No, Poles in Prussia will not rise to get slaughtered by the Prussian army just because Austria is the middle of a revolution.
I'm not saying it should automatically trigger an uprising, but those Polish POPs should definitely be getting consciousness and militancy from their brethren across the border getting piled on by Russian and Austrian troops (could be tied to Prussia's diplomatic stance, also - if Prussia is historically chummy with St. Petersburg, their Polish population should take a dim view of their government's apparent support for the slaughter).
I also doubt that Prussia and Austria would sit around and wait for an independent Poland, so this would give some incentive to the player to do something about the situation - redeploy troops, at least.