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By the lack of the ŋ symbol on this table.

Double checking with modern Arabic, I cannot find an instance of "velar nasal" nor "ŋ", which strongly hints that it might exist in loan-words, but it is not native to "standard" Arabic (if there can even be such a thing).

There are countless pronounciations of 'ng' both in Classical Arabic and its many localized variations. The example you also relate - Lotharingia - would be pronounced by Arabic speakers as Lo-tha-rann--(elongated)giyya. In fact, I would argue it is easier for Arabic speakers to pronounce "Lotharingia" as opposed to "Lotharigia" - the former is much easier for the tongue.
 
There are countless pronounciations of 'ng' both in Classical Arabic and its many localized variations. The example you also relate - Lotharingia - would be pronounced by Arabic speakers as Lo-tha-rann--(elongated)giyya. In fact, I would argue it is easier for Arabic speakers to pronounce "Lotharingia" as opposed to "Lotharigia" - the former is much easier for the tongue.
So what you are saying is it is easier to say /lɔðərɐngijə/? But I was specifically saying they would not say /lɔðərɐŋijə/ (the exact r or ɹ is unimportant).

It being harder to pronounce, however, is better in my opinion because it gives a strong driving reason for the metathesis (which usually requires a cause).
 
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Are you picking this stuff up from your wife? (I think it was you that had a wife as linguist. I could be totally and horribly wrong though. . .)
 
Are you picking this stuff up from your wife? (I think it was you that had a wife as linguist. I could be totally and horribly wrong though. . .)
She is, and partially. I took a linguistics class in Uni which was a lot of fun, I was very interested in the subject before that and even before I met her. But I never really pursued it.
 
Paradox forums: the last refuge of higher-order intellect. Or just people who are really, really bored. Since linguistics seems to be mostly philosophical, I think the latter might be more accurate, now that I think of it.
 
Bastions
Chapter Fifty: A King of Peasants
Part 1


Prelude:
Peace in the modern world was a strange concept. The smattering low-intensity wars across the world meant that there was never a day when people weren't threatened by war. When major wars flared up, like in the Balkans, it can distract people from the bigger picture and will often mean that a deeper cancer is left to rot and will remain forgotten until it flares up too. Continuing civil wars in Shirvana and New Friesland were sort of left out of the public consciousness while the issues in China and India remained a sort of memento, something to be fixed in the future like a dripping faucet. The rise of the so-called "Politburo" in Srednjislavia became a much bigger issue on the home front. Economic woes and friction within the European Union led to the first rise of a dictator on the continent since the end of World War II and the first dictator since the end of Communism more than twenty-five years previous. Srednjislavia changed its name from the Federal Republic of Srednjislavia to the People's Socialist Federal Republic of Srednjislavia. In Prussia there were both calls to change the formal name of the nation (then and still the Socialist Republic of Prussia) as well as to oust the would-be dictator. President Ian Sandersun (Eán Ʒándusun) of Prussia refused to change the name and was wary of going to the EU with a call to war. He was afraid of isolating his support base, the moderately left-wing Liberal-Socialists, who were dead-set against compromise and cooperation with the hawkish right-wing after the economic instability under the Liberal-Democrats (a left-right compromise party). There was also lingering tension within Europe after the Zilina War, though Hungary was one of many nations who now had to deal with a dictator on their border. It was not a problem with an easy solution, though it seemed everyone had one.

May 12th, 1389

Sophie sat quietly beside Lady Grey on the edge of a dimly lit hall. Behind them a thin streak of light came from the door and before them the cavernous black void that was the main cathedral in Mariengrad. Barely visible, and only as a thin outline, was the man that both loved dearly: Doyvát - now King of Prussia. He rested his head against the marble alter than now carried his father's body and sobbed quietly. Tomorrow was the day his father would be entombed forever in the vaults and forever beyond his grasp. Already the pressures of being King were too much. Tailors worked day and night making what he'd wear at the coronation and priests babbled day and night blessing for him and his father. It was only at times like this that he got to spend any time alone with his thoughts and his father. Lady Grey turned to Sophie and lifted her mask so her voice would not echo or be muffled. "How long has he been like this?" she asked worriedly.

"A couple hours," Sophie whispered back. She didn't move her head or anything; she sat there diligently waiting for her husband to pull himself back together and move forward with the country. She didn't doubt for a second whether he could do it, but already her bed was a cold and lonely place. Sarah placed a hand on her Queen's shoulder and tried to give her a comforting squeeze, but after a few moments Sophie stood and walked over to Doyvát and did the same for him. Only when he turned his head up she could smile comfortingly.
"I've heard you and Miss Grey on the edges of the room," Doyvát said, wiping a tear from just below his eye. "Have I been too long?"

"Take as long as you need, but it is late and you will be out in public again tomorrow, we cannot have you looking dreary and tired," Sophie said and she ran her hand through his curly hair. The King tried to give some hint that he wasn't a complete mess, but Sophie could tell he was scared and rightfully so. Before him was a herculean task, one maybe even Hercules himself would have avoided if possible.

"No, you are right," he said standing up, trying to hide his tear-stained face from Lady Grey by pretending to scratch his head.

"I've instructed the maids to pour you a warm bath for when we return," Sophie said looping her arm around his. Lady Grey lingered as they walked past, staring at the corpse lying in state. She had few good memories of the late King, but she remembered him as an honest man who deep down really cared for her... he had just lacked the social grace to show it. As the footsteps of her lord and lady began to grow distant she lingered just a bit longer, not fully sure why she had stayed in the first place.

"Sarah?" Sophie's voice called, "Hurry up, we can't have you walking around town alone."

"Coming!" Lady Grey shouted back, turning around and hurrying off to rejoin with the others. When she arrived it appeared that Doyvát had regained some of his composure and gave her a friendly smile. Like always, Sarah's eyes lingered a little longer than they should, even after Doyvát turned away. As they left the cathedral a small guard surrounded them and shuffled them homeward.

"I hate this town," the Princess said to anyone who would listen. "How can any place be so dull a dreary in May? This is a month for spring and growth. Just smells like fish."

"It could be worse m'lady," one of the guards pointed out.

"How so?"

"It could be grey and rainy. Instead it is relatively clear and it has been decently dry as of late."

"Worrisome," Doyvát replied, "Next pigs will fly and the very world will unravel under my feet."

"It is amazing that this is where the Saxons first landed all those years ago," Sophie said, trying to look on the bright side.

"It is a beautiful city when the sun is shining. All the buildings look so uniform, and with the castle in the background the view from the harbor is amazing," the one guard continued.

"Then you were born here?" Sophie asked.

"Aye, right here in the Auld Town. My dad owns a shop down a few blocks," the guard said. Sophie turned to Doyvát only to catch him roll his eyes. "Not often we get the royal family stopping by!" He had a goofy sort of grin, though he began to suspect that the old saying about shipping off to Mariengrád probably meant the King was not happy to be here.

Eventually the party made their way to the base of the crumbling castle that had never been permanently inhabited since the plague under the reign of King Vishly. The whole place was a mess, hardly fit for a Duke or Count let alone a King. The furniture was musty and faded, the walls cold and blank, and everywhere they went they could not escape the dreadful feeling of the castle's last occupants. In the center room, where a fire did its best to chase away the chill of a spring night, hung two massive portraits: one of King Vishly and one of Queen Ziedas. Doyvát positioned himself under the portrait and looked up at a man who shared very little with him. He tried not to chuckle as he noticed the poorly scribbled mustache was not part of the original work, rather the mark of a vandal.

"Maid," Doyvát called, "Does anyone have a ladder?"

"Aye, m'lord," said one man-servant. With the help of one of the guards they brought it over to Doyvát who hurriedly climbed to get a closer look at the graffiti. The painting had been a beautiful piece of art when it had been made, he could tell that. Time and the distaste of others had not aged it well and now the paint flaked off under his finger, falling to the floor below him. The paint for the moustache, however, had been thick and applied liberally to say the least. It was nearly a quarter inch thick, almost like pitch. However, below it and curved to follow along the long, swirling facial statement was a name. Doyvát Gunwáldsun.

"What is so funny?" Sophie asked as her husband nearly fell off the ladder laughing.

"A quill and ink, please!" he called.

"What? You cannot mean to ruin that poor painting anymore!" Sophie called, "I don't care who it is of, that artist worked hard!"

But as she protested a maid brought a quill in a small vile of ink. Doyvát took it and carefully wrote under the first name: Doyvát Doyvátsun.
 
Once again a greatly written update, thanks !


Wish we had more :p
 
Niiiiicccce. At least Doyvát still has a good sense of humor.

Also about the relationship between Sophie and Lady Grey; I bet there's a lot of tension.
 
We have video games and AARs... they have juvenile vandalism. Although, it is fitting that Vishly's portrait was defiled after he defiled the country.
When I first included the portrait I felt like there was no way that as the Elder David's troops stormed the castle that they would actually let the painting survive.

.....And not a moment too soon :p I was wondering when the next update would be up, and BAM! there it was. Simply magic, and a great update at that.
Magic is what I do best. :D

Once again a greatly written update, thanks !


Wish we had more :p
Thank you very much! I hope to have something more out soonish.

Niiiiicccce. At least Doyvát still has a good sense of humor.

Also about the relationship between Sophie and Lady Grey; I bet there's a lot of tension.
Might be something to explore later. ;)
 
I don't know if you've answered this before, but how did you create your MEIOU scenario? Did you use some converter, and if so how did you make it compatible with MEIOU? Or did you make a mod?
 
I don't know if you've answered this before, but how did you create your MEIOU scenario? Did you use some converter, and if so how did you make it compatible with MEIOU? Or did you make a mod?
There was a mod a couple years back called PEIOU, it was for IN-era MEIOU. I used that and had a beta released. It was pretty basic, really. Just topical changes. It was only good for one scenario.
 
Bastions
Chapter Fifty: A King of Peasants
Part 2


Prelude:
A coronation was always a great time for Prussia. Generally it meant fairs and tournaments and a great tour from city to city that included the King and most of his court. It would start at Mariengrád and work its way across the Baltic, then down into Krakow. Eventually it would wind its way to Kiev where the King would eventually receive the pledge of loyalty from the Sich of Azowia. For two King Doyváts it was a task done entirely out of duty. While previous Kings enjoy such journeys that included stops in places such as Hungary, Austria, Wallachia and the expanses of Russia; the journey of Gunwald II and his immediate heirs was much shorter. It underlined the effects of the great civil wars to cut Prussia back down to size. At one point there was no question Prussia was stronger than the Caliphate, but now they seemed on equal footing, though the Caliph was losing more and more control over some of his more distant provinces. But other changes were being made as well. Of course there were shake-ups in the court as the new King made his presence known. A bigger change was the election of Rurik Mársun as Patriarch of the Prussian Church. Rurik was known for desire to try to re-unite the two Orthodox Churches while trying to prevent the formation of a third in Mordvia. He was accused of Unionist sympathies, which modern history would support, but more than anything Rurik worked as a dim, flickering light of hope in the dark times following the almost complete collapse of Christianity.

May 13th, 1389

"And on the behalf of the people of the Kingdoms of the Prussians and in the grace of God I, Rurik son of Már, do crown thee, Doyvát Doyvátsun of the House of Leofric of Hwicce, King of the Prussians, Poles, Russians, Finns and Azowians and all the faithful Christians; Duke of Prussia, Livonia and Estonia; Protector of Hungary, Wallachia, the German Marches, and Bohemia; and Count of Mariengrád, Memelgrád, Kiev, Krakow, Riga, Æstlinn and so on and so forth. Rise now and assume the rule of the faithful Christians of the world." The Patriarch took a step back to allow Doyvát to stand up and turn to face the cheering crowds of people gathered in Mariengrád. Behind him were the tombs of the Kings, freshly opened for his father's body.

The freshly crowned King turned to face the crowd, consisting mostly of minor aristocracy and merchants from the Baltic regions. They represented some of his most loyal vassals, the core of Prussian authority. "My father had a goal for Prussia, but his respect for his father kept it from becoming a reality," he said addressing the silent faces. They all seemed to want to hear what was next for them: the direction that Prussia would be headed in next. "We sit on the edge of a knife, hanging just above anarchy. We look at states like the Caliphate and the Roman Empire and we can see where they go wrong, but here in Prussia we do nothing. What of strong states? States that seem to rise from the ashes of the Infinite War, what do we learn from them? States like England and Muslim Sweden? The age of petty tribalism and clannish sects is ending. Prussia must be united and it must be strong." Faces seemed to pale around the room, they knew what this meant: centralization. The merchants seemed pleased, but worried. Many of the minor aristocrats did not care, they had no authority anyway. But here in the North, along the coast of the Baltic, people knew all too well the horror of the great civil war. And in the south, where the Dukes and Counts valued their autonomy, this would not be seen as a positive thing, there will be war.

"I will do what I must," Doyvát continued, "To see Prussia stay strong. The Baltic and Black Seas are ours to rule: our ships will move without fear and the riches of the Orient and of the Occident will flow back to Memelgrád, the center of the civilized world. Any threat to Prussia from within or without will not go unchecked, left to fester for some other King to deal with. We have just finished another series of wars in Rome; access to the Mediterranean has been protected. This is only the beginning, we face many challenges before us and I shall ensure Prussia rises up to meet them, forever maintaining our place as granted to us by the power of our all-might Lord and the Son. Join with me as Patriarch Rurik recites a blessing."

***​

The world was so much smaller from behind the silver mask, Sarah thought. From the eye hole she could barely see her plate let alone any of the guests. She tried not to look at Sophie, who happily hung on Doyvát as guests spoke with him and gave their congratulations for the coronation or their sympathies for the recent pacing of his father. She reached for the wine jug just as another arm extended into sight.

"I-I am sorry," Sarah said quickly, withdrawing her arm and placing her hand on her lap.

"No, it is I who should be sorry, one should always remember that women get first taste of wine," said a heavily accented man. She had to turn ninety degrees to actually see him: a strong man of about thirty-six, his face and scalp were shaved to the skin and his eyes were a bright blue color. He wore a red outfit, studded in golden fleur-de-lis. He took the jug and filled her cup back up before filling his own. "You are close to the master, King Doyvát, are you not?" he asked politely.

"I am his aide," she said honestly.

"Strange, to invite an aide to a state coronation," the foreigner said frankly.

"I am a Lady of the Kingdom!" Sarah said, "I am Lady Grey, both here and in England!"

The foreigner smiled, "I am sorry Lady Grey; I am Prince Gaspar, son of Sich Rollo." He put his right hand on his left shoulder as a sort of salute. "I have been tasked by my father to represent the Sich at the court of King Doyvát. If you are his aide, perhaps you are the right person to talk to if I need to be squeezed into his schedule."

"Why do you need to speak with the King?" Sarah asked flatly.

"Straight to the point," Gaspar said, "I like that. In the Sich you would be quite a catch, cool... calm... calculating..."

"Why do you need to speak with the King?" Sarah interrupted.

Gaspar stopped and tried to get a reading on her, but without being able to actually see her face he was just left sort of stumped. "I... uh..." The mask only had one open eye hole and inside he could see an unmoving and unblinking focus. A friendly smile crept across his face, "Of course. I am here to speak with your master, his Majesty, over a certain task that his father gave to my father. He had requested that we settle the horselords, the nomads of my people, and though we have tried we have faced a great deal of resistance. It was my hope that I could speak to his Majesty about extending the time frame or giving us a helping hand... or if he is willing, to forget this order all together."

The eye blinked a few times before she said anything, "I am certain the King can find time for a faithful vassal."

Gaspar nodded and poured wine into two cups, offering one to Sarah and taking the other for himself. He raised it in a little toast to her, "To faithful vassals of all sorts."

The next morning Doyvát sat on a make-shift throne in the dingy Mariengrád castle. Before him, kneeling and with his right first to the ground, was Gaspar. "Your Majesty, the son of your vassal Sich Rollo of Azowia: Gaspar of the Dormandies," Sarah said.

Doyvát rubbed drink and sleep out of his eyes and yawned before giving the sign to stand up. "Gaspar, Lady Grey has told me that that your father is finding it difficult to pacify the horselords of your land. It was a tall order when my father passed it, I'll admit."

"It makes me happy you are willing to heed your vassal's advice," Gaspar said.

"Did your father ever think to make this request to my father?" Doyvát asked as he signaled that he wanted a glass of water to one of the servants. Two glasses were poured and Doyvát stoos up and handed one to Gaspar.

"It was not my place to suggest it, though I assume your father would have had to same foresight as you. It is not just a difficult task, my lord, but nearly impossible. My father cannot settle the horselords. Nor could I. In fact, I am not certain I could settle the sons of the horselords when they rose to that rank. Your father asked that we drastically change our very way of life within a generation. It will take time to take such beliefs out of the roaming lords."

"I understand what you mean," Doyvát said reflecting on the difficulties he found with the Romans. "Listen, Gaspar, I wish for you and your father to continue doing what you can, but do not put yourselves into a position where we will face revolt.

"Then we must stop where we are," Gaspar said, his eyes darting away from the King who suddenly looked very serious. "And so should you."

"Why do you say that?" Doyvát asked.

"Horselords aren't the only people unhappy being told to submit to their liege's will."