of the khanates of the Genghisids through dummy khans, Genghisids.
Neighboring states, the Crimean Khanate, the Kazakh Horde, and after some time Muscovy refuse to consider them equal to themselves, which is fraught with future conflicts.

Rename the Ryn province into Saray Juk, the capital of the Nogai Horde, Astrakhan, rename into Khadzhi-Tarkhan.
The Volga River should be crossable for a large army only in 3 places: 1) near the present city of Volgograd, 2) near the present city of Saratov, 3) near the present city of Samara.

Waqqas bin Nur-ad-Din was the beklerbek of Sheibanid Abul-Khair since 1428. Kadyr Alibek reports on their friendship: “They drank from the same bowl - one from one side, the other from the other; at the same time were one khan, the other bek".
Rumor has reached Europe about the reputation of the Mangyt biy as "an outstanding servant and warrior of the great Khan" (Mekhovsky 1936, p. 92, 171). Muslim chroniclers considered the main merit of Waqqas to be that he "twice won the throne of Sain Khan" for his patron, i.e. Batu, the factual founder of the Jochi Ulus, after which the khutba was read with the name of Abu'l-Khair, a coin was minted and his person "adorned the throne of Sain Khan" (Binai 1969, p. 67; Kuhistani 1969, p. 155). Apparently, this refers to the participation of Vakkas in the occupation of Ordu Bazaar, the former nomadic headquarters of Batu, and in the defeat of Abu'l-Khair's rivals, the khans Ahmed and Mahmud. Beklerbek was the head of the armed forces of the Khanate and participated in all major campaigns of the 1430s - early 1440s. As a reward for his devotion , the city of Uzgend on the left bank of the Syr Darya was granted to Waqqas.

 

[Omogoy]

Mangyts did not enjoy any advantages over other ales at first. Boplan wrote about the Crimean nogai: "This tribe is less noble than the Crimean Tatars" (Boplan 1896, p. 329). The insufficiency of their genealogical
"nobility" was also recorded on the other side of Desht-i Kipchak — for example, in the Kyrgyz epic "Manas" it says: "Having become neighbors with the manguls, the Nogai clan became despicable" (Kydyrbaeva 1980, p. 176). Said-Mohammed Riza, noting the origin of Edige from the "bad generation" (Kabyle), cites another reason for the negative attitude towards the Mangyts: "Because of the violent actions of the Mankut tribe, the name of Idiku was ranked among the instigators of troubles and sources of disasters" (Riza 1832, pp. 67-68).

Justification of the usurpation.
However, among the Kazakhs, the descendants of Edige were known as the "white bone" (ak suyak), i.e. the aristocracy. The nobility of the family at that time was determined by its proximity to the Genghisid dynasty. Since the Edige clan had nothing to do with it, then the explanation should have been different. In the latter case, the phrase ak suyak was explained literally: the ancestor of Edige Baba-Tukles was born to a woman who became pregnant because she had a powder made from a magic skull (Valikhanov 1904a, p. 232; Valikhanov 19046, p. 272-273).
The origin of the family from the holy preacher Khoja Ahmed Baba-Tukles served as a justification for the power of the Mangyt-Nogai biys (this is how Beks and Beklerbeks were called in eastern Desht-i Kipchak). Tradition attributes the formulation of this legitimacy to Nur ad-Din. When he killed Tokhtamysh and began to rule his subjects, they began to gossip: the rest of the khan was a descendant of Genghis Khan, and Nur ad-Din "is not from this tribe." The new ruler responded as follows: "From birth I believed and revered the one God; God himself patronized me everywhere; I read many of our sacred books. And the fact that I am not from the Genghis Khan family does not humiliate me at all, because I am from the tribe of the glorious Turkish hero Khochakhmat Babatuk-la." The people, after listening to this speech, calmed down (Ananyev 1900, p. 12).
Baba-Tukles was considered a descendant of the Caliph Abu Bakr, and in the Muslim society of the Golden Horde of the XV century. Such a justification for the rule, apparently, was still sufficient. In the Nogai Horde, this concept became official, and the Mirzas considered their pedigrees from the era of Muhammad and the first caliphs. "The painting of murzam nogaiskim, skolko in Small Nogai murz", compiled in August 1638, reads: "And our family according to the current [7]146th (i.e. 1637/38 - V.T.) year is exactly one thousand forty—seven years" (NG, d. 32, l. 16). Hence, the beginning of the genus was counted from 591.

 

[Omogoy]

Nogai monuments: Edige's grave. Mount Idigetau in the Ulutau Range (Central Kazakhstan), where, according to legend, the famous ruler was buried, was crowned with an obo (stone embankment), prayers and sacrifices were made there in his honor (Valikhanov 1961d, p. 121; Zhirmunsky 1974, p. 374; Margulan 1940, p. 97; Potanin 1897, p. 314). At first he was revered as a model of wisdom and piety, his sayings were quoted on a par with classical poems (see; Utemish-Khadzhi 1992, p. 99).

The heroic epic of the Turkic peoples. Shedzhere. The Turkic peoples of the Volga region, Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and the North Caucasus have the so—called Nogai epic cycle - a set of legends (dastans) about heroes. Their heroes are united by the common name "forty heroes", therefore, these legends once numbered, obviously, several dozen, but by now they are much less known. The Nogai cycle was studied by V.M.Zhirmunsky and A.I.-M.Sikaliev (Zhirmunsky 1974; Sikaliev 1994). Its starting point was undoubtedly the dastan about Ediga, the ancestor of the Nogai aristocracy. Edige himself lived in the second half of the XIV — beginning of the XV century, i.e. in the era of the Golden Horde, when there were neither the Nogais themselves nor their nomadic empire. Dastan tells about the birth, childhood and youth of the hero, his struggle with the Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamysh. Edige's son, Nur ad-Din (Nu-radil, Muradim, etc.), who was not awarded a "personal" dastan, also acts here. It is also unknown that Nogais, Kazakhs and other inhabitants of the Eurasian steppes composed legends about the next generation of descendants of Edige - Vakkas b. Nur ad—Din, Timur b. Mansur, et