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Encyclopedia Europa
Topic: Bohemia
History:
1492-1792
Although there has been much arguments on the topic, many modern historians believe that Bohemia began its assention to power in the year 1492, the same year in which Spain commissioned Columbus to sail to India. It was in this year that the Prince of Bohemia appointed Daniel Dombeck(see entry: Dombeck, Daniel)as his cheif advisor.
Dombeck was to begin a campaign of military buildup which would come to dominate Bohemian culture until the dissolution of the Empire in 1862. He also guided Bohemia into an alliance with Hungary and Austria, as well as several minor members. This alliance would have profound affects on Bohemian history until the mid 1500's.
It was during this time that Bohemia orchistrated several small wars with sorounding territories, including Saxony, Brandenburg and even Poland-Lithuania. The principality would annex the territories of Posen and Western Prussia over in a 40 year perriod, although an abortive war would later strip away Posen(See entry: Wars of Retribution). Many of the early Bohemian wars were to be partaken either against a distracted foe, as in the wars against Poland, or an isolated enemy, as in the cases of Saxony and Brandenburg.
By the 1560's the Austrian-Bohemian and Hungarian alliance began to crumble with the advent of the Turkish wars. In these two wars, Bohemia was to annex both Wallacia as well as a port to the Black Sea. However these lands were in no way connected to Bohemia proper, and due to the strength of Islam and Orthodox in these territories, the Prince had distinct troubles holding onto these lands, forcing him to sign issue the "Edict of Tolleration" which proclaimed that although Catholism was to be the dominant religion of the land, that Orthodox and Protestants would also have equal rights.
Although the wars ended with a strengthening of Bohemian power, the other members ofthe alliance were not quiet so lucky. Hungary was decimated by the epanding Turks, and Austria had begun to grow more concered with its German holdings, than escepading against the Turks in the Balkans. Bohemia also began to grow to turn its eyes at Poland which was growing weaker, and saw the chance to retake Posen which it had lost in a previous war.
As the Centrual European Alliance crumbled, Bohemia instead mved to join the Russian power block, along with the Danes, there by encircling Poland. The following wars with Poland, known as the as the Wars of Retribution greatly expanded Bohemian power, giving Bohemia control of the port of Danzig, as well as all of Prussia. Bohemia came to dirrectly border Warsaw
Despite the Bohemian victories in Poland, the military had begun to grow old and unsuited to modern warfare. No where else is this evident than in the Wars of Russion Assention(See entry: Wars of Russian Assention)as well as the bloody Hanover campaign. The later was a long and grueling war which ended in the annexing of Hannover into Bohemia, but only at the cost of the utter distruction and mauling of the nation's Western armies.
With a new port into the Atlantic, a powerful trading monopoly in Danzig, and a large, if not ineffective, military, Bohemia began to internalize. Its people had grown tired of long costly wars begun by Russia, but that had not visible affect on the country, except for it to get over run by foreigners. The Bohemian rulers, who now began to call themselves Kings due to their extensive holdings outside of the Holy Roman Empire, began to invest in military and social reforms, upgrading fortifications and the like. They also left their, now defunct, alliance with Russia and instead allied with their main rival of Austria as well as several small German states. In the Early 1700's, Bohemia vassilized several southern German states including Baden and Thurnigen.
By 1792 Bohemia was the dominant power in Central Europa along with Austria. Its multi-ethnic, multi-religious composition would give it much trouble in the future, but with its rapidly advancing military and economic clout, there seemed to be no reason to believe that it might not rise to becoem the dominant force in the Holy Roman Empire,
Entry: Dombeck, Daniel
1466-1532
Born in a small village located some 60 miles outside of Warsaw, Daniel Dombeck grew up in poverty. He ran away from home to Warsaw at a young age where he entered into the services of the King of Poland. He became one of the kings chief advisors, but was forced to flee after a conspiricy of other officals attempted to frame him for the the attempted assassiantion of the king. Dombeck made his way to Prague where he entered itn othe service of the Bohemian prince. Dombeck is credited for many of the reforms which amde Bohemia's rise to power possible. He was known to be nearly obsessed with the running of a strong military, but was also a sponserer of the arts and literature. The Dombeck University of Prague is still considered one of the greatest universities in Europe. Dombeck had several sons who also went into governmental service, his son Daniel Dombeck II served for a short time as cheif advisor to the king, but was but down in battle against the Polish in Posen.
Entry Wars of Retribution
A series of three or four(depending on the sources)short wars betwen the Bohemians and the Polish, stemming from the Bohemian loss of Posen in an earlier war. Regaining this lost territory was considered an obsession by the Bohemian princes, stemming from it having been the first area won from the Polish in war. The territory was not finally won back until the last war, but by that time much of Western Poland was already in the hands of Bohemia, including Galacia, the rich trading city of Danzig, all of Prussia, as well as the ancient capital of Kracow. Warsaw was sacked no less than 3 times during these wars, and had been nearly encircled during the peace treaties as well, there by limiting its use as a capital.
Entry: Wars of Russian Assention
Name given to three wars between Russia and Sweden which sent much of Northern and Eastern Europe into war with it self. Bohemia partook in two of these three wars, and each time had many of its costal providences over run by French and Swedish armies. These wars, along with the dreadful Hannove campaign, were to finalyl convience the Bohemians to reform their army, as well as leave the Russian alliance.
Encyclopedia Europa
Topic: Bohemia
History:
1492-1792
Although there has been much arguments on the topic, many modern historians believe that Bohemia began its assention to power in the year 1492, the same year in which Spain commissioned Columbus to sail to India. It was in this year that the Prince of Bohemia appointed Daniel Dombeck(see entry: Dombeck, Daniel)as his cheif advisor.
Dombeck was to begin a campaign of military buildup which would come to dominate Bohemian culture until the dissolution of the Empire in 1862. He also guided Bohemia into an alliance with Hungary and Austria, as well as several minor members. This alliance would have profound affects on Bohemian history until the mid 1500's.
It was during this time that Bohemia orchistrated several small wars with sorounding territories, including Saxony, Brandenburg and even Poland-Lithuania. The principality would annex the territories of Posen and Western Prussia over in a 40 year perriod, although an abortive war would later strip away Posen(See entry: Wars of Retribution). Many of the early Bohemian wars were to be partaken either against a distracted foe, as in the wars against Poland, or an isolated enemy, as in the cases of Saxony and Brandenburg.
By the 1560's the Austrian-Bohemian and Hungarian alliance began to crumble with the advent of the Turkish wars. In these two wars, Bohemia was to annex both Wallacia as well as a port to the Black Sea. However these lands were in no way connected to Bohemia proper, and due to the strength of Islam and Orthodox in these territories, the Prince had distinct troubles holding onto these lands, forcing him to sign issue the "Edict of Tolleration" which proclaimed that although Catholism was to be the dominant religion of the land, that Orthodox and Protestants would also have equal rights.
Although the wars ended with a strengthening of Bohemian power, the other members ofthe alliance were not quiet so lucky. Hungary was decimated by the epanding Turks, and Austria had begun to grow more concered with its German holdings, than escepading against the Turks in the Balkans. Bohemia also began to grow to turn its eyes at Poland which was growing weaker, and saw the chance to retake Posen which it had lost in a previous war.
As the Centrual European Alliance crumbled, Bohemia instead mved to join the Russian power block, along with the Danes, there by encircling Poland. The following wars with Poland, known as the as the Wars of Retribution greatly expanded Bohemian power, giving Bohemia control of the port of Danzig, as well as all of Prussia. Bohemia came to dirrectly border Warsaw
Despite the Bohemian victories in Poland, the military had begun to grow old and unsuited to modern warfare. No where else is this evident than in the Wars of Russion Assention(See entry: Wars of Russian Assention)as well as the bloody Hanover campaign. The later was a long and grueling war which ended in the annexing of Hannover into Bohemia, but only at the cost of the utter distruction and mauling of the nation's Western armies.
With a new port into the Atlantic, a powerful trading monopoly in Danzig, and a large, if not ineffective, military, Bohemia began to internalize. Its people had grown tired of long costly wars begun by Russia, but that had not visible affect on the country, except for it to get over run by foreigners. The Bohemian rulers, who now began to call themselves Kings due to their extensive holdings outside of the Holy Roman Empire, began to invest in military and social reforms, upgrading fortifications and the like. They also left their, now defunct, alliance with Russia and instead allied with their main rival of Austria as well as several small German states. In the Early 1700's, Bohemia vassilized several southern German states including Baden and Thurnigen.
By 1792 Bohemia was the dominant power in Central Europa along with Austria. Its multi-ethnic, multi-religious composition would give it much trouble in the future, but with its rapidly advancing military and economic clout, there seemed to be no reason to believe that it might not rise to becoem the dominant force in the Holy Roman Empire,
Entry: Dombeck, Daniel
1466-1532
Born in a small village located some 60 miles outside of Warsaw, Daniel Dombeck grew up in poverty. He ran away from home to Warsaw at a young age where he entered into the services of the King of Poland. He became one of the kings chief advisors, but was forced to flee after a conspiricy of other officals attempted to frame him for the the attempted assassiantion of the king. Dombeck made his way to Prague where he entered itn othe service of the Bohemian prince. Dombeck is credited for many of the reforms which amde Bohemia's rise to power possible. He was known to be nearly obsessed with the running of a strong military, but was also a sponserer of the arts and literature. The Dombeck University of Prague is still considered one of the greatest universities in Europe. Dombeck had several sons who also went into governmental service, his son Daniel Dombeck II served for a short time as cheif advisor to the king, but was but down in battle against the Polish in Posen.
Entry Wars of Retribution
A series of three or four(depending on the sources)short wars betwen the Bohemians and the Polish, stemming from the Bohemian loss of Posen in an earlier war. Regaining this lost territory was considered an obsession by the Bohemian princes, stemming from it having been the first area won from the Polish in war. The territory was not finally won back until the last war, but by that time much of Western Poland was already in the hands of Bohemia, including Galacia, the rich trading city of Danzig, all of Prussia, as well as the ancient capital of Kracow. Warsaw was sacked no less than 3 times during these wars, and had been nearly encircled during the peace treaties as well, there by limiting its use as a capital.
Entry: Wars of Russian Assention
Name given to three wars between Russia and Sweden which sent much of Northern and Eastern Europe into war with it self. Bohemia partook in two of these three wars, and each time had many of its costal providences over run by French and Swedish armies. These wars, along with the dreadful Hannove campaign, were to finalyl convience the Bohemians to reform their army, as well as leave the Russian alliance.
