The best is sometimes a foe of the better
Perhaps the effect of women would be best represented through POP efficiency. Moreover, in countries where a female workforce is allowed, POPs become more efficient (due to more of those POPs from the 1:4 ratio being involved in working).
The same thing could be applied for child labour. In such a case, there could be all sorts of literacy/research penalties if you have children in your workforce - they're not at school, afterall.
I find it fair, but we'd have some problems with balance:
a) I If you increase POP efficiency, you're increasing production maintaining costs (wages). Product prices would slow down, demand of the products would increase and net effect would depend also of workforce reduction because of higher production efficiency. I would find it correct if it was the consequence of increased productivity (as tech development would do), instead of the consequence of more people willing to work.
b) In the other hand, if you instead increase POP size (from 1/4 to 1/3 of total population because of women and children working for example), there'd be more unemployment. Depending of previous situacion (workforce shortage or abundance) it would affect on production and/or wages. I find it WAD, and better than increasing POP efficiency.
Problem comes in "b" with full employment and POP needs: demand wouldn't work as suposed. If two wages come home you don't demand double of life goods, like bread, but increase your saves or your demand of luxury goods. Otherwise, it could be considered negligible, because of low wages.
c) Of course, best solution would be representation of female POPs (and children). But maybe too much complex.
As three possibilities give complications, I think it should be better managed as a political issue (increasing militancy on conservatives or in progressives, depending your election), economic consequences be abstracted like a little boost in production, and as Palisadoes suggested, affecting in literacy growth in lower classes (increased if women work, reduced if children do).
And the same for women suffrage: if there's no female POPs, effect should be abstracted. I'd do it affecting issues while there's no a decision about it (alienating conservatives overall till things are decided; once done, maybe increasing religiousness in poorer classes).
