I'm asking from a cultural perspective. I started in Galicia, which makes a natural goal to expand south and eventually form Portugal. However, the cultures are completely different. Is this really what Portuguese is? To me it looks more like French. But regardless, it's very different than Galician and also doesn't make sense for the type of terrain (hilly and coastal). I go from Spiritual to Bellicose and lose all my trade and hill buildings - for just a bunch of martial stuff?
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Do not make any sense, specially from cultural perspective, and as someone said before, is one of the things that should have been re-done in the last dlc's.
Neither do politically, the portuguese kingdom exist quite before Afonso Henriques war against her mother Tersia/Tareixa whatever.
POLITICALLY:
The first King bearing the title of King of Portugal was probably Garcia II of Galiza, is recorded that his tomb epitaph call himslef "King of Portugal and Galiza", which is quite common in this era as the kings normally elevated his lesser titles to Kingdoms (the king of Navarre was King of Najera and Pamplona, the King of Aragón was also of Ribagorça and Sobrabe etc.). Despite the epitaph being destroyed, the recorded is normally regarder text as "true", as later Pope Paschal recognised Tarasia Afonses (in exchange of replacing the Mozarabic rite by the Greagorian one) Queen of Portugal. Then, the "independence" war of Portugal was a civil war between galicians, those of the lesser nobility, moçarabs and Braga church (sacked by Santiago bishop a few years before to be "upgraded" to archbishop, robbing also to Braga some of the church holdings in that way) around Afonso Henriques (Son of Taresia), against the major house of galicia, the Trava, the mother of Afonso Henriques, at that point countess Tarasia of Portugal (and lover of the head of the Trava's) and Santiago church around Afonso VII, King of Galicia (as first title) and "Emperor" in Galicia, Leon and Castille. So, a culture borning from a civil war.., meh...
CULTURALLY:
Neither do, the first written document in galician-portuguese is from around 1175 (Pacto de Gomes Paes e Ramiro Paes), of course split the culture even before we have the first written document is extrange. I'm native speaker of both modern "languages", despite a few phonetic changes and specific dialects and internal regional differences (Coimbra portuguese is different from Porto one as Braga's one is different from Algarve, as Coruña's galician is diferent from Limian galician), is the same language. I also lived in both places, and is the same culture (as far u go to the north more conservative is the people and the use of obscenities in the speaking language increase (mythical caralho)). The main difference is that galician variety is written in a castillian derived script from 1980, while portuguese use the original script with the last reform around 2011 if I'm not wrong. By the way the main lexical and phonetic differences come from 19th century (far away from CK3); other cultural traits, food, traditional music, romances and traditional tales are the same, even the way of life and timing still really similar. And that is 2023.
During the Middle Ages the culture was obviously regarded as the same, the families from one side of the Minho river cross to the other all the time, in fact the noble families from portugal are almost all galicians from 4 periods (early reconquest 9-10 centuries, Afonso Henriques independence (12th century), galician-castillian wars between late 13th to late 14th centuries, and last late 15th century with castillian civil war) . The language was indistinctly called as galician, portuguese, romance etc.
Of course we had foreign dinasties, as another guy say, but those dinasties were present in both areas, the french dinsaty he said was first seen in Galicia as Raimund of Borgonha was the father of Afonso VII, Count of Galiza and husband of Urraca I, Henry of Borgonha, father of Afonso Henriques was instead a relative of other branch of the extensive Borgonha family, both arriving to the peninsula as allies against musolim powers expecting to get lands and favorable marriages (which they did as one was awarded with Galiza, the other with Portucale, and both with the hands of the king's daughters). So no differences there; we also have english houses, Lancastre (Lancaster) and even hungarian ones, which is certanly common in middle ages.
So conclusion, the split make no sense under any point of view, why they do like that, personally I've no idea, but I hope one day they will seriously rework cultures in the game.
About other comments:
"Galician culture reflects the not very lasting kingdoms of early medieval, and Portuguese nearly renacentist."
1) 11/12 centuries are not renaisance start.
2) Galicia reflect not lasting kingdoms; the so called "kingdom of Asturias" was mainly called Kingdom of gallaecia and have legal and ideological origins in the Suevic Gallaecian kingdom (5th century), the title "kingdom of asturias" is a very unused title that came to prominence due in 19th and 20th centuries, spanish nationalists as Menendez Pidal decided that "Galicia" was not a nationalistic spanish term because there was spoken another language, regarded as a portuguese variety. Galician kingdom was oficially disolved in 1833, after 1400 years of history, so no lasting kindoms, not at all.
"Galicia was more rural, hilly interior, with small monasteries and communities and a long sea tradition"
1) Exactly as Portugal, removing Algarve and Alentejo.
"Portugal flourished with great temples (see Batalha) and a fierce Reconquista towards south (Lisbon 1147, Algarve 1249, and beyond Ceuta 1415). Chivalry would have a disastrous ending in 1578, with the young king Sebastian and most of the nobility being killed in a foolish incursion against Morocco."
1) Galicia had great temples, Santiago, Tui, Mondoñedo, Ourense, Sobrado dos Monxes, Armenteira etc.
2) Of course galicia had no further reconquista after 12 century as the its south was cuted from it and already chrisitian. Despite that reconquista will continue throw Leonese frontier to Seville (Galicia-León kingdom, and yes, both titles together until around 1260 even 1300s.
3) Chilvary, exactly what happened to Vermudo II of Galicia (nor Leon nor Asturias, those titles were not used in that period) against castillian and navarres in Tamarón.
Templar orders
1) Were present also in Galicia, even the Portuguese one, the "Orde de Christo", having even galician leaders (Nuno Freire de Andrade).
Yes it makes sense because there is french nobility coming on and merking with the local
1) As I said, Borgonha house came at the same time to all the North Western Iberian Christian Kingddoms, not only to Portugal.
In general terms most of comments born from a lack of knowledge of History, specially galician one, and regaring mythical and stereotipical intentionally selected passages of very generic history.
Honestly, as said before, the split makes cero sense, and if anyone say anything about they are written different, is because ck3 is using 21 century writting rules from both modern varieties, that would happen also if we take arab script turkish and latin script turkish, are because of that diferent languages?, NO.