Historically, a lot of ships as I recall were delayed by awaiting for new guns and turrets to become avaliable, by sorting out reliability issues of the innovative engines etc. Sticking to already proven solutions then might/should provide a construction speed bonus. As usual, I dare summon @Axe99 for proving me wrong
Sorry, busy week - thanks for the tag, and an interesting discussion

And there's no proving wrong to be had, you're on the money

Only issue I can see is more design/development-resources based (ie, big changes are big changes, and so involve lots of resources and not small amount of bug/design risk).
My personal solution though would be allowing +5 slots allocated for each ship once at war, but the efficiency of each added one would drop by say 10-15%, i.e. the last one would contribute only half to quarter of its normal IC output. This way we could have an option of switching from efficient peacetime construction in parallel to wartime rushed churning, using both as we see fit.
In case useful context, a lot of the increased dockyard speed during wartime was through working extra shifts (ie, having the dockyard run 24/7) - so there's certainly scope to increase productivity. However, it was through applying more people, rather than using more of the dockyard for a ship.
@Casko 's suggestion best represents this I reckon. The same could well apply to military factories (which iirc do get differential bonuses/reduced maluses from economic laws).
However, what I find disturbing is that wartime shipbuilding is no different to peacetime one, and all we have is the same slot allocation gradually covering that full cost. No cutting corners, no usage of existing left-overs or prebuilt stuff. Hell, we can't even switch designs midway to accomodate new modules once they unlock even if it's just a radar. Really?..
Fully agree - sensors and close-in AA definitely changed during time in dockyard hands. Other things were less likely, but not impossible (but often quite expensive in terms of industrial resources and time).
Maybe you could have some way of accounting for the need for periodic refits. IRL ships need periods in dock every so many years/miles for overhauls of key systems. This would give you a reason to undergo major work anyway.
This would be cool - working up is good
So youd probably end up with a quantity over quality thing in game, even though (as I understand it) naval research advances in real life were particularly sensitive to quality based improvements. Ie a ship based on 5+ year old tech would have not only lost to but wouldve been completely outclassed by a more advanced version of that same class of ship.
This depends a lot on which five years and what's changed. The 'radar revolution' was huge - so a ship in gunnery duel without reliable radar versus one with reliable radar is at a huge disadvantage. But the relative improvements in gunnery, for example, where much less - so a 4.7in destroyer gun from WW1 wasn't that much behind a more modern 4.7in destroyer gun from WW2. Subdivision and armour also improved between the two world wars, but again not so much that WW1 vessels were irrelevant - the modernised
Queen Elizabeth and
Valiant were still valuable ships - not as effective as a Littorio or a Bismarck, but also given they were significantly lighter in terms of size/tonnage, surprisingly competitive.
Nelson and
Rodney, from the 1920s, were armed and armoured in a way that was quite competitive with the early 1940s battleships (but suffered when it came to speed and AA defences).
In many cases, the difference between 1935 and 1940 destroyers, for example (assuming same tonnage) was negligible. On the other hand, those same 1935 destroyers would have a substantial advantage in a gunnery duel over the 1940 destroyers if the 1935 destroyers had reliable radar-directed fire control, and the 1940 destroyers did not.
You could even refit suitable ships with bigger and better guns once the tech is available just like the Japanese did with their heavy cruisers.
It's important to note that (IIRC) the
Mogamis were built with this in mind (as were the
Scharnhorsts). Things like barbette diameter, ammunition supply, weight distribution and so on are significantly affected by a change in main armament - and the hull needs to be strong enough to take the higher stresses of more powerful guns. If it's built with it ready to go, then it's alright, but otherwise it can be a quite expensive overhaul. It makes sense for relatively modern ships like the two classes mentioned, as they were otherwise very modern ships, but regunning WW1-era capital ships, for example, would be a very expensive and costly undertaking.