"The Usaian"? You mean Fahrenheit? He was German, but moved to the Dutch Republic as a teenager and did his work there. First published the scale in 1724.
Both Celsius and Fahrenheit used water. They were developing temperature scales, so one goal was to have scientists in other countries able to replicate the reference points with reasonably obtainable materials. Since in the early 18th century, it wasn't that easy to purify water, Fahrenheit took the opposite route and specified a saturated mixture as the reference. He suggested in his original paper that you might use sea salt if you couldn't get ammonium chloride.
Either way, the salt lowers the freezing point of water, thus driving down the lowest point which was easily reachable, making the thermometer useful over a wider range, as well as the water having an obvious indication when you reach that lowest point. (The salt water freezes.) That lowest reachable point was defined as 0. The freezing point of (hopefully) pure water, higher than salt water, was defined as 30 F. Fahrenheit originally used human body temperature as the other end of the scale, assigning that point 90 F. (He took temperatures with a thermometer under the arm.) Then, just to make thermometers easier to make (everyone had to make their own back then), Fahrenheit put the final twist on the scale to label freezing as 32 and body temperature 96. That way, there were exactly 64 intervals between the two reference points, so you could divide the scale exactly in half repeatedly to get accurate markings for individual degrees. It's easy to bisect a line with compass and straightedge; much harder to divide it into tenths. The lower part of the scale, 32 degrees, was also a power of two. (Creating the actual "ruler" is the point here. It's not like there was another one to copy, because the point of the science was inventing a way to measure it in the first place. Nor was it a world of precision manufacture where you could assume your second thermometer expanded exactly as much as the first one, and so just copied one scale.)
After using Fahrenheit's scale, other scientists doing temperature measurement work reported that water boiled at about 180 F above its freezing point. So, Fahrenheit redefined the endpoints to make freezing salt water 0 and the boiling point exactly 180 F. He liked having a nice composite number that could easily be divided into halves, thirds, fourths, fifths, etc, all without fractions. (Much like the 60 seconds in a minute, 360 degrees in a circle scales still used in time or angular measure.)
Celsius was Swedish, and did his work about twenty years later. He was well aware of Fahrenheit's efforts. He was a fan of 100 as a convenient base rather than 180, so he defined his scale so that 100 was the freezing point and 0 the boiling point. Yes, you read that right; lower temperatures had higher numbers. It only took a couple of years for other scientists to invert that scale so that 0 was freezing and 100 boiling. There were actually a fair number of scientists using 100-degree scales at that point; for a while there, making thermometers was the cool new high-tech trend. "Higher number = hotter" won out over Celsius' original numbering scheme. Celsius had also done some work showing how the boiling point of water varied with atmospheric pressure, so he added the requirement that the reference points be determined at mean barometric pressure at mean sea level, a nice touch for improving the precision of the upper end, if not particularly convenient for his non-coastal fellows.
Both Fahrenheit and Celsius used the same material, water, and for the same reason. It was readily available to other scientists that would be interested in replicating their work, with freezing and boiling points that were within the range of simple and available technology, like "fire".