The argument is that in order to develop technology in any kind of time efficient manenr you need certain philosophical advancements (the scientific methic for an example requires you to question authority) that would seem to lead directly to some sociological advancements too.
Well the most authoritarian government forms emergent after the scientific method in addition there is no proof that technological progress leads to different socioligcal "advancements" ( so far the west got more liberal, as well as lots of Asian countries, although you could argue that countries like Japan were very liberal when it came to sexuality to begin with etc. I put the term advancement in quotes cause we usually mean liberal and I do prefer liberal social structures, but they are not a modern invention so I wouldn't say advancement ). The Soviet Union as well as Nazi-Germany had great scientific advancements, they repressed certain science-branches, but they overall had great academics when it came to military & nature sciences.
I do fully agree that we shouldn't apply human standards to alien life. As you said we can imagine life truly alien to our definitions, hence applying our definitions is somewhat absurd.
IIRC the only thing universally applicable to life-forms is, unless they are born post-scarcity ( and even if they are born post-scarcity they likely evolved to adapt for scarcity ) is domineering behaviour. Hawkings talked about this, and I do disagree with a lot of his views on A.I f.E, but this makes fully sense to survive in an enviroment of scarce ressources you have to compete. No one says competition has to be lethal, but domineering behaviour is likely. Unless if course we are talking about Boltzmann-brains, which kind of negates everything I said. But races with multiple individuals which used to be tribal or a variation thereof are likely competitive in nature and this is usually lethal towards other species.
Remember the last time you negotiated with ants in your backyard? No? Me neither.