I find the "ring-worlds make great bread baskets" argument to be terrible as i've never out eaten what my mining worlds could produce on the side, even with the ecumenopoli and habs. While they might be nice for power generation, it just doesn't hold a candle to a dyson, and if you are building wide enough for a dyson to be insufficient, you are building wide enough to just colonize another planet. There is no way the time/material investment into a few planets is going to outweigh the time/material investment into a ring world.
Multiple Habitats and gateways can be built simultaneously if you have the materials, they are completely exempt from the "one mega structure at a time" rule. But no, ecumenopoli do not conflict with mega structures.Yes, the conversion is done using the planet build queue and has not prevented my from constructing habitats while ongoing. You can even convert multiple worlds to Ecumenopoli at the same time.
I agree that the ringworld build time should be decreased now that fully housing a world takes more than 25 pops and significantly more time. Master builders + Living Metal edict does a lot for habitat construction time though, to the point where the 200 influence is really the only thing holding you back.
Dyson Spheres and Matter Decompressors are absolutely worth the time and AP though due to their immediate payout period at stage 1 and not requiring pops to run.