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No fortifications outside Europe

I like the idea of forts - maybe a few different levels, but all have to be manned by troops from Europe. Their effect should be far less than fortifications on combat. There should be NO fortifications allowed outside of Europe, aside from maybe those some of the Asian states had in place (India, China). During this time period, the Europeans simply did not have the capability or manpower to construct works along the lines of a european system of fortification in their colonies.

I say, no fortifications until the European population (ie, not including any captured or assimilated natives) reachs 5K - and even then, only level one or two.
 

merlin2199

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I am a bit discouraged by the way the subject's importance is being reduced

Regarding micromanagement, I belive that forts built in lands outside Europe should be of low resistance/troop and siege value, not cost. There should be a maintanence cost for both forts and naval bases under your flag in order to simulate the mounting cost of supplying and upkeeping such structures. Most of the forts built at the time by Europeans were mainly wooden structures which held a few hundred soldiers. There were larger ones i.e. Louisburg, but those were built over time and held under 5k troops and reached those sizes due to their strategical position. Not every fort was built of stone, cement, and iron holding large numbers of artillery batteries. This idea can be used in the game by limiting the levels forts can achieve outside both European lands and colonies and determining what technologies would allow them to be built/upgraded, and at what cost plus their drain on the royal coffers over time.

In the 1600's no fort in the Americas could possibly have had more than 500 men garrisoned within its quartes. Even the main Spanish strongholds in the Caribbean didn't exceed this number. The three forts which guarded Havana, Spain's main port and naval base in the Caribbean, totalled only 475 men fully garrisonednby the 1590's while the city itself had well over 5k inhabitants. This was due to the cost of upkeep and supply, the limited technological capabilities of colonial powers at the time, and the fact that monarchies regarded Europe as the main scenario for their conflicts; both politically and militarily. Colonies were important, but without a homeland there were no colonies. Therefore, forts were needed to safeguard them, but the wealth they produced was for the increase of the homeland's power in Europe. The colonial forts of the period served three main purposes:

1-To protect trade and national interests within the forts' influence.

2-To protect the home country's claim to the land around the forts against European intrucions, be it military or settlers i.e. Duquesne.

3-To guard against native attacks upon settlements, TP's, or trading routes withing the fort's zone of influence.

These forts were of high diplomatic value, and I suggest we think of them in that light rather than mere micromanagement. Colonial wars involved small armies whose main objective was mobility. A small fort could stop such army from wreaking havoc on another country's lands by cutting their cupply lines and severely narrowing their effective areas of operations. Again, the French and English forts in North America are a perfect example. By the 18th century the importance of these forts grew tremendously due to the rapid increase of trading revenues and wealth emanating from the colonial territories. At this moment we can think of colonial forts similar to their European counterparts in function, but never in size and power. La Cavana, in Havana, was one of this. It was so large and expensive that the King of Spain, when told of its cost replied..."get me my looking glass, a fortification this expensive should be so enourmus that I should be able to see it from Cadiz." But that large fort was built in the 1770's after the British succesfully managed to take Havana during the Seven Year's War by landing a large expeditionary force and overpowering the three antiquated forts which guarded the city.

As for naval bases, they were of equal if not greater importance. True, they were extremely important in the 19th century thanks to steam and coal, but like forts, they played a key role in the expansion and propagasion of European empires and influence. Again, I think we should think of these in diplomatic and plitical terms, not just their micromanagement and military aspects. A naval base would allow your warships to insure the safety of the seabound trade generated by TP's and colonies within the reach of the fleet stationed at such naval base, serve as supply depots for your fleets crossing across oceans, or become a permanent base from which a battle fleet would operate. True, a colony would serve the same purpose as a naval base, but at times, such a propostion was neither suitable, profitable, or appropiate. What eventually developed into the Cape Colony began as a Dutch naval base in what is now Cape Town. To stress the importance of naval bases, without the Cape base, the Dutch would be close to powerless should Portugal, with a base in Goa, natives, or Asian nations attack their TP's or settlements. Moreover, they might have not been able to even attain such a large East empire, let alone any substancial territories in the area, without this strategical base. To a naval power such as Portugal, the Netherlands, or England, naval bases were just as important, if not more so, as forts. Like forts, they would deter and check another nation's naval operations/advances. They were not just merely supply posts, but a projection and excertion of military might, and a great source of prestige to its owner as well as a constant threat to that country's rivals.

Without St. Helena the British control of their Indian interests would have been perilous at best, until they took the Cape Colony from the Dutch. With a base in that island, they could restrict and monitor their enemies' access to the South Atlantic, and thus passage into the Pacific and/or Indian Oceans; thereby restricting the shipment of supplies and troops to enemy territories. Should the French have acquired such a strategic base, the struggle in India would have been different. They did take Bourbon later own, but to get there they needed to sail past St. Helena. The same can be said for Gibraltar. It was never a province, and the Spanish gave it little importance due to its proximity to Cadiz. True, it had a large fort, but it possesed as high an importance as Plymouth. Gibraltar allowed the British to separate the main French battle fleets stationed in Brest and Toulon; which gave then great power over the North Atlantic, and consequently over the rest of the World's Oceans. It also allowed them to virtually control the Mediterranean, as well as to monitor the main Spanish port/base at nearby Cadiz. A naval base alone could be the cause of a war, as well as a fort; or at least a high priority objective. After 1704 the Spanish have entered wars with Britain wit Gibraltar as one of their primary objective. They have tried countless sieges and assaults to retake the Rock, but to no avail.

Sabotage and spy operations, even entire campaings, were planned around this bastions of power. Both played key roles in the way countries deviced their foreign and internal policies. Both were equally important as defencive tools. Both served an even greater role as agressive and offencive devices. Both were very expensive, but the prize was worth the trouble. And both were royal pains to many nations, to the point that their proliferation can be compared to an arms race. We should not just consider them in terms of the game's micromanagement mechanics, but mainly in their importantce and role within the powers' diplomacy and policy, along with their weight on European plitics. It is one of the things I missed in EUI, though I couldn't quite put my finger on it till I read this post, but I think EUII would be an even better and interesting game if these two elements are implemented. The game's depth and value would increase dramatically as a player's options and priorities and devercified. I do hope Greven and any of the guys at Paradox read this. I think it could be an integral part of this priceless jewl we call Europa Universalis.

PS. sorry I wrote so much, but I feel the subject needs a little more explanation and understanding. From what I have seen so far it has been reduced to mere micromanagement, when the two played as key roles in European affairs as did alliances and royal marriages.
 
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merlin2199

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I have history to back me up on this :D Find any book which goes into detail regarding European affairs of the time and you will find both of them. True, they had limited importance in the early stages of the game, but their importance increased drastically over time. The fact that they were small didn't reduce their importance, which I think shouldn't be a reason to omit them from the game, much less the question of how many ducats, how many troops, or were will those troops come from.
 
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Demetrios

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Re: No fortifications outside Europe

Originally posted by Effendi
I like the idea of forts - maybe a few different levels, but all have to be manned by troops from Europe. Their effect should be far less than fortifications on combat. There should be NO fortifications allowed outside of Europe, aside from maybe those some of the Asian states had in place (India, China). During this time period, the Europeans simply did not have the capability or manpower to construct works along the lines of a european system of fortification in their colonies.

I say, no fortifications until the European population (ie, not including any captured or assimilated natives) reachs 5K - and even then, only level one or two.

Unfortunately, the existence of Louisbourg in what is now Nova Scotia shows that the Europeans were able to construct massive European-style fortifications in their colonies.
 

State Machine

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I'm with Merlin

Concentrating just on North America. There were very few sophisticated fortifciations (Louisburg, Duquesne, and a couple of others, and then they were nothing compared to the scale of a typical European fortification.

And responding to Heyesey's point about TP's being univerally recognized (i.e. in Europe). No. The French and English colonial populations fought many a skirmish without any "state of war" being declared. Even the English attempts to take Fort Duquesne were mostly prior to the Seven Years War starting, and British regulars were involved! The English colonists of the Carolinas invaded Spanish Florida (and paid a very deep price for it) without any formal state of war existing.
 

unmerged(2238)

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Well, behind all these ideas, I think, lies the issue of army sizes in the new world. They weren't large. Period. You couldn't raise 4k armies nearly every colony. Colonial wars were much, much smaller affairs, and right now, in EU1, there is nothing to prevent colonial wars of 30-40k+ troops on each side, European style.
 

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thanks

I'm at work right now so I mustn't get drawn into the details but just wanted to say thanks for all of the responses so far.

And to say that I completely agree with the views that the fort should:
a) be a financial drain not a benefit - any trading would be troops buying provisions
b) be limited to what the troops could realistically build themselves in the space of a few months, therefore of only minor assistance if attacked by large numbers of natives
c) need to be supplied from home (or nearest city) and defended only by the troops you have transported there.
 

Owl

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trading posts

If we adopt the fort as the way of claiming territory the next question is what to do with trading posts.
I'd like it to be possible for more than one country to set up a TP in a non-European province, but this might be messy to implement. We wouldn't want to replicate the Centre of Trade competition system in every province but it could be simplified - say a formula based on the number of TPs and their relative levels. Say total province income of 10 ducats split 50% to France who have upgraded to a level 2 TP and 25% each to Netherlands and Spain. Ideally, the split would be weighted in accordance with each country's trade level.

The TPs would not disappear automatically if a fort was built but the fort owner might get a trading advantage (assuming of course that he also built a TP).

TPs and fort would disappear when a colony was successfully established.

Hmm .... you'd also need a menu to decide which TP you wanted to burn if you were an invader .... or perhaps you'd have to torch the lot and accept the collateral damage to your popularity.
 

unmerged(2695)

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A trading post monopolizing a province is rather silly. In West Africa as well as India the posts of all European nations were concentrated in certain small areas. In China all were in Canton.

Trade, as opposed to explitation of the natives, should be off-map, in the merchant module.

My proposal is that an inital colonization can be made by converting, say 1000 soldiers, into a fort with a popiulation of 100. Like the present trading posts this has no production value and no population growth. It has a minimal fortress, or the defensive value of 1000 infantry, and a port.

It can "trade" with the natives because it is capable of levying tribute and selling liquor. This was the way the Russians exploited Siberia.

To grow into a colony a fort must be settled by an ordinary colonist.

I don't think this will unbalance the game.

It will also make it easier for the player of Lutheran Denmark (me) to compete early in the game. It will also allow the Russians to develop Siberia prior to the 18th Century capture of ports.


PS
An early modern naval base, dockyard or arsenal, was as an elaborate affair as any moden installation, von Gerow. The Brits lost the American War because the dockyards of Antigua and Jamaica were too small to support the Royal Navy in American waters).
 

unmerged(5166)

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It's actually a simple situation to deal with. TP's are non-exclusive within a province; anyone can put one there regardless of anyone else's being present. The province has an economic value that is divided amongst the TPs with larger Level TPs getting a bigger share.

Then you bring in the troops. Building the fort costs 1000 infantry. A fort gives you exclusive rights to the province. Forts are non-upgradable but provide a defensive bonus to troops in the province and provide an attrition bonus. If all the troops are run off, the fort is burnable/razable as is the TP.

Then comes the colony/city cycle. A colony would replace the TP but not the fort - and the fort would have to be razed before the colony could be taken. City replaces the fort.

Harbors come in with the colony as before because the needs of the fort wouldn't justify more than a pier :).
 

Owl

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Good summary, Razman.
I agree with most of it except that you seem to assume that the fort has to be built by someone who has already established a trading post. I had in mind that you'd just unload the required number of troops (I agree, 1000 sounds about right) then click on a button to build the fort.

I suggest that building forts should require a certain military tech level - say 10?

The fort would then prevent anyone else claiming ownership of the territory - but would not necessarily prevent them from building trading posts. Their trading posts could stay - even be developed further - but would vanish when you upgraded to a colony (or maybe not until it became a city?)
 

merlin2199

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A testament to the importance of naval bases

"Operating across the oceans, European powers were more successful in fighting eachother than in conflict with non-Europeans. This was largely because of the dependence of colonial empires on bases and on maritime links with Europe which provided vulnerable targets, and because the units that fought other Europeans were fighting similarly armed and trained forces, even if the enviroments of conflict were unfamiliar."

Jeremy Black, "Warfare in the Age of Sail"
 

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Originally posted by Owl
I suggest that building forts should require a certain military tech level - say 10?

The forts in most colonial areas were decidely less advanced than in europe. Mostly earth and wood in North American, for example. Facing native without artillery or European foes with ver, VERY limited artillery capabilities there was no need for complex fortifications.
 

Owl

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I take your point - maybe a level lower than 10 then.
I just wanted to prevent the world being covered with little flags too early in the game, since we are saying you wouldn't need a settler to build a fort. But of course you'd still have to discover the territory and be able to afford the troops plus any cash cost the fort requires.
 

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Originally posted by Owl
I take your point - maybe a level lower than 10 then.
I just wanted to prevent the world being covered with little flags too early in the game, since we are saying you wouldn't need a settler to build a fort. But of course you'd still have to discover the territory and be able to afford the troops plus any cash cost the fort requires.

I don't see any reason why you shouldn't need colonist. AS it stand, the game makes you pay for colonist so the "free" colonization the Enflish got through this era doesn't exist- the King didn't foot the bill for the Mayflower. By making colonists able to build forts you can at least come up with some rationale for the cost of colonists- it is the cost of the small carde of men and cannon that would man a colonial fort.
 

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Originally posted by Carolus Rex
It is pretty weird to control a whole province just cuz you got 10 traders there. ;)

OK, I'm no history expert; but I know a bit. And I am reading a book called 1688 A Global History right now which discusses this at some length.

Having 10 traders does not make you control a whole province. If I'm right, in certain areas in Asia and Africa, a European power like Holland, England would make a deal with the native Emperor/ruler to maintain a trade-post monopoly. So, in effect, 10 traders did control the TRADING of that country. Trading posts does not mean absolute control over the province, just over the international trade. This was a very political thing, subject to the whims and loyalties of various fighting factions. The death of a ruler, for example, could mean the end of one country's monopolistic status.
 

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Originally posted by Cakravarti
Whats wrong with using traders to rule. After all the English essentially used the East India COMPANY and the French used some French COMPANY and etc. So therefore i think that there should be nothing wrong with using traders to stake claims to certain territories.

Didn't the companies have troops and build forts?