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Amric

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EUtopian Society for the Environment(ESE)

You’ve just entered the offices of the EUtopian Society for the Environment. We are a non profit organization dedicated to protecting and preserving the environment. Unlike some radical environmental groups we will not be spiking trees and other forms of environmental terrorism. Violence and destruction are not the answer to the problems, but rational thought and discussion with the government to implement sound environmental policies. Peaceful non violent protest is the name of the game as well.

We will have brochures about many of the different kinds of pollution and environmental issues. Volunteers are always welcome, and everyone is encouraged to be active about the environment. I highly recommend writing to your representative about the Air Pollution in our cities, especially EUtopia City.

There will be more updates, and brochures as time goes on. Take one, or if you like take a few. Feel free to volunteer!

Brochures:

Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Recycling: Is it for You?
Environmental impact of Logging
Clean Coal Technology
Dirty Water: Pollution still persists!
The Impact of Industrial Economies
The Hazards of Lead
Ecotourism: Keeping the customer happy while protecting the Environment
The Impact of Fish Trawling
Atmospheric Ozone Depletion
The Crisis in Freshwater Biodiversity
Geothermal: A clean renewable resource
Sustainable Environmental Tourism
Wind Power is clean affordable and sustainable
Do We Have Enough Water?
Recycling Tips
Commonly Recycled Materials
Tips for Water Conservation
Tips for Energy Conservation
What Happens to my Recycling?
Post Harvest Food Losses
Solar Power: A Green Solution
Hydroelectricity: A Renewable Resource?
Tidal Power: Is it a viable choice?





Membership and Supporters:

Chairman: Amric Al'Aeshir
Director of Waste Management: Hugh Bartlett
Member: Vasco I_Killed_Kenny
Member: Sebastian Fitzpatrick
Member: Dr. John Liep
Supporter: Judas Maccabeus
Supporter: John O'Floinn
 
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Amric

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Air Pollution Brochure

Air Pollution is something that affects all of us. Some people are more susceptible to the effects of this than others. But all of us are breathing in more than you’d think, and it will affect the health of everyone. Here is a few things that you might wish to know.

Ozone, or smog, is a highly reactive gas that is a form of oxygen. It results from the action of sunlight on hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted in fuel combustion. Ozone reacts chemically with internal body tissues that it comes in contact with, such as those in the lung. Smog can cause both short-term and long-term health effects, even in healthy adults, including shortness of breath, chest pain when inhaling deeply, and wheezing and coughing. In the long term, repeated exposure to ozone may lead to large reductions in lung function, inflammation of the lung lining, and increased respiratory discomfort.
Here are some things you can do to help alleviate smog:

•Do not use your lawnmower or outdoor grille when smog levels are high.
•Fill up your gas tank after sundown.
•Limit trips in your car; carpool and combine trips whenever possible.
•Limit use of outdoor power equipment when smog levels are high.
•Support strong pollution control laws

Black carbon pollution is the release of tiny particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Air pollution caused by such particulates has been a major problem since the beginning of the industrial revolution and the development of the internal combustion engine . Scientific publications dealing with the analysis of soot and smoke date back as early as 1896. Mankind has become so dependent on the burning of fossil fuels (petroleum products, coal, and natural gas) that the sum total of all combustion-related emissions now constitutes a serious and widespread problem, not only to human health, but also to the entire global environment.

Fine particle air pollution, or soot, kills tens of thousands of Americans each year and sickens millions more. Today we have the latest independent confirmation of that deadly consequence in a report released by the Health Effects Institute, a research institution funded jointly by government and industry. With this report, even the polluters must admit that the danger is real. Now we must urgently resume the task of getting this dangerous substance out of the air to protect the lives of our citizens. Since EUtopia has no such studies to go from, I have taken such information from US sources to help emphasize the problem.

Increases in particulate air pollution can increase daily deaths and hospitalizations. For most of the studies, the reanalysis resulted in only minor changes to the original results.

Furthermore, there was never a question that the long-term studies of the effect of air pollution on human health were valid. Risk estimates drawn from studies calculate that the lives of tens of thousands of Americans are cut short each year due to fine particle air pollution.

This is again something that very well is happening in EUtopia. But there are no studies to draw from here. So again I use information from the US to make an important point. We must pass strong environmental laws that will help protect our environment and ourselves.
 
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Amric

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Water Pollution Brochure

Comprising over 70% of the Earth’s surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although we as humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate.

In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.

According to the American College Dictionary, pollution is defined as: “to make foul or unclean; dirty.” Water pollution occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water. When it is unfit for its intended use, water is considered polluted.

Two types of water pollutants exist; point source and nonpoint source. Point sources of pollution occur when harmful substances are emitted directly into a body of water. The Exxon Valdez oil spill best illustrates a point source water pollution. A nonpoint source delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes. An example of this type of water pollution is when fertilizer from a field is carried into a stream by rain, in the form of run-off which in turn effects aquatic life. The technology exists for point sources of pollution to be monitored and regulated, although political factors may complicate matters.

Nonpoint sources are much more difficult to control. Pollution arising from nonpoint sources accounts for a majority of the contaminants in streams and lakes.

Many causes of pollution including sewage and fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. In excess levels, nutrients over stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Excessive growth of these types of organisms consequently clogs our waterways, use up dissolved oxygen as they decompose, and block light to deeper waters. This, in turn, proves very harmful to aquatic organisms as it affects the respiration ability or fish and other invertebrates that reside in water.

Pollution is also caused when silt and other suspended solids, such as soil, washoff plowed fields, construction and logging sites, urban areas, and eroded river banks when it rains. Under natural conditions, lakes, rivers, and other water bodies undergo Eutrophication, an aging process that slowly fills in the water body with sediment and organic matter. When these sediments enter various bodies of water, fish respirationbecomes impaired, plant productivity and water depth become reduced, and aquatic organisms and their environments become suffocated. Pollution in the form of organic material enters waterways in many different forms as sewage, as leaves and grass clippings, or as runoff from livestock feedlots and pastures. When natural bacteria and protozoan in the water break down this organic material, they begin to use up the oxygen dissolved in the water.

Many types of fish and bottom-dwelling animals cannot survive when levels of dissolved oxygen drop below two to five parts per million. When this occurs, it kills aquatic organisms in large numbers which leads to disruptions in the food chain.
Pathogens are another type of pollution that prove very harmful. They can cause many illnesses that range from typhoid and dysentery to minor respiratory and skin diseases. Pathogens include such organisms as bacteria, viruses, and protozoan. These pollutants enter waterways through untreated sewage, storm drains, septic tanks, runoff from farms, and particularly boats that dump sewage. Though microscopic, these pollutants have a tremendous effect evidenced by their ability to cause sickness.

Three last forms of water pollution exist in the forms of petroleum, radioactive substances, and heat. Petroleum often pollutes waterbodies in the form of oil, resulting from oil spills. The previously mentioned Exxon Valdez is an example of this type of water pollution. These large-scale accidental discharges of petroleum are an important cause of pollution along shore lines. Besides the supertankers, off-shore drilling operations contribute a large share of pollution.

One estimate is that one ton of oil is spilled for every million tons of oil transported. This is equal to about 0.0001 percent. Radioactive substances are produced in the form of waste from nuclear power plants, and from the industrial, medical, and scientific use of radioactive materials. Specific forms of waste are uranium and thorium mining and refining. The last form of water pollution is heat. Heat is a pollutant because increased temperatures result in the deaths of many aquatic organisms. These decreases in temperatures are caused when a discharge of cooling water by factories and power plants occurs.

The major sources of water pollution can be classified as municipal, industrial, and agricultural. Municipal water pollution consists of waste water from homes and commercial establishments. For many years, the main goal of treating municipal wastewater was simply to reduce its content of suspended solids, oxygen-demanding materials, dissolved inorganic compounds, and harmful bacteria.

The basic methods of treating municipal wastewater fall into three stages: primary treatment, including grit removal, screening, grinding, and sedimentation; secondary treatment, which entails oxidation of dissolved organic matter by means of using biologically active sludge, which is then filtered off; and tertiary treatment, in which advanced biological methods of nitrogen removal and chemical and physical methods such as granular filtration and activated carbon absorption are employed.

The handling and disposal of solid residues can account for 25 to 50 percent of the capital and operational costs of a treatment plant. The characteristics of industrial waste waters can differ considerably both within and among industries. The impact of industrial discharges depends not only on their collective characteristics, such as biochemical oxygen demand and the amount of suspended solids, but also on their content of specific inorganic and organic substances.

Three options are available in controlling industrial wastewater. Control can take place at the point of generation in the plant; wastewater can be pretreated for discharge to municipal treatment sources; or wastewater can be treated completely at the plant and either reused or discharged directly into receiving waters.

Raw sewage includes waste from sinks, toilets, and industrial processes. Treatment of the sewage is required before it can be safely buried, used, or released back into local water systems. In a treatment plant, the waste is passed through a series of screens, chambers, and chemical processes to reduce its bulk and toxicity. The three general phases of treatment are primary, secondary, and tertiary. During primary treatment, a large percentage of the suspended solids and inorganic material is removed from the sewage. The focus of secondary treatment is reducing organic material by accelerating natural biological processes. Tertiary treatment is necessary when the water will be reused; 99 percent of solids are removed and various chemical processes are used to ensure the water is as free from impurity as possible.

Agriculture, including commercial livestock and poultry farming, is the source of many organic and inorganic pollutants in surface waters and groundwater. These contaminants include both sediment from erosion cropland and compounds of
phosphorus and nitrogen that partly originate in animal wastes and commercial fertilizers. Animal wastes are high in oxygen demanding material, nitrogen and phosphorus, and they often harbor pathogenic organisms. Wastes from commercial
feeders are contained and disposed of on land; their main threat to natural waters, therefore, is from runoff and leaching. Control may involve settling basins for liquids, limited biological treatment in aerobic or anaerobic lagoons, and a variety of other methods.
Ninety-five percent of all fresh water on earth is ground water.

Ground water is found in natural rock formations. These formations, called aquifers, are a vital natural resource with many uses. Nationally, 53% of the population relies on ground water as a source of drinking water. In rural areas this figure is even higher. Eighty one percent of community water is dependent on ground water. Although the 1992 Section 305(b) State Water Quality Reports indicate that, overall, the Nation’s ground water quality is good to excellent, many local areas have experienced significant ground water contamination. Some examples are leaking underground storage tanks and municipal landfills.

Estimates suggest that nearly 1.5 billion people globally lack safe drinking water and that at least 5 million deaths per year can be attributed to waterborne diseases. With over 70 percent of the planet covered by oceans, people have long acted as if these very bodies of water could serve as a limitless dumping ground for wastes. Raw sewage, garbage, and oil spills have begun to overwhelm the diluting capabilities of the oceans, and most coastal waters are now polluted. Beaches around the world are closed regularly, often because of high amounts of bacteria from sewage disposal, and marine wildlife is beginning to suffer.

Clearly, the problems associated with water pollution have the capabilities to disrupt life in EUtopia to a great extent. But the government alone cannot solve the entire problem. It is ultimately up to us, to be informed, responsible and involved when it comes to the problems we face with our water. We must become familiar with our local water resources and learn about ways for disposing harmful household wastes so they don’t end up in sewage treatment plants that can’t handle them or landfills not designed to receive hazardous materials. In our yards, we must determine whether additional nutrients are needed before fertilizers are applied, and look for alternatives where fertilizers might run off into surface waters. We have to preserve existing trees and plant new trees and shrubs to help prevent soil erosion and promote infiltration of water into the soil. Around our houses, we must keep litter, pet waste, leaves, and grass clippings out of gutters and storm drains.

These are just a few of the many ways in which we, as humans, have the ability to combat water pollution. As we head into the 21st century, awareness and education will most assuredly continue to be the two most important ways to prevent water pollution. If these measures are not taken and water pollution continues, life on earth will suffer severely.

Environmental collapse is not inevitable. But we must all do our part and work together to solve the problems. The government can do it all alone. We have to help as well.
 
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Amric

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In what capacity would you like to serve?
 

hughbartlett

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Office of Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Negotiations-getting us heard and let them hear us.


If that isn't a position, I'd like something to do with disposal of waste, especially in water catchment zones and nuclear dumping.
 

Amric

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Originally posted by hughbartlett
Office of Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Negotiations-getting us heard and let them hear us.


If that isn't a position, I'd like something to do with disposal of waste, especially in water catchment zones and nuclear dumping.

Um, isn't the first one technically a lobbyist? And are there rules to being such when one is an MP? If you became an MP then wouldn't that be a conflict of interest?

In reality you are the only person who has expressed an interest in joining this organization. Don't have any hard and fast titles yet. Would you be interested in the position of Vice Chairman? That would give you the opportunity to keep your hand in whatever issues we are championing.
 

hughbartlett

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Originally posted by Amric
Um, isn't the first one technically a lobbyist? And are there rules to being such when one is an MP? If you became an MP then wouldn't that be a conflict of interest?

In reality you are the only person who has expressed an interest in joining this organization. Don't have any hard and fast titles yet. Would you be interested in the position of Vice Chairman? That would give you the opportunity to keep your hand in whatever issues we are championing.

That might be a bit too much of a workload, ut if noone else joins i will:)

I suppose you are right about the lobbyist part. Bugger. Then again, I may never be an MP again :(

I think waste disposal is my area then, and i'll also be happy to take on a slightly less significant role in the overall admin of the org. :)
 

unmerged(1522)

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Originally posted by Amric
And are there rules to being such when one is an MP?
[OOC: Nope, not at present. :)]
 

Amric

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Originally posted by hughbartlett
That might be a bit too much of a workload, ut if noone else joins i will:)

I suppose you are right about the lobbyist part. Bugger. Then again, I may never be an MP again :(

I think waste disposal is my area then, and i'll also be happy to take on a slightly less significant role in the overall admin of the org. :)

Okay, you can be in charge of waste disposal. Of all kinds, not only nuclear, chemical and biological, but regular as well<IE recycling, dumpsites, etc>[OOC: Waste disposal should cover all waste disposal issues. If we get enough members we might put people under you to look out for different types of waste disposal.]

I am going to be touring some logging and coal mining facilities next week with Mr. von Streusser[OOC:Tuesday]. It should give me an idea how things are in that area. Logging and coal mining are notorious for air, land, and water pollution. Mr. von Streusser assures me that since his company took over they are working on being more environmentally friendly.

I need to do some research first about the most environmentally friendly ways of doing such industries.

[OOC: Melanchthon, that is good to know, and kind of surprising.]

[OOC: I used to moderate an environmental forum on a local BBS about ten years ago. I'm pretty good at this sort of thing. This ought to be fun...for me, anyway:D And I finished my prelim research....
:) ]
 
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Amric

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Welcome to the organization, Vasco! I am most happy to see you here. Since you are not interested in a leadership position, what would you like to do?
 

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Environmental Impact of Logging Brochure

THE WELL-DOCUMENTED environmental impacts of logging are summarised below. Environmental impact assessments of logging operations clearly demonstrate that destructive logging practices using heavy machinery seriously reduce the forest's ability to carry out vital environmental and ecological functions.
Watershed Management and Soil Erosion
Forests provide a buffer to filter water and to hold soil in place. They sustain water and soil resources through recycling nutrients. In watersheds where forests are degraded or destroyed, minimum flows decrease during the dry season, leading to drought, while peak floods and soil erosion increase during the wet season.

Much of the current logging carried out in places is on steep lands dominated by surface materials that are highly susceptible to erosion when disturbed. This mainly originates from upstream soil erosion caused by the indiscriminate construction of logging roads and camps, skid trails and logging itself. Many blame the logging industry for 'accelerating erosion, weathering and humus decomposition, and leading to widespread formation of soils with low nutrient and absorptive capacities.

Local Climate Regulation
Beside the implications of large-scale logging for global warming, drastic changes in precipitation are direct and immediate when the forest cover is removed. Changes in transpiration result in a greater intensity of rainfall, enhancing both run-off and erosion, even if the total amount of rainfall remains unchanged. Forest loss can also make rainfall more erratic, thus lengthening dry periods.
Forest Fires
Most of the destructive forest fires that have recently raged out of control across the world, from the Amazon to Indonesia, are widely acknowledged to have been either started by and/or exacerbated by logging and agricultural development companies, such as the oil palm industry. One of the most detailed studies on the effects of fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia, concludes that the considerable decrease in foliage and related changes in the stand structure, increase of albedo, and horizontal and vertical air movements caused by fires, may produce significant and lasting effects on the regional climate.
Impacts on the Marine Environment
Unsustainable logging mobilizes debris that not only finds its way into the streams and rivers but also to the marine environment, where it damages mangroves and coral reefs, habitats crucial for aquatic life. In the Solomon Islands, the unique Marovo Lagoon, a proposed World Heritage Site, is threatened by the ecologically-destructive logging operations occurring in the surrounding forests. In Papua New Guinea, coral reefs have been destroyed to construct log ponds. Is this happening in EUtopia? Find out!
Loss of Biodiversity
Logging often destroys natural habitats, resulting in the loss of biodiversity and sometimes leading to the local, and possibly global, extinction of species. Although estimates of the rates of loss vary, few deny the reality of the current losses of both flora and fauna.
Logging causes immediate forest disturbances, long-term habitat changes (e.g. damage to food trees and salt-licks), increased hunting by timber company workers and availability of logging roads as hunting routes. The destruction of wildlife from habitat loss must be recognized to be on an enormous scale. The opening-up of the forest by logging facilitates the illegal hunting of wildlife, and is leading to a decline in wildlife populations. Deterioration in water quality has caused a decline in fish stocks and has affected aquatic biological diversity because indigenous animals and plant life are highly vulnerable to oxygen depletion, suspended particulate matter and a lack of light.
Even so called selective logging severely affects the complex and rich biodiversity of forests through excessive damage to residual stands, destruction of other plant and tree species and the creaming-off of species which are the most valuable for timber. An FAO study in Malaysia has shown that as much as 50% of the standing forest may be damaged and the surface soil destroyed when up to 30% of the ground surface is exposed. During silvicultural treatment in logging operations in Sarawak, so-called uneconomic forest species are deliberately poisoned. This reduces the complexity and species diversity of the tropical forests to only 10% of the original condition, resulting in the systematic elimination of tree genetic resources and contamination of the environment. According to the IUCN the most frequently recorded of all threats to globally endangered tree species is 'felling'. Is this still happening in EUtopia? Find out!
 
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unmerged(3748)

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The goals and especially the means to get there that your organisation promotes are very dear to me, and as such I apply for membership. I do not have the time to get deep into organisational matters, but do know that I will be doing all that is possible from a political point of view to ensure that environment becomes one of the top priorities for President O'Floinns government.

Sebastian Fitzpatrick
 

Amric

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Mr. Fitzpatrick I'm happy to offer you membership. Whatever you can do within the organization will be most appreciated.
 

Amric

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Hugh, since you still have some ties to those in power in the government, could you find out the waste situation in EUtopia? Just a general overview, we'll have to refine it once we have a handle on what we are dealing with. Thanks in advance.
 

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Did you know that there is Clean Coal Burning Technology?

Since 1986 the United States government and private industry have been working together to develop cleaner and more efficient ways to harness the energy in coal. This joint effort, known as the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program, includes several technologies, such as fluidized bed coal combustion, furnace sorbent injection, and advanced flue-gas desulfurization.

Fluidized bed coal combustion burns coal in a limestone bed that transfers heat to water, generating steam. This steam is pressurized and used to turn a turbine shaft, which subsequently drives an electric generator. The limestone absorbs sulfur dioxide emitted by the coal, thus reducing the amount of acid gases released during combustion.

A process called furnace sorbent injection removes acid gas from coal emissions at less cost than expensive scrubbers. A sorbent is a highly absorbent material, such as powdered limestone. It is injected into furnaces, where the powdered limestone reacts with the acid gases emitted by the burning coal. The used powder is siphoned away through the furnace outtake and is captured (with fly ash) in a baghouse or electrostatic precipitator.

A process called advanced flue-gas desulfurization also removes acid gas from burning coal without expensive scrubbers. Emissions from burning coal are piped into a container called an absorber, where the acid gases react with an absorbing solution (such as a mixture of lime, water, and oxygen). This reaction forms gypsum, a soft white mineral valuable as an ingredient in cement.

Being as this sounds like something that is really doable and cost effective as opposed to scrubbers and other old fashioned methods I think that this would be something the power industry would certainly want to take a look at and be desirous of implementing. It would improve the air quality of EUtopia greatly. Granted there are many other forms of Air Pollution that need to be addressed, but this is a start.
 
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Amric

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Environmental Opinion

[OOC: The view and opinion of this particular post is my own and the other members are not beholden to it unless they wish to be.]

I use a solar powered hydroelectric automobile.{OOC: My character, as I personally couldn't afford such a car} The solar panels are high tensile strength and the most efficient on the market. It charges the batteries of the car. The batteries are used to power the engine which uses water. Water you say? Yes, it burns the Hydrogen and emits Oxygen. Yes, Oxygen not carbon dioxide. The car can also be recharged using AC power(although it takes quite a while).

I propose that the buses in EUtopia City and the other cities be replaced with buses using this system. Granted they cost twice or three times as much to purchase than regular buses. BUT! You don't use gasoline, and you don't emit carbon dioxide which can add to the smog problems and air quality issues that plague this fair nation. Over the long run they are easier to maintain and far more environmentally friendly. Sunshine is free. Water is free. Gasoline is not. The price of gasoline is highly variable.

Eventually perhaps the mass transit trains could be put on the same system. At some point the price of these innovative vehicles will drop and the regular person will be able to afford such an automobile. It might be ten years for the family car to be like this, but mass transit is certainly possible.

I believe this will also help the smog and air quality issue. We would have cleaner air to breathe. Which is something we all should be eager to enjoy.
 

hughbartlett

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Originally posted by Amric
Hugh, since you still have some ties to those in power in the government, could you find out the waste situation in EUtopia? Just a general overview, we'll have to refine it once we have a handle on what we are dealing with. Thanks in advance.

I'll get onto it once the ministers have settled into their postions :)
 

Amric

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Thank you, Hugh. [OOC: What did you think of the latest stuff in here?]