The Three Years War, Part I
"Dengang jeg drog af sted,
dengang jeg drog af sted,
min pige ville med,
ja, min pige ville med.
Det kan du ej, min ven,
jeg går i krigen hen,
og hvis jeg ikke falder, kommer jeg nok hjem igen.
Ja, var der ingen fare, så blev jeg her hos dig,
men alle Danmarks piger, de stole nu på mig.
Og derfor vil jeg slås som tapper landsoldat.
Hurra, hurra, hurra!"
(First verse from the Danish marching song "Dengang Jeg Drog Afsted")
The Prussian Army which was aided by many smaller German states, quickly advanced into Denmark and Lauenburg was under complete Prussian control by the start of November. The Prussian Army proceeded to march into Holstein, where they were welcomed by many German inhabitants. But the luck of the Prussian Army was about to run out.
The Battles of Schmalensee and Trittau
A Danish Dragoon
The Danish Army which was now under the command of Gen. Julius Christian de Meza had prepared to ambush the Prussians near Schmalensee, a small village close to Bornhöved - Where the great King Valdemar II 'The Victorious' had suffered a decisive defeat 600 years before. On the 22nd of November the Prussian Army under the command of Heinrich Cordemann was spotted near Schmalensee. The Danish Artillery opened fire at 1:00 AM, 23rd of November, taking the Prussians by surprise. After a short artillery bombardment of the Prussian lines, the Danish Cavalry was ordered to charge, seperating a small part of the Prussian Army. The Jyske Regiment Lette Dragoner performed excellent during this charge, capturing seven Prussian standards. After the succesful charge, de Meza proceeded by ordering his infantry to move forward towards the now disorganised Prussian lines. The battle then turned into a bloody line battle, where the Prussian Gen. Cordemann struggled in vain to get his infantry in line formation, and by 6:00 AM the Prussian Army was completely routed.
The Prussians retreated to Trittau, where a Hamburgian General by the name of Hasso von Roon was appointed head of the Coalition army, replacing Gen. Cordemann. The Danish Army had been following the Prussians, giving them little time to rest, and on the 10th of December de Meza engaged the Coalition forces at Trittau. The Battle of Trittau was as crushing as it was brief. The Coalition had suffered 8200 casualties, while the Danes had only suffered 1500. De Meza had effectively expelled the Coalition from Holstein and Lauenburg.
Left - The Battle of Schmalensee, Right - The Battle of Trittau
The Battle of Hamburg
Gen. de Meza, Gen. Bülow and Gen. von Krogh inspecting the Danish Infantry
The Coalition Army now found itself retreating to Gen. von Roon's native town of Hamburg, one of the greatest cities in all of Germany. After suffering many casualties, the Coalition forces now also found themselves outnumbered by the Danes for the first time. The battle commenced at 5:00 AM, on the 29th of December, when Gen. von Krogh who commanded the Danish left flank started advancing towards the Prussian lines, while Gen. Bülow and the Danish right flank attacked the Hamburgian lines. De Meza held his men in reserve, ready to support either flank. The Prussian line was routed rather quickly, but the Hamburgians proved to be a worthy foe. At 9:00 AM the Hamburgians went on the offensive, advancing towards Gen. Bülow in a line formation despite being outnumbered, and their allies being routed. De Meza was reported to have said "Bravo! Bravo!", applauding the Hamburgian assault. The Hamburgians were eventually routed and forced to retreat, but they had proved their worth.
The Battle of Hamburg - A Strategic Danish Victory