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Feb 24, 2003
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Landon Time Line

If Roosevelt is close to wrapped up, then a hypothetical Landon presidency begs a closer look. I scripted an event tree for that and gave it an initial run.

Mettermrck, I apologize, the only thing I slept was your "Just and Fair Deal".

The premise here followed the alternate election explanation of a WPA scandal handing Landon the election. My estimate is that Landon would have a possible working majority in the House between southern Democrats and Republicans, but a minority in the Senate. (I should double check the Senate composition in 1936, but historically, it was about 75% Democrat. with the staggered election of US senators, Landon would be lucky to have 35 Republican senators.). Between that and Landon's reputation as the second coming of Calvin Coolidge, I figured that instead of a big comprehensive counter-program what would have happened was a "death of a thousand cuts" for the New Deal. So there is a series of events where the Court invalidates New Deal legislation (just inverting the result of the historical decisions after the "Court packing" gambit scared two justices into upholding the New Deal). There is also some tax cutting - what would Republicans do for policy if they didn't have tax cuts - to roll back but not completely reverse the changes since 1929. The economic benefits of the "Just and Fair Deal" re-appeared in an "Economy Takes Off" event for the fall of 1938 that lagged the tax cuts by about a year.

The other point that still needs some work is the foreign policy. Here I give the player a choice in August of 1937 to select a Landon Administration foreign policy.
A) Hemispheric Hegemony - big navy, defend the Western Hemisphere, disengage from China and try to negotiate an accomodation with Japan.
B) Broad Shoulders - The second coming of Teddy Roosevelt - big WE boost, slight dissent increase, defend Versailles Treaty and China.
C) Isolationist - Let China go, accomodate German revisionism of Versailles, arms cause wars so severe WE penalties, etc.

So far, I've set up an event chain under A&C where the USA tries to broker a peace in China and a mini-Great White Fleet tour of Pacific capitals under Option B to show the flag and irritate the Japanese. There are also some incomplete events for free trade agreements in Latin America under Option A that would start to dismantle Smoot-Hawley and build on some of the historical agreements that Roosevelt negotiated - which Ghost_dk put into his Pol_Pack.

Anyway, the initial test run just to check out the main tax and foreign policy events ran into a timid Hitler. I selected the TR2 option as a maximum case for the USA. No absorption of Czechoslovakia and no conquest of Poland. So a bunch of events that trigger from a rampaging Germany didn't fire. The USA ended up with 1300 IC but a WE less than 70% by 1/1/42. Consequently, the navy and army were bit below historical.

Fortunately, I have a spring of 1939 save so I can restart from there and see what happens if a shooting war starts in Europe.
 

Chaplain

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Wow!

Sounds like really great work, Engineer. Thanks! I would agree 100% with your estimate of outcomes in a Landon election. Obviously you've done your homework. My question is, what would prompt a human player (or maybe you're only thinking AI) to select Option 3 (accommodate German revision of Versailles)? Seems like this would be self-defeating.

Just curious.
 
Feb 24, 2003
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Landon Foreign Policy

Thanks, Chaplain. The three principle reasons for the Versailles Option are:

1) A pretty large body of opinion held it so it needs to be possible choice even if it serves to handicap the USA.

2) By putting it as the "C" choice the AI won't take it often.

3) BECAUSE it handicaps the USA, it is there for a human player to give himself (or herself) a bigger challenge in the game.

In a way it parallels JRaup's idea about conventions to select the candidates only this is post-election as the various foreign policy factions jockey to capture a president's choice, especially one who largely defined himself on domestic issues in the electoral campaign. There have been more than a few instances of this over the years in US history.
 
Feb 24, 2003
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Wilkie

It will probably take me through Christmas to tidy up the Roosevelt and Landon. Later this week I'll get summaries of the events over onto V0.7 WIP. However, if you wanted to dive into Wilkie right away, that would be fine.

If you have some sources for original speeches by the principals that would be good, too. I'm afraid my Landon's rhetoric ends up as a cross between Churchill and Reagan, but I never read any of his original speeches to get a flavor for his style of rhetoric. I suspect I'm hitting the wrong tone for a Kansan oilman - maybe I need to reread by Dubya . . . .
 
Feb 24, 2003
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Thanks, the social security speech was spooky. It sounded like Reagan on domestic policy. But I think the key was in the Time citation that suggested that Washington's Farewell Address distills his ideas on foreign policy. That is worth a second look.

It does spark some ideas to liven up the event tree with some Kansan color.
 

ArmdChair

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Odd, but the more I read about the 1930's the more that most of it sounds a lot like today. Not specific events of course, but more generic ideas like labor-management relations, or Republican vs. Deomcrat political thought. The fruit doesn't seem to fall too far from the tree, if you know what I mean.
 

Mettermrck

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So how many potential presidential races (and thus opponent conventions are there)?

1936:
Roosevelt versus (Landon or ?)

1940:
Roosevelt versus (Wilkie or ?)
Landon versus (Smith or ?)
Taft versus (?)

1944:
Roosevelt versus (Dewey or ?)
Smith versus (Dewey or ?)
Taft versus (?)
Wilkie versus (Smith or ?)

This is a basic list off the top of my head, without access to my files. But if I can fill in the question marks, then I can contemplate writing descriptions for the presidential race and convention events.
 
Feb 24, 2003
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In 1936, the other two principal Republican candidates were Senator William Borah of Idaho and former president Herbert Hoover. Landon ran well ahead of them for the whole campaign, the logical "A" choice. Publisher Frank Knox ran a 'favorite son' campaign in Illinois.

One other twist that you might want to entertain is an "open seat" election in 1940. Roosevelt violated a strong US tradition by running for a third term that year. Landon had been invited to join Roosevelt's cabinet in the late 1930s, but his price was a "no third term" pledge from Roosevelt, which was not given. Likewise, if someone other than Roosevelt wins in 1936 and gets re-elected in 1940, there would be another "open seat" election in 1944.
 
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ArmdChair

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Ooooh. Sen. Borah was a dyed-in-the-wool leader of isolationism in the US, if I'm not mistaken. That would open up some interesting alternative paths.

Landon's running ahead of everybody else (including Roosevelt) in the "polls" during the '36 election campaign is now a textbook example of quantitative misuse of statistics (That's just an aside).

There's probably info on some other candidate that the Democrats would have proposed (instead of FDR). I just can't remember offhand. Right now, I'm trying hard to catch up on the 1930's.
 
Feb 24, 2003
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Borah

The other point about Borah is that he was 71 in 1936 and he died in 1940. If you hold to that, then you need a randomized death event for him and the possibility that his VP would inherit the White House just as the election race was starting to heat up and World War was raging.
 
Feb 24, 2003
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US Pres. Candidates

John Nance Garner of Texas was FDR's VP from 1933 to 1941. He was one FDR's top competitors for the nomination in 1932 along with Al Smith. In 1940 he was turning 72 so I don't think he is viable candidate.

Henry Wallace was FDR's VP form 1941 to 1945. I think that this puts him in the running as a potential Dem nominee. The interesting point here is that KGB records indicate that his entourage was penetrated with multiple agents and some of his potential cabinet appointee's might have been Soviet agents. Yikes!

Senator Arthur Vandenberg (R) ran as a favorite son from Michigan in 1936. I don't recall if he made a determined run in 1940 or not
 
Feb 24, 2003
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Depression Mod & Landon Event Trees

I went into the Wiki and reserved the official event ID's for these two event trees. Some of them can certainly be incorporated into alternate Borah, Wilkie, etc. administration event series.
 

Mettermrck

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I was reading some on Wilkie, and I didn't realize he died on October 8th, 1944. So if he had been President and running for reelection, he would've died just shy of Election Day. What a mess! :) That would make a fascinating event as the Republicans scramble to put someone up hastily? Or is his ticket elected and the vice-presidential candidate automatically moves up?
 
Feb 24, 2003
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Wilkie

I would suggest that it the Wilkie/whoever ticket would stand for election and then Whoever would be sworn in. With only four weeks until election, the filing deadlines would be long past so changing the ballots wouldn't be practical (Plus absentee ballots would have already gone out). Whoever would have to name his putative VP and campaign like no tomorrow.
 
Feb 24, 2003
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AI Brakes

I did a handsfree on the Depression mod last night. It had the full event series including Landon, with a -10% dissent bonus (AI only on 1/1/36) to keep the AI from melting down.

At 1/1/42, the USA had 94% WE, was still at peace, and had an enormous army (~100 divisions), enormous navy (24 battleships and a dozen carriers), and an enormous air force (~50 wings). The tech's were behind at sea, about right in the air, and ahead on the ground. Politically, things were nominal with no major ahistorical picks.

The good news is no melt down. I'm thinking that perhaps what I should look at is to throw in some more small AI only events to kick in a couple percent of dissent in 1940 and 1941 to slow down the AI (with triggers to make sure the USA is still at peace), and/or a pair of IC events that pull out 100 IC in 1936, and add them back in when war breaks out (again AI only). Comments?
 

ArmdChair

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All I have to say is, "How can I in on some of that Navy?!?"

Other than the size of the military, it sounds pretty good. Of course, you probably weren't asking me, were you? (note: that's a rhetorical question).;)