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Stuart Allan

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In this AAR I will take the Byzantine Empire from 1405 through EUIII to the 1920's in Victoria II and maybe continue into HOI3. Or I may get wiped out by the ottomans in the first 50 years who knows.
I will be playing vanilla on hard for all three games (EUIII is 5.2b).

For those of you who are unfamiliar with the Byzantine Empire, it is the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire after it was split by Emperor Diocletian in 285 CE. The term "Byzantine" was made up by archaeologists in the late 19th century to describe the Eastern Roman Empire in the medieval period after the fall of the West. To any person actually living in Constantinople during the empire's existence the term was unknown. They would have called themselves Romans and the Emperor was the Emperor of the Roman Empire.

This game starts in the year 1405, this year was chosen in comparison to the standard 1399 start year because it more accurately reflects the Roman Empire's state at the time. Due to luck and the leadership of Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos the Roman Empire had a real chance to arrest its long decline since the disastrous Battle of Manzikert in 1071 and the horror of the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Due the Timurid invasion and the catastrophic defeat of the entire Ottoman Army (and vassals) at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 Sultan Beyzied I was taken captive by Timur Lenk and the Ottoman Empire entered a vicious interregnum. This period lasted until 1413 wherein the empire was broken into numerous warring factions and no serious external campaigns were fought.

The Roman Empire had a real chance of resurgence and only internal societal and cultural rot (and some bad luck) prevented its resurgence in real life. Ideally, with my superior management, I can guide Emperor Manuel II to take advantage of the ottoman disarray and lead the empire to victory over the invading Turks and a resurgence!

Campaign Goals

So what are my goals for the campaign? First things first, I firmly beleive that the welfare of my citizens is my primary concern followed by the welfare of others. Consequently war is a horror to be avoided as that places my citizens at risk and retards human growth and welfare. However, that being said, the Roman Empire provides prosperity, stability, and growth for all of its citizens and provides a substantially better quality of life than neighbouring govermental regiems. This quality of life should be brought back to those who once enjoyed the Pax Romana and are now living under uncultured and barbaric regiems.

Additionally, I'm concerned for the sould of many christians who have lost thier way and strayed from the orthodox christianity to corrupted versions of the faith. I also care deeply about the souls of those living in the spiritual poverty of Islam and our fellow christians living and being persecuted in Islamic lands.

Therefore, my general goal is to spread peace and prosperity throughout the land, brining mankind forward while saving as many souls as possible.
 
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Stuart Allan

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Chapter 1: A New Hope

In 1405 our starting position finds the Empire facing opportunity, the Turkish interregnum has left us with the opportunity to recover lost provinces and force the Turks out of Asia. Without a strong fleet to protect the straits, Europe will never be secure enough for the Empire to rebuild the strength necessary to retake Asia Minor which is the Empire’s heartland and breadbasket.

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Our priorities are to secure an alliance with our Venetian friends as we will need their fleet. Additionally, an alliance with a major nearby land power like Hungary is critical to protecting ourselves from Ottoman Aggression.

Unfortunately, the Latin nations in Greece (Athens, Epirius, and Achea) are guaranteed by Venice thus freeing the Romans under those barbaric regimes will have to wait.

Emissaries are sent to the Venitians and the Hungarians to build up royal marriage connections and grease them up so that an alliance will be possible. In the mean time, I form a Bosnia-Byzantine-Wallachia alliance and also shift my army to Kozan in preparations for a strike at either Epirus or Athens as both nations are revolting against their foreign Latin masters and may lose the protection of Venice allowing me to strike. Additionally, I improve my army by recruiting foreign soldiers in Macedonia.

By November 20th, 1405 the Serbians have placed themselves in a precarious spot by trying to subjugate Montenegro but also supporting their allies Epirus against a Naples/Hungary coalition. The upstart Serbians are weak, and their people are in an unstable environment with a stability rating of 0. It is necessary for the Bosnian-Wallachia-Imperial coalition to stabilize the situation and secure Serbia.

While a joint Transalvanyian-Hungarian army besieges Beograd in Serbia, my army under Emperor Manuel II besieges Pristina in Kosovo. This war, was poorly explained to my uneducated populace who got upset declaring it a “war of Byzantine aggression” and my regions stability drops to 1. I place a substantial portion of funds at the treasury towards regaining stability in the land for my people.

The Siege of Kosovo drags on for months while a Ragusan/Serbian army besieges Montenegro. On September, 20 1406 the Serbian garrison of Pristina capitulates. On the 21st, Serbia makes peace with Hungary/Translvania while offering to cede me Kosovo. The empire declines this offer because the Ottomans are regrouping and a united Roman Empire is needed to face their growing threat and keep the peoples of Europe free from enslavement and forced conversion to Islam. I detach a unit to continue the Hungarian siege of Beograd and keep my main army stationed in Kosovo ready to intercept the Ragusan/Serbian force. Unfortunately, my diplomatic corps is overstretched forming an Alliance with Hungary and Venice (which are my priorities) and the Empire is consequently unable to make contact with King Balsha III of Montenegro so that the Imperial Army can relieve his beleaguered garrison in Zabljak.

While waiting for the Siege of Kosovo to conclude I focus my efforts on strengthening my naval defenses by taking out a loan so that I can add a modern Carrack to my fleet as well as two additional galleys. Shortly thereafter, Kosovo falls on January 21st, 1407 to my forces and Serbia is welcomed back into the fold of the empire. Outside of combat, I move my forces from war-level funding to a state of decreased alertness. Meanwhile, with the Ottoman civil war over rather quickly, I move my navy to full alert and step up my efforts to create an alliance with Venice.

To my surprise, Georgia offers me an alliance. The nation of Georgia is a longstanding friend of the empire and shares a similar culture and religion. They, more than anyone, understand the threat Islam posses to humanity. Georgia is in a strong position after negotiating a truce with its neighboring nomadic tribes, I accept their alliance and they pose a serious risk to the Ottoman rear. Shortly thereafter King Konstantine of Georgia requests my assistance in his war against Trebizond. I of course agree. Trebizond is an upstart “empire” which took advantage of the chaos following the Fourth Crusade to succeed from the empire. In the centuries following they have bowed to the Ottomon pretenders and even sent armies as an Ottoman vassal state against the Empire! This treason cannot be accepted and I’m glad to help eliminate this scum. I detach a portion my Sea of Marmara fleet under the brand new flagship Carrack Aenias to blockade the Trebizondian fleet in their harbor (unsurprisingly the cowards are afraid to be brought to battle!). The war was quick as the Trebizond cowards quickly agreed to be Georgia’s vassal.
By May 1st, 1409 not much had changed. My large navy now contained 2 Carracks, 6 galleys and 4 cogs. This is in comparison to the Ottoman navy (spotted in port) of 8 galleys and 5 cogs. My treasury was beginning to buckle under the weight of my large force seize (despite peacetime funding levels) and my diplomatic efforts with Venice and Hungary were going nowhere towards getting those alliances. However, I did manage to secure an unlikely alliance with the Latin kingdom of Athens, securing my position in the Peloponnese. Under the status qou I would be bankrupt within a year and the Ottoman military machine would out produce me. I had to make my move, I called up the reserves and put my troops on full alert. On June 17th, 1409 the Empire launched two more galleys and a Carrack (the Manuel II) and declared war on the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Mehmet I Osmanli and his army of 16,000 and reserve component of 6,000 were on the Asian shore at the time. My allies Georgia, Wallachia, Athens, Trebizond and Bosnia came to my aide while the Hajez, Oman, Sarahun (another Turkish tribe), and the Najd came to the Ottoman’s aide. Luckily this battle would be decided at sea. I sent detachments to besiege Nis, Bulgaria, Burgas, and Silistria where as my main force took up a blocking position while besieging the Ottoman European capital city of Edirne (in the province of Adrianople). My blocking force was quickly bolstered by 8,000 Bosnians and Wallachians. At sea, a galley of mine scouting the Anatolian coast in the Aegean was caught by four galleys and two cogs of Sarahun when all seemed lost a combined Georgian and Athenian fleet arrived and saved the day, wiping out the Sarahunian fleet and saving my galley.

By October 1410, all Ottoman lands on Europe are occupied by the Empire. A blocking force in Adrianople of 14,000 Imperial troops under Emperor Manuel II oppose 16,000 Ottoman troops under Sultan Mehmet I in and an additional allied army of 10,000 Athenian, Wallachian, and Bosnian troops in Thrace oppose another Ottoman army 6,000 strong on the Asian side of the Bosporus. The situation has reach a stalemate as Imperial and allied forces do not have the training, numbers or coordination to go on the offensive and the Ottomans cannot cross the straits or the sea of Marmara under the guns of the Imperial Fleet. With half of their provinces occupied, the Ottoman’s war exhaustion is rising rapidly, meanwhile with the fleet protecting Imperial Europe, my land troops are moving to a lower state of readiness so that the war taxes can be stopped and Roman citizens can begin to live a somewhat normal life. We will wait them out.

Two years have gone by and its April of 1412. We are still at war. My allies have rightly made peace with the Ottoman/Oman enemy and have sent their regiments home but remain ready to answer my call to arms if I need them. My fleet defends the straits while the Ottoman’s war exhaustion increases monthly. My economic situation is stable but I’m beginning to see some serious inflation as I try to maintain my wartime economy. My Citizens have almost forgot that the war still goes on and our war exhaustion is minimal while our fleet vigilantly plows through the warm waters of the Marmaran Sea keeping the barbaric Ottomans at bay.

By October of 1412, the Ottomans had reached their maximum war-exhaustion but still maintained their force levels and seemed to have kept unrest under control. They offered a large financial settlement and to cede the provinces of Nis and Edirne (Adrianople) to my control. I accepted so that I could have the space to get my fiscal house in order. By 1419, all of my loans were paid off, inflation is at 5% and decreasing at a rate of 30 bps per year due to an extremely talent mater of mint, increased centralization, and a new national idea of a central bank called “The Imperial Bank of Constantanople”. On June 28th, 1420 Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos dies while besieging a castle in Kosovo which was revolting against Imperial rule. Rumor has it a Castle Cook took a pop-shot with an arrow that managed to find a weak spot underneath the arm in the Emperor’s amour. This wound lead to infection and death. Long live his son and heir, Emperor Ioannes VIII Palaiologos! He inherits an Empire at peace, with a strong Army, a regionally dominant navy, and a strong fiscal base.
 
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Grubnessul

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Interesting. Real men start in 1399 though ;)
 

tuareg109

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This game starts in the year 1405

I love the 1405 start!
It's super fun, not really easy (Naples and Castille dogpile, anyone?), but you should have all of Greece, Anatolia, and Southern Italy by 1460.
A tip: Ally Wallachia and Serbia, but don't let them occupy any of the Balkan Byzantine provinces. You want those all (and they'll increase your warscore).
After you have those occupied, blockade the Ottomans' only two ports. This (along with the occupied European provinces) will make their war exhaustion skyrocket, they'll face revolts and wars from other nations, and their army's morale will plummet as prices (including army maintenance) go up up up. Their inflation will drive them mad within 5 years, if the war even lasts that long, and then you can invade with your shiny new 9k army.
Make sure to build ships during this time, as the Ottomans will be doing that too, hoping to outnumber and defeat your blockading navy so they can get to Europe.
This naval development will help when you retake Greece.
I was lucky and Orthodox zealots took Naxos from Castille, then defected to me! Good luck.
 

Rifal

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This may be nitpicking but shouldn't the title be "Embers of an Empire" instead of just Embers of Empire?
 

Voss

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A Byzantine AAR is always desired !
 

Rifal

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No. If I were refering specifically to a certain empire then yes. However I intended the title to refer to the concept of empire thus "Embers of Empire".

Shouldn't "Empire" be pluralised (Empires) in that case? The concept of Empire applies to several states, not just one. Then again Im not the best at English grammar so I could be way of.
 

Grubnessul

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This may be nitpicking but shouldn't the title be "Embers of an Empire" instead of just Embers of Empire?
In English you can talk of 'empire' it has a bit broader concept then though. See for example: Amy Chu: Day of Empire, or T. Parsons: The Rule of Empire.

Now nitpicking myself, shouldn't:
In 1405 our starting position finds the Empire facing opportunity, the Turkish interregnum has left us with the opportunity to recover lost provinces and force the Turks out of Asia.
Asia be Europe here? :p

Apart from that, good job!
 

Merrick Chance'

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I like that you acknowledge the fragile situation that the Byzantines were in AND how much of their failure was a result of their own incompetencies. So many Byzantophiles (and so many Byzantine AARs) treat the Byzantines as this mythical force of idealized governance. That mythical force didn't exist anywhere in Europe at the time (I mean it's never existed but the Chinese came the closest to having a 'modern bureaucratic state' in this period and then only occasionally), and most of all it didn't exist in Byzantium. Your acknowledgement of Byzantine corruption bodes well for later points in the game