Doppelgänger: the Untold Story of the Third Reich
The end of October is approaching, meaning that winter is not far off. But that is not the most significant event on the horizon. General Keppler, the man on the ground, has issued a series of positive reports. His korps commander, Debes, supports his subordinate’s view that the fall of the city is close, and General Paulus is of course ecstatic that his Leningrad Armee is about to be the first to achieve the capture of a major Soviet city. (
Smolensk is still safe from us,
Kyiv is still causing problems and
Odessa is proving more difficult than expected).
I may need to get some first-hand information on what is going on, avoiding the “screening” that sometimes occurs as a report passes up the organisational chain. And I know just where to get it. I made a quick call and passed on a message.
While waiting for a reply, I scanned the night’s results. The Italian cavalry got out of
Nelidovo without too much embarrassment, we captured
Nikopol, but at a cost. Holding it might be even tougher.
Mahdalynivka was a shock, but it was never going to turn out well. The big surprise was Busch in
Rahachow. I expected him to win, but to win without losing a single man was something I had not contemplated. That will show the Russian cavalry!
Busch shows how to defeat the enemy, personally overseeing his artillery fire
Perhaps Rendulic can do the same in
Golynki: less than 10,000 disorganised soldiers taking on 29.ID (motorised), the division that held out for days when surrounded by enemy troops. But at that time 29.ID was fresh and fully supplied: now it is in much poorer condition and may find it harder to keep its morale high.
10AM came and went, with no return call. We won the battle of
Ovidiopol though, as is now normal, we lost double the casualties of the Soviets. The Russians were not dissuaded by yet another defeat: Kreysing has found two more armour divisions in the province and is in the process of pinning them down. Very bad news from
Mitino. The Finns were heroic in their efforts, but simply not up to the task. 79.ID also suffered, but not to the extent of our more lightly armed allies. With four divisions now firmly established in the hills, Shtevnev appears to be secure for the present.
Fresh combat in
Osinovets, but nothing to be concerned about according to Meindl. A small attack by von Schwedler in
Kresttsy is a bit more alarming: 1st Ostmark must defeat mechanised troops and it has not impressed with its performance against any sort of armour. Still no telephone call – I was beginning to get annoyed. Did I have to make it clear that calls from the Reichskanzlei were not to be ignored?
In the Crimean peninsula, General Strauss pushed further south, into
Simferopol. Resistance is minimal, only the battered 26th Tankovaya Diviziya available. Then, as the day drew to a close, the inevitable blow. Our attempts to take
Novaya Ladoga, to push the Red Army a further 40 kilometres away from
Leningrad, failed abysmally. Rather than assist our siege of
Leningrad, all that Wilkama achieved is to bring about a collapse in morale across the whole of the Wehrmacht. At that I slammed on my hat and left the office. The aggressive phone call could wait. I was in no mood to discuss anything with anyone – I needed a quiet night with a bottle of schnapps and then a deep sleep untroubled by dreams of corpses slowly sinking into Soviet swamps.
How many more of our men must enter the swamps and never return?
So the last thing I needed was my apartment phone ringing in the middle of the night. My bedside clock told me it was 3AM. What could this be? An urgent need to replace the Führer? As far as I knew he had nothing important scheduled – had he become ill? Or had there been an attempt on his life? All that flashed through my mind as I raced to the phone.
Although it had been many months, the line was horrible and there was a constant booming and banging in the background, there was no mistaking that voice. Major Werner Lehmann.
I put on my sternest voice and asked what he thought he was doing, ringing at this time of night. I need not have bothered. He knew that my ringing him meant I wanted something. “Sorry, “Signal” only managed to get a message to me by the end of the day, and getting a line from here is not easy.”
“And where is “here”?”
“Not quite sure, but about halfway between
Gatcina and
Leningrad”
Well, the fates were being kind. He was exactly where wanted him. I asked another question, but he asked me to repeat it, an escalation in the background noise having deafened him.
“What on earth is going on? Why can’t you ring from somewhere more civilised?”
“What is going on? We are assaulting
Leningrad, that’s what’s going on. The whole Nordseeflotte is a few kilometres offshore, with every gun firing non-stop into the city. Hundreds of bombers are flying over me, dropping bombs on the outskirts. Not to mention dozens of 17cm K18 guns firing only a few hundred metres away. So it is a little noisy. And have you any idea how hard it is to get a phone line that works? I had to leave Gretchen at the front to come back here. And it cost me four packets of cigarettes and an Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd Class to get just a few minutes on this line. So you need to get to the point.”
A 17cm gun joins the bombardment of Leningrad
I explained what I needed. An honest report of the situation, what was going on, whether we were really close to taking the city, what the troops were thinking, what condition they were in. He stopped me there.
“OK – I get the idea. It’ll take a few days, but I can tell you one thing. We are taking this city. The SS, the jägers, thousands of regular schutzen – they are all poling into the suburbs. Those captured French tanks, the Hotchkisses, they are blasting a way forward, the Stukas take out anything they can’t handle. And the centre of the city must be hell. The Kriegsmarine has been shelling it for days. The bombers come and go: the flak was murderous but is a bit less now. I don’t think much can be left of whatever defences the Ivans had further in. They aren’t admitting it, but they have no escape. Paulus has done it: trapped an army in a city, surrounded it and is breaking its back.”
Then silence. I hoped he had hung up and that a lucky Soviet shell had not taken out the artillery communications post he had bribed his way into.
The rest of the night was a deep and refreshing sleep: whether it was the last of the schnapps, the sound of Werner’s voice or his good news I cannot tell.
As a result of my disturbed sleep (surely not the best part of a bottle of schnapps) I decided to have a quiet Saturday, taking a stroll around the streets of Berlin. It was easy to detect a change in the spirit of the public. Many wore mourning clothes, and the weather (quite cold if sunny) was not the only reason for the lack of laughter and downcast eyes. The enormous causalities in the East had touched many families and few people would not have lost a close relative. Unless we can turn-around the situation Goebbels will have trouble keeping discontent under control.
Few people on the streets – a sign that the public feeling on the war has turned sour
After a few hours I had had enough of tear stained women’s faces and young men with missing limbs: I headed to the Reichskanzlei. At least there I could bury myself in paperwork, away from the harsh reality of war.
The population may be losing confidence but our commanders are still prepared to take the war to the enemy. Both
Ordzhonikidze and
Kremenchuk had been attacked overnight. Neither looked as though they would lead to an early victory. I got more enjoyment from the Luftwaffe reports: 10 units in operation. There was also the tremendous result from
Lelchytsy and
Malkowicze. If only we could manage a victory without losing thousands of men! That is not to take away the importance of both battles. Together they show that the “Pripyat Bulge” is now a focus of our efforts, and the Soviet reaction at their defeat in
Malkowicze shows it has affected the entire Red Army. We have relieved 22.ID and simultaneously narrowed the Soviet supply line west to a single marshy province. And we took
Lelchytsy, a nightmare region that had resisted our efforts to retake it for months, with just a few thousand casualties. A wonderful result, were it not for the size of our losses. Blaskowitz has moved his division into
Nieswiez, another swampy area we recently lost. Our hope is he can repeat these victories, but with a shorter casualty list.
Moving into Nieswiez: nothing is easy in the swamps of the Pripyat
As far as I could see, little news from the north, the only incident being a Soviet tank attack on
Schlisselburg that Wilkama is treating as a desperate attempt to break the siege of
Leningrad. He has assured Paulus that the ring of steel around the city is not about to be broken.
During the afternoon there was more activity in the north, Meindl again having to deter NKVD intrusions into
Osinovets. Wünnenburg was not worried about these probes into his base of operations: he was quite happy to send SS Polizei Division into
Valkjärvi. The link up to our Finnish allies is not far away. Von Boltenstern is trying to make some headway into
Novaya Ladoga, but nobody has any real expectation he will do anything but tie up a few enemy formations.
Developments in the south were not as agreeable. The Slovaks were beaten in
Ivanivka, though to their credit they made the Guards pay. Pukhov is active in
Novovorontovska, his tanks against Wäger’s mixed Hungarian/German force. That was not all that worrying, Wäger has a lot of men and the province is not critical. I had more concern about the Soviet attack on
Berezivka. Somehow the Odessa garrison is still able to make reasonable sallies on its besiegers.
The real bad news was from
Kresttsy – we lost more than 10 men for every Soviet soldier killed or captured. The Ostmark divisions desperately need a boost in size and the Red Army is determined we will not approach a kilometre closer to
Moskva.
All things come to those who wait, even infantry divisions. After long months of assembly and training, 101.ID has been declared ready for duty. General Konrad has been appointed to command the unit, which has two infantry brigades and artillery, panzerjäger and flak regiments. With 21,500 men, it is a substantial fighting force, able to handle most situations without assistance. Even better, it is the first of several units that will become available over the next week or so. It has been attached to Wodrig’s VI Armeekorps, Army of the Pripyat. The only downside: it will take at least a week before it has been organised enough to begin operations.
It will be needed soon: Gräser’s single division attempt to take
Slawharad ended in ignominy. Had he had another division to assist, while he may not have succeeded, it is likely that his losses would have been less. There seems no reason that Rittau’s experiment in
Pryluky will end differently.
Pinned down in a ditch, like most of Gräser’s men these soldiers were unable to advance far into Slawharad
A very interesting situation arose sometime during the night: a mutual attack. From Vesele, Khetagurov has attacked General Sturm in
Ivanivka. Simultaneously Sturm has ordered 78th Sturm Division to attack Abramovitch in
Yakymivka. Can Sturm defend and attack at the same time, with only his one division? It seems unlikely, but we will have to wait and see.
The to-and-fro on the eastern boundary of our advance continued. This time it was “to”, with a victory to the north (
Dukovshchina) and to the south (
Ordzhonikidze) of the Pripyat marshes. Though 700 kilometres apart, the victories were very similar: both single divisions against smaller Soviet formations. To my dismay, the similarity extended to the results. In both we lost far more men than did the Red Army.
My quiet consideration of the progress of the campaign was interrupted by the telephone: the switchboard had a call from the headquarters of SS Panzergrenadier Division “Das Reich”. In seconds I heard Werner’s voice, much more clearly this time.
“Look, things are moving quickly here. I have come back to Keppler’s headquarters because both Gretchen and I got the impression that the tempo had been increasing, and we were right. The final assault will be launched in just a few days, definitely before the end of the month. The thousands of men from shattered units that had filled the gaps between the two NKVD Rifle divisions in the city have just evaporated. The pounding they had taken was just too much. So when the attack comes it will be at five to one in our favour: about 125,000 men from seven divisions against less than 25,000 enemy. Not counting the Luftwaffe and the Kriegsmarine.
But you should know that Keppler’s handling of this siege has been amazing. We interviewed him for my “Signal” article and he is very impressive. Of course he has the War Merit and Military Merit medals, but he is a master at battles and engineering, a logistical genius, and a lot more beside. Did I mention he is a master of dealing with fortresses?
Anyway, have to run. We’ve managed to get a ride on an ammunition truck heading to Sturmgeschutz Abteilung “Reich”: my chance to see these famed “Tiger” Jagdpanzers as they prepare to move in for the kill. I’ve arranged for you to get a copy of Keppler’s troop dispositions – will follow up from the front when I can.”
I’ve noticed that Werner has developed a bad habit of hanging up before I can ask him any questions. It is getting quite annoying.
While waiting for the documents to arrive (it should only take a day or so – the VVS is not able to interrupt the regular mail, medical and officer transfer flights to the front) it was back to more mundane events. “Siegfried” did not match its heroic name, retreating from
Berezivka in the face of the 30,000 strong 6th Guards Rovno. We won
Pryluky, Rittau able to defeat twice his numbers without bleeding his own units. Luckily he will never know of my lack of faith in his ability.
The Guards relax after their victory in Berezivka: the Kremlin makes sure that the world knows of Russian victories
General Giovanelli is in a panic in
Demidov. He fears 9th Motorised Infantry Division “Pasubio” will be overrun by Avdeev’s 7th Guards and 3rd Tankovaya Divisions. On past performance, he has good grounds for his concern. In the south, near
Odessa, the tussle for
Berezanka has begun again, as the Slovakian SS takes on 4th Mechanised Brigade.
The last battle of the day, Belov’s attack on
Velizh, seemed just one more like the rest, but when looking at the details, I started to get an uneasy feeling. I needed to get a big picture view.
Locking my office, I made my way down the corridors to the small and undistinguished (but securely locked) door that led down to my private planning room deep below the Reichskanzlei. It had been some time since I had been down this way, but apart from a few cobwebs it showed no signs of my neglect. The powerful overhead light flicked into operation immediately, and the huge relief map of Europe was revealed.
It took me a few minutes to bring the map up to date (depressing in a way: the front line had not moved all that far). But then I could see the situation north of Smolensk in its entirety. Stavka has not been making random attacks: there is a clear objective.
Dukovshchina, held by Krüger’s 345.ID (mot), is under threat of being cut off. Is Hoth aware of this? It was too late to arrange for a suitably approved message – it would have to wait for the morning.
Dukovshchina: the trap is set
The Partisan Suppression research project delivered their report on Monday morning. It was gratefully accepted, as our lack of troops has started to cause a few problems in the rear areas. Nothing we can’t handle, but we would not like it to get any worse. Anything to improve the efficiency of the garrisons and police units is welcome. Still no new projects authorised. We are struggling to maintain officer numbers at three quarters of the required level, let alone what we would desire.
Another new division was despatched to
Zhytomyr, to join VI Armeekorps. Grasser must cool his heels, eager as he is to get his new command into action. Getting his men into condition to actually engage in combat will be some time. Göring was able to grab a few factories to manufacture a “Würger” geschwader, but the rest of the released capacity will be used to start a new panzer division. It will not arrive until the middle of next year, but nobody expects the war to be over by then.
Our existing panzers are not able to be used properly, many of them forced to defend rather than be used to smash through the enemy lines. An example was soon at hand, as Kirchner’s 14.PzD braced to withstand Ermakov’s Guards, cavalry and tanks in
Bobrovytsya. The other attack was much more interesting, as 50th SS-Freiwilligen ID “Teufel” attacked the mass of irregular Russian soldiers who are the only thing preventing us from linking up with our Finnish allies.
Kivennapa will not prove much of an obstacle: the elite SS against Opolchniye, remnants and NKVD detachments.
Unfortunately my warning to Panzerarmee Hoth was never sent. Overnight the trap was sprung,
Demidov falling to the combined arms of General Avdeev. A counter-attack is essential, but does Hoth have any unit nearby that is capable of offensive action? He cannot seek help from List: Moskva Armee is already under pressure, as Fischer attempts to hold
Peno with I.R.D.G. against nearly 90,000 enemy soldiers and heavy tanks.
There were mixed results from north of
Leningrad. The SS were punished in
Valkjärvi but the rabble in
Kivennapa broke after only a few skirmishes. The important thing is that now we have an overland route to
Helsinki. Our Finnish allies have little to fear. Any concerted push for the Finnish capital will meet more than lightly armed soldiers: we can intervene. The fall of
Kivennapa prompted another suicidal attack on
Osinovets, a single pioneer brigade against 22nd Luftlande Division. (The SS Polizei Division is withdrawing for rest and repair).
Not long after, the Red Army attempted another “mission impossible” as Yermatov’s 90th Tankovaya flung itself at
Demjansk, held by 50.ID with Panzerabteilung (z.b.V) 40 backing it up. Even the attack on
Borodjanka was likely to be dismissed as a ill-thought out stunt, an international brigade with some mechanised units against Lindig’s 7.ID. Only in
Brovary did the Red Army display its strength, as three armour divisions spearheaded a deep thrust at Kullmer’s tired and dispirited defenders. Our plan to take back
Dniprodzerzhynsk was not quite in the same league, but Hell does have a two to one advantage over Lopatin. He is not overconfident, but if he fails there will be some serious questions for him to answer.
As the day closed, another part of the
Dukovshchina trap fell into place. Despite a valiant battle, Rendulic had to withdraw from
Golynski, his men too exhausted to face another day’s battle. Krüger is on his own.
There was a last piece of good news: the plan for the assault on Leningrad was delivered in a satchel secured with some impressive seals. Werner is right: Keppler seems to be the man for the job. This attack is certain to succeed, and the Baltic will be ours.
The assault on Leningrad: the master plan
(to be continued)