Imperial
Nibenay - The "Cultured Eastern" Imperials, and consisting of all lands south of the Jeral Mountains and the Right Bank of the Niben River, the Imperial Lake, and the Imperial City. Those that come from Nibenay, a vast and cosmopolitain area. These people are religious, mercantile, and skilled politicians on the whole whom much of Tamriel look to for cultural matters, as they have been the prime movers of the poltiical situation in Tamriel since teh formation of the Allesian Empire in the First Era for nearly 4,000 years (assuming a late 3rd Era or very early 4th Era scenario).
Colovian - "Western" Imperials, descended from the original Nordic populations who retain their martial traditions. Though the people can be spartan in nature, there are enclaves of culture, including the empire-renowned vinyards of Skingrad and the West Weald. Due to their martial heritage, Colovians have always made excellent generals, forming the bulk of Imperials in the Empire's legions. The Gold Coast, and Anvil in particular, is Cyrodiil's main commercial hub aside from the Imperial City itself; however, due to the difficulty of navigating halfway around the continent of Tamriel, and the innate difficulties of riverine navigation for ocean-going and larger littoral cargo vessels, Anvil is the preferred port for Western and Northern Tamriel.
Highlander - Imperials who have interbred with the Nords beyond the Jeral Mountains and inhabit the highlands and lowlands of northern Cyrodiil, centred on Bravil and the surrounding regions.
Breton
Breton - The race of men with meric blood (given to them by both Aldmeri and Direnni interbreeding over the centuries) found in and around the Illiac Bay region with light skin and a long feudal tradition.
Reachman - Though they live in Skyrim, the Reachmen are actually Breton by blood and appearance. Putting them in the Breton group would also make the Hold of Markarath more interesting and volatile for a Nordic ruler in Markarth.
Nord
Skaal - The primitive, Nordic inhabitants of Solstheim who live in accordance to ancient Atmoran traditions. Inhabiting the northeastern quarter of Solstheim, the Skaal are a religious people that worship the land.
Nord - "Generic" Hold Nords that live both in Skyrim and abroad.
Cyro-Nords - The Nords that lived south of the Jeral Mountains prior to the establishment of the Provinces as known in the contemporary period.
Trans-Velothi Nords - The Nords that live/lived east of the Velothi Mountains prior to their expulsion by the Chimer/Dunmer prior to and after the Battle of Red Mountain. After the expulsion of the Nords, sizable enclaves remained in Redoran territory, particularly up north, along the coast of the Sea of Ghosts, and Blacklight
High Elves
Direnni (High Rock Altmer) - The rulers of the Isle of Balfiera, but also (from what I've gathered) an almost generic term for Altmer living in the Iliac Bay region.
Altmer - Tall, gold-skinned elves, highly cultured, livign in the Summerset Isle. They have a strong magical affinity, but that same affinity makes them succeptible to that very power they wield.
Dunmer
Dunmer - The dark-skinned meric race of Morrowind, cursed by the Tribunal's betrayal of Nerevar Moon-and-Star at Red Mountain. They are divided into five Great Houses and dozens of Houses Major and Minor that are aligned to these Great Houses on the mainland. The position of King of Morrowind is largely symbollic in nature and exists almost solely as a means to interact in a smooth way with the White Gold Tower.
Ashlander - The dark-skinned meric race of Vvardenfall, living in a tribal manner in accordance with old Velothi traditions, opposed to the colonisation of "their island" by the mainland.
Khajiit
Ohmes - Often mistaken by Bosmer (Wood Elves) from afar, the Ohmes often tatoo their faces to avoid this mistake. These were the most common species of Khajiit found abroad during the Imperial Simulacrum.
Ohmes-raht - Larger than the Ohmes, but of the same general appearance, the Ohmes-raht can be mistaken for a man at distance, until the fine coat of fur that covers their body can be discerned. Many of this race of Khajiit settled in the Illiac Bay Region and were the most common species foudn during the chaos that lead to the Warp in the West and its subsequent Miracle of Peace that finally ended the perpetual feudal conflicts in the Illiac Bay Region.
Suthay - Of the same appearance as the Suthay-Raht, listed below, but somewhat smaller in stature.
Suthay-raht - The most common race of Khajiit, and make up the vast majority of the Khajiit species that live outside of Elsweyr. Of similar heigh and build to a man, they come in a vast range of colours. Often called "Young Khajiit" ("Ja'Khajiit", also an appelation given to Mehrunes Dagon according to "Words of Clan Mother Ahnissi", an examination of Khajiit cosmogony)
Cathay - Bipedal Khajiiti race of greater stature and strengh compared to the Suthay-raht.
Cathay-raht -
Tojay - A race of Khajiit living in the Tenmar Forest and the marshes of southern Elsweyr.
Tojay-raht - Larger than the Tojay-raht.
Alfiq - A mute, very small, race of Khajiit, often mistaken for common housecats. Though unable to vocalise and unable to write, the Alfiq have a keen understanding of language. Their small size likely makes them skilled observers and spies. According to Codus Callonus in his "Mixed Unit Tactics", an examination of the Five Years War (3E 394-3E 399, during the Imperial Simulacrum), the Alfiq served as a reconaissance force and as battlemages for Elsweyr's armies.
Alfiq-raht - An extremely uncommon breed, Alfiq-Raht are larger than the Alfiq, and likely just as smart, though likewise mute.
Dagi - Uncommon breed, they inhabit the Tenmar Forest along the western border to Valenwood. They are natural magicians of a sort.
Dagi-raht - Larger than their Dagi coousins, the Dagi-raht are just as skilled in magic and just as nimble on the ground but unable to inhabit the higher branches of the Tenmar Forest.
Pahmer - Quadruped, tiger-like. Somewhat feral.
Pahmer-raht - Larger than the pahmer, of a more feral nature.
Senche - Steed-like warcats born under the Full moons of Masser and Secunda; as tall as an Altmer and heavy as twenty of them.
Senche-raht - Large and slow warcat used as steeds; sentient however, and while uncivilised can probably serve as excellent marshals or generals.
Mane - the ruler of the Khajiit, born under the alignment of the twin moons.
The -raht suffix implies that the race is much larger and somewhat more feral than their smaller kinsmen.
If I might, the king of Elsweyr should probably be an Elective post since the Mane is the ruler, and the Mane is not necessarily hereditary at all.
Argonians
As a general rule, curiously enough, it seems that Argonians are hermaphroditic, and change their gender depending on age...probably something that cannot be modded, but certain should be looked into.
Argonians - Generic bipedal pseudo-reptilians commonly found abroad outside of Argonia.
Saxhleel - The natives of Black Marsh, divided into five main tribes, the Agacephs (deep Argonia, within the Hist swamps), the Archeins ("traitorous" Argonians that sold their brethren into slavery, much larger and stronger than their brethren), Paatru (likely smaller, toad-like race in appearance), the Sarpa (a 'winged' species, very reclusive, living deep in the heart of Argonia), and teh Naga (a race of snake-like Argonians that tower over most Argonians, and other races, that are pariahs of sorts, even within Argonia, for their reputation as bandits and outlaws).