The fall of Kiev
Just as Montgomery’s forces had finished their destruction of the Polish pockets General Patton was already planning his next moves. Having played an important role in the closing of the Polish pocket Patton had been promised by Montgomery his own chance to move freely after the Polish pockets had been destroyed. Patton was always a general dreaming of great things and feeling that his army was the most mobile and the one most able to attack forward quickly Patton was only happy to be given a chance to prove himself. Eisenhower had been very reluctant to agree to Montgomery’s promise to Patton about giving Patton a chance to show off. Instead Eisenhower wanted to attack on a broad front slowing down the attacks to secure the flanks and attack on a broad front. Montgomery as supreme commander was the one who had the final say and sensing a good chance in the plan put before him by Patton Montgomery rejected Eisenhower’s wish and instead insisted on attacking where he felt the possibility for a breakthrough were at its best. This area proved to be the one right in front of Patton’s army, the road to Kiev.
The city of Kiev was to be the main goal for Patton’s offensive
Given the green light by Montgomery Patton at once started to get his army ready for the offensive. Wanting to start at once he felt that every day the soldiers needed to rest was a day wasted, but still Patton knew that his men need their rest if they were to be able to give him the great campaign and the great victories he wanted.
While Patton waited to the south the Allies continued moving forward. The French under General Gamelin were closing small pockets in the Bessarabia area, having managed to trap 4 divisions in Iasi Gamelin was determined not to give them a chance to break free and therefore the faster the forces were destroyed the better. On the early morning of the 2nd of July Gamelin started his attacks and during the next days his forces moved quickly forward. The large French forces had few problems with destroying the Soviet fighting spirit and on the 4th of July the remaining divisions surrender to Gamelin leaving all of Bessarabia in Allied hands. Finding the front almost undefended when he visited Gamelin on the 5th of July Montgomery ordered the offensive to continue towards Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula.
The situation in Bessarabia during Gamelin’s attack against the Soviet pocket
The same morning, the 5th of July, Patton was able to start his offensive. Together with Eisenhower Patton attacked Tarnopol with 44 divisions. The 9 Soviet divisions in the province put up a good defence, but having been bombarded by the Allied air forces and Allied artillery for days the frontline troops were already tired and shell-shocked and during the first day of the offensive the front broke. Desperately trying to strengthen his second line of defence General Rybalko emptied all prisons and grabbed all men he could find and sent them to the front to act as soldiers and shields for his troops. Untrained and with little or no equipment or weapons these “militia” divisions stood little chance against the Allied war machine and by nightfall on the 6th of July Rybalko had to telephone Moscow and inform Stalin that Tarnopol had been lost and that he was retreating towards Kiev.
General Rybalko and his army had no chance against the Allied war machine and were forced to retreat to Kiev
With the fall of Tarnopol Rybalko knew he had no chance of defending Zhitomir and Vinnitsa and instead of wasting his forces in a hopeless bloodbath Rybalko left behind his forces militia units to defend the provinces while withdrawing his main forces to the outskirts of Kiev where he at once started building defences and anti-tank ditches.
For Patton and Eisenhower the race was now on. While the attack on Kiev was Patton’s plan and operation Eisenhower was not one to give away all the honour to Patton without competition. The two American generals raced forward and on the 9th of July they had secured both Zhitomir and Vinnitsa and both of them stood on the gates of Kiev.
But while the two Americans had been competing Montgomery had waited. Having allowed for the Americans to compete Montgomery had made sure that also British’s forces were present in the armies racing towards Kiev and as it stood on the early hours of the 10th of July it was neither Patton nor Eisenhower who stood closest to Kiev. As it turned out it was Patton’s second in command during the operation the British General Lord Gort. Having been given a secret order by Montgomery to do his best to try to grab the city before the Americans Lord Gort had overstepped Patton’s orders during the night and moved his forces fast forward and as day started Lord Gort’s forces stood only three kilometres from the city. Rybalko had seen his defences break during the entire campaign and when he was informed that the Allies stood just outside the city Rybalko knew that there was little he could do, not wanting to see the city destroyed he instead started to withdraw his forces and leave the city open for the Allies. Lord Gort having heard from his scouts that the Soviets were leaving at once moved his forces forward and as it turned out it was the British and Lord Gort who were the first to enter Kiev. Three hours after Lord Gort had established his headquarters in the town hall that Rybalko had left only four hours earlier Patton moved into the city. A little angered to see the Union Jack above the city Patton soon calmed down when he saw that Lord Gort had also made sure to have the American flag flying above the town hall.
The fall of Kiev marked the start of the second phase of the Soviet invasion. Having broken the first line of defence the Allied commanders now found open plains in front of them, undefended and open the plains marked the started of what would alter by called “The Allied race”. Within a month this race would take the Allies to the outskirts of an even more important Soviet city, a city that because of its name was seen as the most important in the entire Soviet Union by Josef Stalin.