Only Americas get Colonial regions, and only when the DLC is loaded (it's a DLC feature, not a Patch 1.4 feature.)
Colonies in Africa, Asia, Oceania will be as-per 1.3. No formal confirmation on tariffs, but my expectation is that they will also be as-per 1.3.
Devs have stated that "All the Colonial features of CoP apply to the Americas only."
I wonder if Colonial Regions could be modded in to places like India, so that East India Companies sort of have their autonomy next to princely states and the like. Indonesia could be similar, and Australia and New Zealand could have their own regions to make them sort of their own thing as well.