Ok Lets have a History Lesson.
1) there is no such thing as Scandinavian Culture. The Phrase Scandinavian is better described as the dominions of Kalmr, Skåne, or Scania in Latin.
So Called Danish Culture is formed of Many Sub Cultures Be it Danes, Jutes ( now of Kent), Angles, Saxons, Vendsyssel, dominated by that of Sjaelland, who pushed the afore out more often than not.
Slesvig is definitely of Danish culture, (as is the area around Skåne/ Lund), with Hedeby (at least as early as 900AD) forming the centre of trade and an important land bridge (Drag boats across) between the Baltic and North Sea, to enable trade between the important centres of what is now Lund, Roskilde, Trelleborg, Fyrkat, Aalborg, to the Low lands etc. We even built a Wall remember?
Holstien stems from a dynastic break-off from Slesvig.
Subjugation of the Wends, should be noted... they were essentially Wiped out, at great cost. which left a population vacuum filled in part by People from Friisian, Holland, and Vestphalia, (hence Hamborg and Lubeck), as well as Danes.
The debts encountered presented possessions of Danish soil in the area to the Counts of Holstien (stillunder Danish feudal Rule).
Remember that in Ca 1200 Denmark ruled over Most of the Southern Baltic Coast, Estland (Estonia).
These debts are the basis of the then Slesvig and Holstien being separate. Bear in mind that the area was was continually divided in numerous ways. At the start of the Game Slesvig was Danish, and I fail to understand why Holstien as such is not a Vassel of Denamark?
it was only in 1658 that the are was forced (by truce) away from Denmark. Remember here that it was only foreign intervention that prevented Denmark holding all (the then) Swedish territories south of Hamburg.
the areas true cultural separation should be post Napolionc
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Ok About Denmarks in Game Plight.
I would agree that other regional cultures are needed. German as a Culture is relatively New in game terms, and still is IMO.
Slesvig Holstien, should be a Danish Vassal with the same culture as Denmark, under German State rule. Any rebellion there would render Slesvig Holstien reverting to Denmark.
In 1419 Denmark should be More than Capable to Subjugate Sweden (Militarily). Even at the time of Sweden's Glory years Denmark should hold her own in the area.
Further Denmark should be strong enough the Regain all her Baltic Possessions. What prevents her from this should be desire faced with a Merchant state alliance. as individuals they would have stood little chance, but together they kept Denmark from her ambitions.
Diplomatic And Dynastic relations.
It seems that it has been Conveniently forgotten Just how well Denmark was connected Dynastically!! While Sweden would be described as Nuvo riche, Denmark has a Dynasty that remains the oldest existing line. Her Royal ties were extensive, and remain the most extensive still.
It was Capitalism and The Merchant state that ended these ties and not some other form of decline.
Denmark should have (historically) some of the best diplomatic skills in game. As such having huge influence in Northern Europe. As a Nation her intent should be a Mercantile one and not an expansionist on in the games Time frame.
Solution. Make Denmark more than able to hold of Sweden and give her no desire to expand unless provoked.
Her land tech should easily a match for all but Spain, and her naval tech above all others in 1419.
How did she fund this? Through Trade, the sound due, and Royal connections.
I'm more than Happy with the strength of Sweden, but perturbed at the poor diplomatic links and relations of Denmark in the area.
Sjaelland should have a regionally dominating income at the games start (outgrown by others latter, much latter), it did/ dose after all form the basis of the oldest kingdom on earth, the unification of the Danish Kingdom, and the ability of Denmark to remain as it is today. The reality is that At no point in time would Denmark have been allowed to NOT exist.
As such if invaded she should be given allies. England, Russia, Holland, and even France if needed. A sort of Don't you dare expand but woe betide any who dare attack her.
I do agree with Denmark having a cocktail of Cultures, Because that is essentially exactly what she is, a unified Cocktail.
oh and lets have a Norman, Saxon & Gothic culture to boot.