Casluerj said:
Let talk about Italy? Where is Naples? Sicily? Oh my Holy God... Where is the Pope

???? Now you come to Moscow to say that we are barbarians and agreesives and taht you want to create an alliance against Russia? Should we talk about Algiers? Morroco? Or should us stop here??
Pedro III, king of Aragon from 1276 until 1285, had been elected to the throne of Sicily when the French Angevins (House of Anjou) were expelled from the island kingdom during an uprising in 1282.
During the reign of Joanna I of Naples began the struggle for succession between Charles of Durazzo (later Charles III of Naples) and Louis of Anjou (Louis I of Naples). The struggle was continued by their heirs. Charles's descendants, Lancelot and Joanna II, successfully defended their thrones despite papal support of their French rivals, but Joanna II successively adopted as her heir Alfonso V of Aragón and Louis III and René of Anjou, and the dynastic struggle was prolonged. Alfonso defeated René and in 1442 was invested with Naples by the pope.
Ferdinand and Isabella were the last of the Trastamaras. When their sole male heir, John, who was to have inherited all his parent's crowns, died in 1497, the succession to the throne passed to Juana, John's sister. But Juana had become the wife of Philip the Handsome, heir through his father, Emperor Maximilian I, to the Hapsburg patrimony. On Ferdinand's death in 1516, Charles of Ghent, the son of Juana and Philip, inherited Spain (which he ruled as Carlos I, 1516-56), its colonies, and Naples. (Juana, called Juana Loca or Joanna the Mad, lived until 1555 but was judged incompetent to rule.) When Maximilian I died in 1519, Charles also inherited the Hapsburg domains in Germany. Shortly afterward he was selected Holy Roman emperor, a title that he had held as Charles V (1519-56), to succeed his grandfather.
When he abdicated in 1556 to retire to a Spanish monastery, Charles divided his empire. His son, Philip II (1556-98), inherited Spain and the Italian possessions.
For a brief period (1554-58), Philip was also king of England as the husband of Mary Tudor (Mary I).
In 1578 Sebastian, King of Portugal and nephew of Philip II, went on a military expedition to North Africa where he disappeared, leaving the Portugese throne to his elderly great-uncle, Enrique, Cardinal and Archbishop of Lisbon. But Enrique I would live only another two years, in which period another nephew of Enrique I, Antonio, made claims to be legitimate and that (as his deceased father Luis, Duke of Beja, was six years older than Enrique I) he should be king instead of Enrique. Enrique I then ordered an inquiry in which all papers proving Antonio's legitimacy disappeared. In 1580 Enrique I died and, Felipe II of Spain was proclaimed king.
The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po river, as a fief for pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese. In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was also given the Duchy of Piacenza. Margaret of Parma was the illegitimate daughter of Charles V and the mother of Alessandro Farnese, the Duke of Parma. She was also the half-sister of Philip II, thus giving the Spanish Habsburgs rights not only as feudal lords of the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza, but also direct succession rights.
As for the Spanish Emperor being Protector of Rome, the Popes have asked protection to the Aragonese king first in 1378, when pope Calixtus III (Alfonso de Borgia). The title of Protector passed to the kings of Spain and then to the Emperors.
As for the title of Emperor, now that the Czar knows about the Spanish posessions in the New World, he has to recognize the title, for it is obvious the Colonies form a true Empire. The Spanish Emperor will be also HRE as long as the excommunication on the Austrian Habsburg lasts. This bulla will be liftes as soon as the Archduke of Austria will join the righteous way of the Habsburgs, and cease to be a friend of Russia.
The African posessions are Spanish by the right of conquest: Morocco, Algiers, Tunisia. Surely the Czar will not attract the rage of all the Christian world by disputing the Spanish provinces in Berber Africa.
Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas, Duque de Lerma Spanish foreign affairs minister, open letter to the Court of Moscow