Good job and thanks! I just joined the fun so.. sorry if I'm a little late.
It's difficult to tell since the map is not exactly what you'd call accurate and it doesn't relate much to any political organization ever existing in the zone but I guess I could make a few additions and corrections regarding colonies in South America:
Chile is particularly badly represented in the map.
Arica [172] Well, actually Arica is located north of Iquique (Moquega?). Province names seem right according to cities (except for Talca) but probably a little bit displaced to the south so probably we shouldn't mind the name of the provinces. Antofagasta seems about right at those latitudes, although it is a coastal city.
ATACAMA [173] - Inca, dS 1536, cS 1536 Valparaiso
Atacama [173] Called Valparaiso is debatable. Valparaiso is obviously not in the Atacama desert. Easily 500 km. to the south. However, judging by the relative location of the other cities, one could say the latitude would be right for Valparaiso. Valparaiso is a coastal city, the most important port of Chile, but Atacama is not a coastal province and judging by the location of the town I'd probably go with Santiago (founded in 1541). It's the capital and it's been the administrative center of Chile during and since the colonial times.
COQUIMBO [174] – Inca, dS 1552, cS 1552 Valdivia (not La Serena)
Coquimbo [174] Following the same reasoning (latitude), I'd locate Concepcion there (founded in 1550)
Valparaiso [175] I'd put Valdivia here. Founded in 1552 with the name of Santa Maria La Blanca. Destroyed by natives in 1599, reconstructed by a Dutch expedition in 1643, repopulated and renamed Valdivia by Peru's Viceroy in 1645.
Displace San Carlos de Ancud to Talca [176]
Now to the east (my country)...
Where to start?
Ok, Tucuman [219] seems right... Not many Incas here by the time. I think the Inca empire is a little overextended to th south in the game. Anyway, San Miguel de Tucuman was founded in 1565. A few towns were founded in the zone before but none of them prospered.
JUJUY [220] dS 1544, dP 1585 – No Settlement. Despite being listed in the Spanish
Jujuy [220] Here we have a little problem with the map again. I don't know how they came up with this name being east of Tucuman. With some imagination we could locate Santiago del Estero here (founded 1553), although this city is relatively close to San Miguel de Tucuman and there were no more towns to the immediate east.
CORRIENTES [221] dS 1545, cS 1573, dP 1580 Cordoba
Corrientes [221] There's no way, no how Cordoba could be located here, sorry. Cordoba is south of S.M. de Tucuman. Terra Incognita according to the game, something I don't understand since there were many many cities in that zone since the 1560s. Anyway, One could put Corrientes here (founded in 1588) only it's on the other side of the Parana river (the river in the map). Actually, Resistencia is on this side of the river but it wasn't founded until 1875 or so. Maybe leaving this zone without a settlement would do.
NEEMBUCU [218] dS 1526, dP 1536, cS 1536 Asunción (not Ascuncion)
Neembucu [218] Oh Oh, Asunción just doesn't seem completely right there. It's up north (Terra Incognita again), but it's a shame to leave it out, one could make an exception. It was the most important city of the region until Buenos Aires was re-founded in 1580.
PARANA [217] dS 1526, dP 1555, cP 1683 Colonia do Sacramento (must be added to the Portugal colonynames list), cS 1705 Colonia do Sacramento (not just Colonia), cP 1715, cS 1750, cP 1762, cS 1777 Colonia de Sacramento
Parana [217] Colonia do Sacramento was founded by the Portuguese in 1680, not 1683. It was a fort equiped with artillery. Spain captured it almost immediately and destroyed most of it. Spain had it until 1683 when it was given back to Portugal again and then the history goes as described.
The Falklands [230] It's not confirmed but some investigators say they were first discovered by Esteban Gomez ( a portuguese who deserted Magellan's expedition when they got to Magellan's strait) in 1520 and were later navigated but not explored by the Dutch in 1600.
Ok, I probably bored you to death with this, that's all I had to add for the moment. I'm Outta here.