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The Bonaparte Legacy: British Victory
  • The Bonaparte Legacy: British Victory
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    “From Stettin, in the Baltic, to Trieste, in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line, lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe. Warsaw, Vienna, Prague, Budapest. All these famous cities, and the populations around him, lie, in what I must call, the Soviet Sphere.”

    Churchill spoke these words one month after victory of Nazi France was achieved. “Dirigeant” Delonlce had committed suicide on the 27th of July, when the Battle of Paris had come to a close. The once invincible army of the Kingdom of France had broken. 7 days later, the Guards Armoured Division captured Bordeaux, and with it King Henri VII, who signed the capitulation of Nazi France the next day. Victory Day was August 4th, 1944.

    Early September saw the Atlanta Conference, which was between the members of the British Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dominion of Canada in particular, and the Confederate States of America. Their concern was the Yankee question, which had dominated the politics of North America ever since the Second American Revolution in 1933. Luckily, it had become a minor concern for the duration of the war. The 1936 primaries saw social democrat Felix Frankfurter become the Socialist candidate for the presidency. When in 1940 Trotskyite Fredrick Delano Roosevelt gained the backing of the party leadership, Frankfurter endorsed the new Liberal Party and its candidate, Wendel Wilkie. A feat thought impossible only 4 years before, but the Socialist Party lost the 1940 elections. This didn’t mean that relations between the USSA and her neighbours improved. Whilst the Battle of Britain was raging in the skies above London, Bristol, Cardiff and Dublin, the USSA invaded the New England Republic, establish from the Canadian Occupation Zone which had been evacuated in 1936. Luckily, any aggressive moves ended there, maybe because of the government in Britain.

    1932, the year that the Socialist Party was elected in the old USA, also saw the election of the Labour Party in the UK. Prime Minister Oswald Mosley began his National Effort to bring the economy back up, a policy he could continue after the 1936 elections. Because of this, he also oversaw the 1937 Imperial Conference, which finalized the move towards Imperial Federation. Imperial Preference Trade and the Shared Defence Policy laid the groundwork for federalization, a process halted, but strengthened, by the outbreak of war. Mosley and his German counterpart Adenauer had decided on a policy of Appeasement, to start rearmament and catch up with the French, but after the Pas de Calais had been granted to France, a line had been drawn. A line which the Nazi’s crossed when they demanded the end of Belgium in October 1939. Europe was at war again.

    Belgium fell within 10 days. The Allies did the only thing they realistically could whilst they were mobilizing, evacuate the Belgian army via the port of Antwerp and east towards the Siegfried Line. And whilst everybody was preparing for the campaigns of the coming season, France struck in November, bypassing the most heavily fortified parts of the Siegfried line by moving trough the Netherlands and the Rhineland. British forces moved west into the Netherlands, holding the line at the Meuse, but the French broke the Germans and crossed the Rhine on the 1st of December, at which point it was all over. Air Marshall Goering and his own national socialist DAP launched a coup, and sued for peace. Austria was evacuated and Hitler reinstalled, Prussia, Posen and Silesia were handed over to Poland, the Rhineland was annexed by France and a protectorate was granted over the Ruhr. A small group of officers and soldiers escaped to the British positions, and later fled to London, where the Free German Government was proclaimed, later taking control over the German colonies. British, Dutch and Belgian forces now found themselves surrounded, and were forced to evacuate from the beaches of Holland and the port of IJmuiden. The Battle for Germany was over.

    The Empire would continue the fight alone. Prime Minister Mosley resigned fearing a motion of no confidence. A government of national unity would be formed, headed by the Tory Winston Churchill. Having served in both Liberal and Conservative parties he was deemed the perfect candidate. Mosley would assume position as Minister of Armaments. The Battle of Britain would be won, Ethiopia would be liberated and British tanks rolled across Libya. From 1941 onward, France retreated from Africa, focusing on her new enemy, the Soviet Union.

    France launched Operation Charlemagne, her crusade against communism, and China joined her in her fight, but didn’t march south. Finally, the manpower of India was somewhat opened up for other fronts. Combined Imperial forces would guard the USSA borders, and a invasion of Italy was launched to take pressure off of the Soviets. Italy, having faced heavy losses in Africa, crumbled, and Rome was liberated in early 1942, after which the king capitulated. The net was closing around France. In the east, the advance stalled just past Smolensk and Kiev. Greece joined the Allies, opening up a front in the Balkan. In response, Germany was allowed to rearm. A coup was launched in Poland to keep them in the fight. A coup was also launched in the Ottoman Empire, opening up the Caucasus in the hopes of capturing the oil there, but failing massively.

    Eventually, the downfall would come on May 5th 1943, from the beaches where Britain had evacuated some 3 years before. Within hours, Mussert’s government was captured and the “Kingdom of Holland” had capitulated. Not only did this signal the beginning of the liberation of the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, it also meant that the French army in the east also had an enemy army in its back constantly cutting off supply lines. Finally, the British and Soviets met at the city of Stettin. From that point on, it was just a rush to secure as much land as both sides could, Germany became first priority. Finally, once Germany was cleared, British forced moved into France itself, ending it on the 4th of August. In the east, China would fall soon after the western front was over for the Soviets. And once the fall of Chiang was clear, Commonwealth forces simply secured what they could, with Japan and Korea doing the same.

    The world stands decided, with Britain at the head of the free world. Much will depend on the first postwar elections. Mosley is running on a platform of Renewed Effort, using the Empire to rebuild Britain and Europe. Churchill is running on a platform of anticommunism, capitalizing on public fear now that a German Peoples Republic has been established east of the Oder, not to forget the United Arab Republic being a great threat to British interests in the Middle East. The Liberals, meanwhile, are running on a more hands off approach. Letting things on the continent be for now and instead focusing on the Empire and building a real superpower.

    Whatever the British public may decide, interesting times are ahead.
     
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    The Danubian Federation before the 1967 Ausgleich and the Danube War
  • The Danubian Federation before the 1967 Ausgleich and the Danube War
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    States of the Danubian Federation and her autonomies (respective ethnic group included in brackets):
    Austria: (German)
    I Austrian Littoral (Italian)
    II Carniola (Slovenian)
    Venice (Italian)
    Bohemia: (Czech)
    I German Bohemia (German)
    Slovakia (Slovakian)
    Lesser Poland (Polish)
    Galicia: (Ukranian)
    I Bukovina (Romanian)
    Hungary: (Hungarian)
    I Crișana (Romanian)
    II Burgenland (German)
    III Vojvodina (Croatian and Serbian)
    Transylvania: (Romanian)
    I Burzenland (German)
    Banat (German, Hungarian, Romanian and Serbian)
    Illyria: (Croatian)
    I Sana-Podrinje (Bosniak)
    II Srpska (Serbian)

    Please note: map does not show any smaller regional autonomous entities

    In the 1937 Ausgleich, and subsequent Hungarian Crisis, the Danubian Federation was established in order to bring the holdings of the Habsburgs into the 20th century. The 1927 Ausgleich had left the Empire severely weakened, and many feared its dissolution. The young emperor Karl thus found himself influenced by the advocates of Federalization, creating states within the Empire to represent local ethnic minorities. Cisleithania had already seen massive decentralization in 1927 with the creation of separate parliaments for Galicia-Lodomeria and Bohemia. The Hungarians only begrudgingly accepted a separate parliament for Croatia, being compensated with Dalmatia in return. The 1937 thus saw a lot to lose for the Hungarians, having maintained the integrity of the Crown of St.Stephen for so long. In an attempt to gain a fast victory, they mobilized their army and attacked towards Vienna and Croatia. The backlash was enormous, every other part of the Empire sided with the Austrians. Except Bosnia, which had faced an attempted Serbian coup, and had been dependent on Hungarian and Austrian soldiers. Being forced to pick a side, they chose the army which seemed closest to them, the Hungarian one. The 10 day short armed conflict ended after Austrian forces captured Budapest.

    The first decade of the Federation was one of euphoria. The minorities within Hungary had almost unanimously sided with the Austrians, local militias often capturing important chokepoints to open up the way for their advance. The Hungarians, now powerless, saw their lands reduced to a rump "national state". A new constitution for the Federation was written, establishing many protections for minorities, and the authority of the Federal Court to rule on these matters, overriding any national court.

    When, in the winter of 1939, the Communards reached the Rhine, the first real test for the Federation was put forth. The Germans called upon their old war time ally, and the K.u.K. Armee marched forth to their help. The battles across Swabia, Elsace, Lotharingia and Burgundy were hard, but the army proved it's worth. Sadly, the need to combat a direct enemy allowed the Belgrade Pact to triumph over Bulgaria, establishing a new order in the Balkans.

    The post-Second Weltkrieg years were prosperous. German industry had been hit hard, and to help rebuild Austrian goods, construction material and cash flowed north. A true golden age emerged, where the Austrians found themselves on equal footing with the German Empire. When the 1947 Ausgleich arrived, it was nothing more but a formality, much more akin to imperial exibitions like the Germans, French and British had. Even the Hungarians, big losers 10 years ago, seemed somewhat content.

    The 50'ies were a period of normalization. As the Germans found their footing again, Austria was relegated to a 2nd place somewhat. Much of the euphoria of '37 finally settled down, people growing accustomed to the new normal. Small issues with administrative boundaries came cropping up, often leading to smaller autonomies being established by decree of the Federal Court. Arms spending was kept high, especially after the Belgrade Pact victory over the Turkish Republic and the establishment of the Megalli Idea. Bulgaria, filled with vengeance, was supported, in the hope that if conflict were to break out, they would intervene, forcing Serbia and Romania into 2 front wars. As the 1957 Ausgleich arrived, it was again not much more but formality, although the Hungarians were certainly more unhappy, the Federal Court often intervening against them. The last part of the decade also saw gradual bureaucratic bloat. Ever increasing provisions and autonomous required a larger administrative apparatus, but it also became more ineffective as her powers were limited.

    Many reasons lead to the 1960 Frankfurt Stock Market Crash. Germany was involved in a arms race with both the Entente and Japan, forcing high military spending all around. Not to forget that the Kaiserbund was found out to not be the blessing it was, especially in old Mittelafrika where a low intensity guerrilla was was being fought between tribes loyal to the Germans and those opposed to them. The crisis hit hard in the Habsburgs' land. The economy had become dependent on Germany, and when it imposed protectionism to protect their own industry, it became worse. A unemployment rate of 50% in certain parts of the country wasn't unheard of. Bureaucratic problem made responding hard, and that is when there was a coherent response at all. Between 1960 and 1967 there were 9 governments and 6 elections. Many outside forces now saw a chance. Agitation increased dramatically. Khrushchevists became the 2nd largest opposition party in Galicia, Iron Guard paramilitaries loyal to King Micheal of Romania held frequent marches in Transylvania, sectarian violence in Illyria became commonplace and the Hungarian government openly started debating Magyarization again. Even in the Austrian army, there were whispers of coup, especially if the Federation proved unable to protect German speakers across the realm.

    As 1967 closed in, it became clear that action was needed, and that the Ausgleich wouldn't just be formality. Many parties from across the Federation already laid out their demands for what their support for a national unity government would require. In fact, many talks were already being held before February 1967. The gloomy atmosphere turned up somewhat into a careful, hopeful optimism. This was struck down when on the 25th of January Emperor Karl was shot by a Hungarian gunman. The Empire entered a state of mourning, but what was more important was that the man who had lead the Federation, a symbol of unity, was now gone and that an unproven Emperor Otto now had to lead the Empire trough her most trying time.
     
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    The Danube Basin following the collapse of the Austrian Empire
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    Fig. 8, the Danube Basin following the collapse of the Austrian Empire. Whilst the Habsburgs had seen all of their Empire break away, hope remained that if Hungary was put down, they could restore order. Italian intervention and their demand for anything but total victory drove the final nail into the Habsburg Empire


    (Just to be clear, it's not a sequel to the previous map. This is a 1937 map from a Italian Kingdom game)
     
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    The Rogue State of Africa
  • (Excerpt from a book about the Second Weltkrieg.)
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    Fig 23, Freistaat Mittelafrika, "The Rogue State of Africa" and her dependent Boer state
    One of the other main issues discussed at the 1944 Marrakesh Conference was the issue of Mittelafrika. After the imperial government of Germany had capitulated, governor Göring had refused to let the Freistaat fall back under the direct control of the colonial office. Instead, he declared himself Viceroy, and subject only to the emperor himself, declaring effective independence whilst nominally remaining loyal. The Madagascar Revolt, South African Civil War and Intervention, Ottoman-Axis War and Ethiopian Expedition saw his domain expand across much more of the continent. And whilst the Bantu-Syndicalist revolts had left their mark, much of the "country" remained untouched and her industry and manpower an important asset for the Anti-Syndicalist Pact to acquire.
     
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    Africa, the Continent of Blood
  • Africa, the Continent of Blood
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    List of ongoing conflicts as of March 1938:

    Southern Revolt:


    Sahara Revolt:
    • National France vs Tuareg Federation, Mauritania and Wadai
    Ivory Coast Revolt:
    • National France vs Ivory Coast
    Moroccan Revolt (also part of the Spanish Civil War):
    • German Empire and Kingdom of Spain vs Morocco
    Eritrean Revolt:
    • Eritrea vs Ethiopia
    Collapse of Mittelafrika:

    Congo Crisis:
    • Rykmans Government vs Kasai vs Karanga vs Kivu Clique vs Outer Heaven Mercenaries
    Nigerian Civil War:
    • British Nigeria vs Sokoto vs Hausaland
    Equatorial African Conflict:
    • French Congo vs German Cameroon vs Central African Empire
    Namibian Civil War:
    • German Southwest Africa vs Namibland
    Vorbecksland Conflict:
    • North Rhodesia and Nyasaland vs Vorbecksland
    East African War:
    • Tanganyika vs Goeringia vs Zanzibar
    Mau Mau Uprising
    • Kenya-Uganda vs Mau Mau
    Madagascan Collapse
    • German Loyalists vs Goeringians vs Action Francaise Madagascar vs Jewish Settlers
     
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    A Throne of Bayonets: German WWI victory
  • A Throne of Bayonets: German WWI victory
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    “One often regrets the choices one has made, yet we now find ourselves regretting the choices we haven’t made”
    -Lord Grey, 12th of August 1917, after the terms of the Treaty of Potsdam were announced in Britain

    “Germany surprised the world over and over again during this Great European War. The thing that surprised me is that people didn’t start expecting the unexpected from Germany in this war.”
    -Lord Kitchener, 14th of February 1917, after the beginning of German winter offensive against Belgium and France.

    The unexpected defined the German actions of the Great European War that began in August of 1914. Everybody expected that Germany would strike west in case of war with the Franco-Russian Entente. And that would provide a ticket to British entry into that conflict. It was an open secret that the Germans would to this. Maybe they wanted it this way, or maybe they were actually planning such a strike and later changed their minds, there is evidence to be found for both theories, but this attack in the west did not come in August 1914.

    There was one man for whom this was very inconvenient, Lord Grey. He had been working with the Entente, and had promised to join the war. Yet, with no proper casus belli for him to justify his war, parliament did not issue a declaration of war. Instead of heading west, Germany headed east.

    The German attack in Poland was devastating, and the first in a series of disasters that would eventually cause the downfall of the Tsarist regime. The German armies struck south from Prussia, linked up with the Austrians, saved their failing lines and encircled multiple armies in the process. Central Poland would be conquered following that, ending in the Siege of Warsaw where the last 2 Russian armies would be defeated. The operation was done by late October. It was expected, with just an offensive having been finished, that the east would be quiet for the winter, this would prove to be another surprise.

    The German winter offensive began in February, and was somewhat limited in scope, it was a push through Eastern Lithuania, which swung northwest to the city of Riga. Yet again this operation would prove a disaster for the Russian. Once again, multiple armies would be encircled in the Courland pocket. But this would prove only a stepping stone to the general offensive of that year. From eastern Lithuania the German armies would advance across Byelorussia and the Pripyat. The armies would, from there, turn south, rushing along the Dnieper until they reached the black sea. This would see another massive encirclement, far beyond the scale of the last two, once and for all, destroy Tsarist forces. For the rest of the year, the front would seem quiet. Once again, this was a wrong assumption.

    In late 1915, Nicholas II abdicated, and a provisional republican government was established. The Germans, looking to destabilize the Russian state further, sent Lenin back to Russia, and in March he took control. What was to be a quiet winter turned into a German offensive towards Petrograd. The only real resistance was given at this city, which would fall after a 3 week siege. Following the fall of the city, Lenin sought peace at any cost, and it was a heavy one. Ukraine, Byelorussia, the Baltic states and Poland would gain independence under German supervision. Finland would become independent with a German King, and the Caucasus would gain independence under German influence.

    The redeployment of German forces to the west would take until December of that year. And once again, whilst everybody knew the strike was coming, Germany surprised everybody. The offensive came in February. This gave Germany one major advantage, developing a trench system was way harder for the French. This had existed since 1914 on the Franco-German border and had made for an incredibly harsh environment for war, with an incredible advantage for the defender. Making sure the French could not use this was the one goal the Germans wished. Thus, they moved through the lowlands. They demanded these countries join them in their war, and that Luxembourg would ascent to the German Empire. Luxembourg ascended, the Netherlands, because of her dependence on German trade, joined the war. It was only Belgium who resisted. Belgium threw up a valuable defence on the Meuse, but they were outflanked from the north. French forges moved in, but they were soundly defeated in the Battle of Mons. From there, the line collapsed all the way until Britany was occupied. The lines in Lothringia held, until they were outflanked by units moving from Paris towards Lyon. The French, seeing the writing on the wall, capitulated together with the Italians who had fought a failing defensive war after the end of the Eastern Front.

    The Treaty of Potsdam saw France give up most of her colonial empire except for her possessions in northern and western Africa. Along with that, she was forced to secede a border strip to Germany and hand control of French Flanders over to the Netherlands. Belgium was dismantled. The Congo and Belgian Luxembourg were ceded to Germany, Flanders was annexed by the Netherlands and the remaining part of Wallonia joined France, and for the foreseeable future, North France would remain under occupation. This was not the harshest treaty however. The Treaty of Klosterneuburg saw the dismantlement of the Kingdom of Italy and her replacement by the Italian Confederation, headed by the King of Lombardo-Veneto, a kingdom ruled in personal union with the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy.

    In Britain, the new order was received with horror. Germany ruled the continent and had colonies all over the world from where she could project power. Whilst the Liberal Party was crushed in the 1915 election over the government wanting to bring the country into a war it didn’t wish to join, one of her most prominent members now stands in the spotlight again. Austen Chamberlain once again champions the idea of Imperial Federation as a way to wield the power of the Empire against the German threat, and the elections of this year will see whether the public is still as enthusiastic for this idea. But resistance is already coming from overseas. The Afrikaners of South Africa fear that in a federalized empire they will find their way of life slowly dying out, and German South-West Africa nearby, it isn’t a far fetch that the Germans could sponsor a revolt.

    At the same time, the new order in Europe is unstable. The French military government is facing ever increasing pressure from socialist and revitalized far right groups. The Ottoman Empire, whilst they didn’t join the war, have bound themselves to Germany. The Baghdad Railway is close to completion allowing Germany access to Iraqi oil. Arab leaders have been in contact with the British to start a revolt. And then there is Austria. Whilst victorious, the bad performance against Russia and Serbia has shown that her military leaves much to be desired for. Ethnic tension has been on the rise, and the inclusion of Montenegro and Serbia into the Empire could provide a hotbed for agitation. And the new situation in Italy just seems to explode into revolt if Austria was ever distracted by issues somewhere else.

    Yes, Germany did surprise the world over and over again during the war. But maybe she will surprise herself that the unstable new order will provide weaknesses to be exploited.
     
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    The Italian Empire, the third power in Europe
  • The Italian Empire, the third power in Europe

    The Italian Empire in 1949 is a country that has arisen like a phoenix! The end of the First Weltkrieg had destroyed the Italian state itself, as the Austrian project of confederation under Habsburg-Toskana fell in on itself as revolution and disobedience struck the land. The newly re-impowered nobility simply broke off, leaving Italy divided it her pre-Risorgmento state. Only in 1935 would Austria allow for the formation of a Italian Federation under the leadership of the Pope, as the growing threat of syndicalism forced Austria’s hand.

    February 1937 would be the month Italy’s fortunes forever changed. Just when war broke out in the Danubian Basin, Pius XI would pass away, leaving the Federation leaderless. As the army moved to intervene in Venice, leadership was needed. The Papal Conclave, in agreement with the nobles of the Federation, asked the regent of Sardinia-Piedmont and field marshal of the Federal Army, Amadeo of Savoy-Aosta, to assume the leadership of the Federation. He did so, leading the Federal Army against the Austrians, eventually taking Vienna with Hungarian support on the 5th of August of that year. The Austrian Empire would come to a end, the rump Austrian Archduchy applying to join the German Empire on the 21st. Meanwhile, in Rome, Pius XII had been elected to the Chair of St. Peter, choosing to relinquish his duties as President of the Federation. The defeat of Austria allowed the return of Victor Emmanuel III to the Savoyard throne and allowed for Amadeo the be crowned as Emperor of Italy, transforming the country into a Federal Imperial Monarchy akin to Germany.

    Italy, still reeling under the effects of the Berlin Stock Market Crash, would recover under the leadership of the catholic corporations and following catholic socio-economic doctrine, which would prepare it for war with the syndicalists, a war which almost came in 1937 as the SRI closed the border following the Exodus, seizing Anzio in the process. Revenge would come once the Communards demanded the return of Alsace-Lorraine. Italy, knowing it could not permit a Internationale victory, independently declared war on them, fighting a successful defensive campaign in the Alps whilst taking out the SRI, completing the Second Risorgmento. Outplaying the Germans in the Division of France, it would hand over her part of France over to the Algiers Government, allowing it to stake her claim to the south, in exchange Italy would receive Tunisia and the Algiers Government would revoke her claims on Savoy, Nice and Corsica.

    In the east, the Balkan Pact would declare a second war on Bulgaria, leading to Hungarian and Italian intervention on the side of Bulgaria, establishing the Zagreb Pact as a neutral 3rd side in the Cold War which was just beginning and reorganizing the Balkans once again. Hungary would find the Crown of St. Stephen fully restored, a Croatian Kingdom was carved out of Hungarian Croatia and Serbian Bosnia. Montenegro and Albania would be integrated into the Empire, Greater Bulgaria partially restored and friendly governments established in the defeated powers.

    Finally, Italy would restore her colonial empire. With the blessing of the Pope, Italy would go to war with the victorious Axis, marching across the deserts of North Africa, and eventually signing a peace treaty with the Arabs and Persians, giving the Levant, Egypt, Sudan and Libya to Italy. Finally, Ethiopia would be subdued, making Italy the foremost player in the Eastern Mediterranean. The colonial ministry is already hoping to have 1.000.000 Italians in Libya and Tunisia by 1975.

    The world is dividing, and tension is running high, Italy can play the role of a powerful third party in the coming decades. If she is able to play her cards right, the future is bright for her, very bright.

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    Members of the Italian Empire:
    I. Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
    II. Duchy of Parma
    III. Duchy of Lombardy
    IV. Grand-Duchy of Tuscany
    V. Papal States
    VI. Kingdom of Two Sicilies
    VII. Most Serene Republic of Venice
    VIII. Bishopric Trento
    IX. Principality of Illyria
    X. Knights Hospitaller
    XI. Duchy of Dalmatia*
    XII. Principality of Montenegro*
    XIII. Kingdom of Albania*

    *no full voting rights due to ongoing Italianization

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    Political situation on the Balkan​

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    Italian Colonial Empire:
    Colony of Tunisia
    Colony of Libya
    Colony of Sudan
    Colony of East Africa
    Colony of the Levant and Aegean
    Kingdom of Egypt (protectorate)
    Naval Base and Legation at Alexandria
     
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    Third American Republic: 1938
  • Third American Republic: 1938

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    Early 1938 is often considered the height of the Second American Civil War. In the north of Pennsylvania, Federalist forces finally had some success against the Syndicalist guerrilla forces that began their struggle when “president” MacArthur sent the army north to crush the strikes. In Ohio and New York City they hold on, remaining a massive drain on the Federalist army. The front in the Midwest remains quiet for now, as neither Federalist or Syndicate has the units to spare for the front, not to mention the constant harassment faced by local militias loyal to the Atlanta government. The Unionists had spared their forces for most of last year, with the exception of the failed First Appalachian Drive. Only in late 1937 had they counterattacked the Federalists on the Mississippi River. 1938 would be the decisive year of the SACW, with a Federalist offensive against Virginia and Lower Michigan, two Syndicate offensives against New Orleans and Atlanta respectively and a Unionist offensive against Texas and the Second Appalachian Drive.

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    Operation Valley Forge and the following AUS counterattack, the Pittsburgh Commune Rising and the 3rd New York Commune Rising, February and March 1938

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    Operations Anaconda and Sherman, followed by the stopping of the CSA advance and subsequent AUS counterattack, April and May 1938

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    Operation Jackson, better known as the Second Appalachian Drive, surrender of the Federal forces on the East Coast, failed Syndicate offensive into Michigan, 4th New York Commune Rising, Cleveland Commune Rising and Detroit Commune Rising, June and July 1938

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    Operation Scott, the Federalist counterattack and elimination of the Federalist forces in Texas, August and September 1938
     
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    Third American Republic: 1943
  • Third American Republic: 1943

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    Whilst Huey Long had been elected as Provisional President by the states of Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina and Tennessee in 1937, it wasn’t until the Second Constitutional Convention in 1940 that he would be officially elected as the 32nd president of America, and the first under the Constitution of the American Union State, more commonly known as the Third American Republic. A decade before, America had been a broken nation, and as the 1936 election closed it, civil war was unavoidable, MacArthur and the Senate only tipping it across the limit. From the ashes the nation was reborn. The war-winning moves of 1938 taking out the Federalists and leaving only a severely weakened CSA. Yet, war would only continue as the Pacific separatists had to be forced back into the fold, only to be followed by the crushing of the Syndicalist Menace in Mexico, Central America and Cuba. In the end, the need for arms production only hastened the recovery of the nation, adding on top of the strong recovery policies made by the Long government and the new corporatist system. The largest and most rebellious states had been broken, creating states that could more properly be represented in the House of Representatives. Field Marshal Patton, already a hero of the civil war and intervention in Central America, raised himself to legendary status by stopping Kuhn’s Coup. Canada, wishing to restore relation with the new American government, returned all land occupied during the SACW (exception being Puerto Rico due to the West Indies Federation not letting go of it against the wishes of Ottawa). This would eventually lay the groundwork for American intervention in the Second Weltkrieg when Communard forces landed in North Africa.
     
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    Third American Republic: 1944-1946
  • Third American Republic: 1944-1946

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    All I ever wanted to do, was to lead a lot of men in a desperate battle.
    -George Patton

    Halfway 1944 and the global coalition against Syndicalism stands at the doorstep of Europe. The Commune’s invasion of North Africa was repulsed after the AUS entered the war. The AUS expeditionary force under command of field marshall Patton had a impossible task ahead of them, break into the continent, which by then had been transformed into a fortress. There were possibilities, if only small ones. The combined American-Canadian naval forces had been able to break UoB domination of the Atlantic ocean and continue on into the Mediterranean, which opened up every coast of Europe to potential invasion. On the edge of Europe would be the least defended powers, Ireland and Portugal, the last one not even associated with the Third Internationale, but an independent socialist republic. The armed forces the Entente would be going up against what would be the best equipped force in the world. French factories kept pumping out their newest model of tanks, the German Union was equipped with whatever the fleeing Imperial forces couldn’t take with them, the BUAF would be able to severely hamper AUS aerial supremacy and the other continental allies would provide endless waves of men to be thrown at any invasion. Victory would truly require a miracle.

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    Liberation of Ireland and Britain, the Invasion of Portugal, ultimatum to the Kingdom of Spain and subsequent Invasion of Spain.

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    Patton's miraculous Pyrenees breakthrough, encirclement of the French armour on the Biscay coast and the capture of Southern Italy.

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    The eventual breakthrough in Italy, occupation of the Po Valley and first usage of a nuclear bomb in warfare at Grenoble.

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    Sweeping of the Communard line by Entente mechanized forces, second usage of a nuclear bomb in warfare at Troyes and the breakthrough towards the Dutch border.

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    Crossing of the Rhine and the encirclement of the German armies

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    Destruction of the last resistance and Russian intervention in Belarus and Ukraine

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    The meeting of Russian and Entente forces in Eastern Europe.
     
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    An Ehren und an Siegen Reich
  • An Ehren und an Siegen reich

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    (Nothing too special, wanted to try something different. Based on a fairly uneventful Austrian game.)
     
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    Third American Republic: Europe in 1949
  • Third American Republic: Europe in 1949

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    Europe in 1949 is much like the continent after the Fall of Rome. The Hordes of Barbarity destroyed everything in their path, and it required another destruction of everything to drive them back into the Pits of Hell from which they came. From Britain to Ukraine, from France to Estonia, there is nothing but ash, blood, rubble and the foul stench of death. Slowly but surely, the people would come out of their hiding to find everything destroyed. Reconstruction would be slow. Whilst Britain could count on massive Canadian aid, and Portugal had American aid whilst they were built up as the beachhead on the continent, everywhere else would have to depend on her own power to get back up on her feet. Italy, far away from the AUS, would receive limited aid, politicians in Washington seeing the aid as doing too much to repay the favour, “America First” remaining the motto of the America First Party. Germany received much the same treatment, but was lucky it was able to draw upon her colonial industries. France was also in the same boat, with Canada being too limited still to aid both her homeland and her loyal ally. The states on the periphery would be in much harder conditions. Flanders looked desperately to her northern sister state, Denmark begging Sweden and Norway for help and the Baltic and Ukraine stuck between a rock and a hard place as Russia would seize any plea for aid as a admission of weakness and a possibility to gain territory. Whilst the continent would recover slowly over the coming 25 years, the complete retreat of the AUS from European politics under President Patton during the reformation of the state into the Fourth American Republic would mean that war would break out again. France and Germany were still bitter over the compromise that the AUS had enforced over Alsace-Lorraine. Russia hawkishly looking west. The Balkan exploding in another frenzy of violence as the Habsburgs, Italy, a Belgrade Pact backed by Russia and the remnants of the Turkish state went to war with one another. Europe would in the 70’ies once again walk on the edge of a knife.
     
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    A Baptism of Blood and Steel
  • 1st of January 1900: a baptism of blood and steel

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    The Victorian Era is coming to a close. Whilst beginning in an era of unrest, once the monarchies of Europe had restored order, the Victorian Era would become known as a era of relative peace in Europe and the establishment of supreme dominance of Europe over the world. Following the French model, many countries would adopt a parliamentary system in which monarch and representatives would work hand in hand. From their colonial empires, raw materials are brought back to Europe, where they are made into finished goods in one of the many factories of the Industrial Age, and shipped back to the overseas markets to be sold. Yet, all is not well. With the recent European victory over China, almost no room remains for Europe to expand. Rivalries are flaring up again, and the nations of Europe are looking for new allies.

    Country Selection

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    The Indian Empire
  • The Indian Empire

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    Founded in 1938, the Indian Empire is a semi-parliamentary monarchy on the Indian Subcontinent and just outside of it. In an effort to centralize and normalize the processes of power, the leader of the Princely Federation and Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, declared himself Kaisar I Hind and founded the National Diwan, starting the process of the reunification of the territories of the old British Raj.

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    Administrative division of the Empire

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    The Indian Empire is a federal monarchy akin to the German Empire. Kaisar I Hind and head of the federation is the Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan. In the federation there are 4 types of administrative subdivisions. A Princely State is a full member of the federation, her people can elect representatives to the National Diwan and her prince is a member of the Council of Princes. Second is the Republic of Madras. Much akin to a Princely State, her people elect members of the National Diwan, except she is headed by a President, who represents her on the Council of Princes. Third are the Federal States. Holdovers from British rule and much a stopgap measure to establish control during the reunification. Basing itself off of the admission of the Federal State of Marathastan in 1938, the area's which were under direct British control, the so called Presidencies, would receive harsher oversight by the central government. Her people elect members of the National Diwan, but she isn't represented in the Council of Princes. A Federal State is headed by a governor selected by the Council of Princes and appointed by the Kaisar I Hind himself. Already the system is under a lot of criticism as many princes can claim rulership over parts of the old presidencies. Already the Madras Presidency never returned, being split between the neigbouring Princes and the Madras Republic. As of 1947, the dissolution of the Federal State of Sindh is already underway as there are plans to award it to Khaipur. Last are the Overseas Territories. These are not members of the federation but owned by the federal government. The two Overseas Territories are the Maldives and Andaman Islands

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    India and the British railway network. Shown are the borders in 1936, with the internal Indian borders in red. Due to ongoing issues, none of the states had the time or resources to invest in the railway network between 1925 and 1936, leaving it as it was for a decade
     
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    Third American Republic: the world in 1949
  • Third American Republic: the world in 1949

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    (decided I wasn't quite done with this series)
     
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    Empire: Legacy of the Guerre Mondiale
  • Empire: Legacy of the Guerre Mondiale

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    It has been 15 years since the French Empire and United Kingdom have signed the “Peace with Honour” that officially ended the Guerre Mondiale, though victory was actually achieved in 1919 as the armies of the North German Federation and Kingdom of Italy finally succumbed to the French offensive breaking through the Alps and Rhineland. Finally, French troops were able to start pushing back the Russian Empire from the lands of her Austro-Hungarian ally. And as she succumbed to revolution later that year, Britain stood alone. In the years proceding up to the Treaty of Westminster, Germany, Italy and Russia descended into civil wars, with France and Austria looking on in horror as their former enemies in the heart of Europe turned to Syndicalism. Russia narrowly avoided such a fate by a alliance of the more moderate socialist elements with the reactionary officer corps and a stream of foreign men and material, many of who were German veterans fleeing from their lost cause in Germany. Russo-German victory would mean a repudiation of a large part of the Treaty of Lvov with the Baltics organized into the Kingdom of Livonia under the exiled Wilhelm III. 1926 would see the final issues of the civil war resolved as a attempted coup by the democratic elements was suppressed and they fled to the far east under the protection of the Empire of Japan.

    France, Austria and the Ottomans would begin reorganizing their conquests. France would end the Kingdom of Belgium, annexing Wallonia and Brabant, combining the rump Flanders with the Netherlands into a new Kingdom of Holland. Austria, facing much internal strife and opposition from the Hungarian part of the realm, would offer the Polish regency council Galicia-Lodomeria in exchange for entering into the union. Acceptance proved a break in Franco-Austrian relations.

    When in 1925 revolution took a hold of Britain, it was France who found herself the undisputed world hegemon. French forces would begin to swoop up the unsupported British colonies as her dominions scrambled to organize a response. They would in the end subjugate their authority to the new Imperial Parliament housed in Ottawa, although many colonies were lost to French or other actors. In the far east, France would see herself intervening on the side of the Empire of China when the Hongxian emperor died and the remaining republican forces struck. The KMT-Federalist-Guominjun alliance was defeated and forced to accept the nominal authority of the new Yuntai Emperor in Peking, who would bestow the tile of Viceroy of Lianguang upon General d’Espèrey.

    As French hegemony continued, the USA would find herself moving on the path to civil war. A unity coalition was barely able to keep Hoover in the White House against the challenging Socialist Party of America. In the end, whatever measures were attempted did not succeed, and a strike in Detroit turned into a riot as the police moved to break it up. Once socialist paramilitaries mobilized, most of the country understood what direction this was taking. Californian and Mormons arose in the west, a general coalition of the Midwest would arise under the Second Continental Congress, the Imperial Federation moved to secure the borders and the supply lines for her Federal allies as they were afraid that they would soon fall out of their hands, dooming the Feds. The Confederates would also move on the border states, proclaiming them intergrated.

    The world 15 years after the peace is rapidly shifting. France is dealing with continuous unrest from Dutch, German and Italian dissidents. The syndicalist powers of Europe are rapidly rearming. The 1937 Ausgleich is set to be a massive event for the enlarged but still troubled Habsburg monarchy. On the periphery there are many exiles who wish to return home.

    Nothing is more difficult, and therefore more precious, than to be able to decide.
     
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    A Japanese Kaiserreich Game
  • A Japanese Kaiserreich Game

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    State of the world as of the 7th of October 1944
    (Armistace between Mitteleuropa and the Russian Empire)

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    Global alliances as of the 7th of October 1944
    (Mitteleuropa, Holy League, Greater East Asian Co-Prosperety Sphere, Third Internationale, Bolivarian Pact, Arabian Axis, Asian Syndicalist League and Entente)
     
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    Three way cold war
  • Three way cold war

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    In 1947, the guns fell silent on the eastern front of World War 2. Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union had fought themselves all the way to the Urals, with the USSR unable to push west and the Wehrmacht unwilling to push east. An armistice would be signed, Europe was victorious in her crusade against communism. Hitler would have his free reign to create the New Order. In the west the project to permanently remove France as a threat was started with the settlement of Germans in the exclusion zone established in 1940. In the east, Generalplan Ost would be implemented, tho not without massive resistance organized from Omsk and with many fleeing east across the Urals. Throughout the 40'ies and 50'ies, Germany reigned in Europe with a iron fist, her allies reduced to a status of economic puppets, with their troops deployed throughout the reichskommisariates to keep peace. This would last till the death of Hitler in 1959. Chaos would consume Europe whilst Germany floated around in political limbo, finally ending when the moderate elements within the army launched a coup and purged the party and SS with support from colabborationist groups throughout the continent. Generalplan Ost would be canceled, area's deemed Germanized enough would be intergrated and others would see settlers removed and transformed into "national allies'. The system of National Democracy would reign throughout Europe. The moderate coup would also finalize the rapproachment between Germany and Mosley's UK, which saw its empire collapsing around it. To maintain a favorable geostrategic position and to preempt US or USSR, European security forces would be deployed throughout the remaining empire, but access to Africa would be opened up to the whole of Europe fairly and equally. As for now, 1991, the New Order still stands, despite the challenges on the frontiers. Clashes between the RONA and Red Army remain a constant, the IRA continues it's reign of terror in Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK, insurrections continue in Africa, Macau and Hong Kong are the small outposts in a sea of red they have always been and India remains a sore spot as the Anglo-Indian elite seeks the reclamation of the north as always. Peace remains, but anything could still spark a three way nuclear inferno.
     
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    Confirmed North American insurgent zones
  • Confirmed North American insurgent zones

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    Insurgent area's within the Combined Syndicates of America (CSA), Free Men Republic (FMR) and Quebecois Communard Republic (QCR) as of the 7th of November 1944, confirmed by Kenpeitai intelligence
     
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    Treaties ending World War One
  • Treaties ending World War One


    The World, 1st of January 1924
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    Treaty of Spa: Belgium and Luxembourg - Central Powers (22.12.1917)
    • Admittance of Luxembourg as a constituent member of the German Empire
    • Administrative division of Belgium between Flanders and Wallonia
    • Demilitarization of the Belgian army by reducing army size to 3 divisions
    • Belgium made economically dependent on Germany
    • Secession of the Belgian Congo to Germany, Force Publique put at the service of Von Lettow-Vorbeck
    • No reparations
    Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Russian Soviet Republic - Central Powers (03.03.1918)
    • Independence of Finland, Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine from Russia (to come under German political and economic domination)
    • Secession of districts taken in 1878 back to the Ottoman Empire
    • Secession of Bessarabia to German-Austrian occupation, future to be determined
    • Creation of and the recognition of the independence of the United Baltic Duchy
    • Occupation of parts of Belarus
    • Later added: (27.08.1918)
      • Reparations for the annulment of bonds and the nationalization performed by the Soviet government, totaling 300 million Rubles,
      • 25% of the produced oil from Baku (made obsolete in 1921)
      • The right for the Central Powers to expel Entente forces from the lands of the former Russian Empire
    Finalization of Eastern Europe’s borders in the wake of the Russian Civil War would only happen at the 1921 Treaty of Smolensk involving all previously mentioned parties plus Belarus, Georgia, Azerbaijan, MRotNC, Crimea and representatives of the Kuban Cossack Host.

    Treaty of Bucharest: Romania - Central Powers (07.05.1918)
    • Small secession of border regions in the Carpathians to the Habsburg monarchy
    • Bulgarian annexation of the whole of Dobruzha
    • Romanian annexation of non-Ukrainian parts of Bessarabia
    • Creation of the Danube Mouth Commission
    • Demilitarization of the Romanian army by reducing army size to 10 divisions, only 2 remaining on war footing
    • A 90 year long German lease of the Ploesti Oil Fields
    • Reparations totaling 400 million Goldmarks
    Treaty of Versailles: France - Central Powers (02.09.1918)
    • Annexation by Germany of several Franco-German border regions in the Moselle, Meurthe, Vosges and Haut-Rhin departments
    • Annexation of the city of Dunkirk into Flanders by Belgium
    • Confirmation of the Belgian annexation by German decree of parts of the Ardennes department in 1915
    • Secession of regions gained from Sardinia-Piedmont to Italy at a to be still decided moment
    • Germany acquires the colonies of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, French Equatorial Africa (the region north of Lake Chad would be seceded to the Senussi later), Madagascar, Indochina, the French concessions in China and the French Pacific Ocean colonies
    • Austria-Hungary acquires the colony of Djibouti
    • French withdrawal from foreign Entente deployments (Italy, Greece, Middle East, Russia)
    • The Central Powers are allowed usage of mainland French territory to clear it of any Entente presence, to attack Italy from her western Alpine frontier and to secure it till peace has been made with the remaining Entente powers
    • Northeast France, measured from the new Belgian and German borders 100 km deep, to remain under German occupation for at minimum 5 years, to be evacuated and demilitarized after 1/3rd of the war indemnities are paid
    • Demilitarization of the French army by reducing army size to 12 divisions
    • 4/5ths of the Marine Nationale is to be handed over to Germany
    • The remaining Marine Nationale is to be interned in French ports under German control until the end of hostilities with the remaining Entente countries
    • War reparations totaling 4,6 billion Francs
    Treaty of Pola: Italy - Central Powers (29.10.1918)
    • The Kingdom of Italy is disbanded and replaced by the Italian Confederation
    • The House of Savoy abdicates the Italian and Savoyard thrones
    • The Papacy is handed back the territories taken by Italy during the Risorgimento
    • The State of Venice will be detached from Italy and made a Austro-Hungarian puppet
    • Italy secedes the territories taken in 1912 back to the Ottoman Empire (with Libya organized through the Senussi Order)
    • Italian Eritrea and Somalia are handed over to Ethiopia
    • Demilitarization of the Italian army by reducing army size to 7 divisions
    • Lombardy and a 50 km zone along the Po are to remain demilitarized
    • 1/2 of the Regia Marina is to be handed over to Austria-Hungary
    • 1/3rd of the Regia Marina is to be handed over to Germany
    • The remaining Regia Marina is to be interned in Italian ports under Austro-Hungarian control until the end of hostilities with the remaining Entente countries
    • War reparations totaling 1.1 billion Lira
    Armistice at Dieppe: Entente - Central Powers (12:00 12.12.1918)

    Representatives of the Central Powers and of the different Entente countries and their expeditionary forces in Europe sign a armistice, with peace negotiations agreed upon in Potsdam to bring a definitive peace treaty.

    Treaty of Cecilienhof: Entente - Central Powers (24.06.1919)

    Central Powers:
    German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Ethiopia, Poland, Lithuania, United Baltic Duchy, Ukraine and Azerbaijan

    Entente: United Kingdom, Canada, Newfoundland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Serbia, Montenegro, Portugal, Greece, Republic of China, Japan, Siam, Arab Revolt (Hejaz, Asir, Nejd, Beda) and Iran (though not a part of the Entente)
    • Restoration of the Khedivate of Egypt to the pre-1914 status quo (nominal Ottoman rule and British occupation)
    • British withdrawal from the occupation of Cyprus and the return to Ottoman rule
    • Surrender of the Arab Revolt and a return to nominal Ottoman rule
    • Restoration of Kuwait and Yemen to Ottoman suzerainty
    • Autonomy for Arabistan within Persia
    • Persian Azerbaijan to be seceded to the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
    • Secession of Crete to the Ottoman Empire, including a German naval base at Chania
    • Britain seceded Somaliland to Ethiopia
    • Restoration of the pre-war status quo in Africa between the remaining combatant powers
    • Austro-Hungarian is to gain control over Serbian and Montenegrin policy
    • Annexation of the Montenegrin coastline into Cisleithania
    • Annexation of the Sanjak into the Condominium of Bosnia
    • A new Albanian monarchy headed by Ahmet Izzet Pasha is to be established under Ottoman overlordship, Wilhelm zu Wied renounces his rights to the throne
    • Serbian Macedonia and Eastern Serbia are to be annexed by Bulgaria
    • Serbian and Montenegrin Kosovo is to be annexed by Albania
    • Greek Macedonia including the city of Thessalonica is to be annexed by Bulgaria
    • Greek Epirus is to be annexed by Albania
    • Entente forces are to withdraw from European Russia as defined by the Urals and Ural River
    • The Entente are to recognize the treaties of Spa, Brest-Litovsk, Bucharest, Versailles and Pola
    • The Central Powers are barred from intervening in the ongoing conflict in Ireland and recognize British authority over the whole of the island
    • Confirmation of the Open Door Policy in China by both Entente and Central Powers parties
    • Return of all German Pacific colonies occupied during the course of the war
    • All merchant vessels seized during the war are returned to the original owner
    • Immediate sharing of all information on laid minefields so that actions to clear them can be undertaken
    • Pre-war contracts about naval deliveries to Central Powers are to be completed
    • Czechoslovak Legion is barred from returning to the Habsburg monarchy
    • No reparations
    Armistice of Beijing: Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic - Russian State and the Great Mongolian State (25.10.1922)

    Nominal end to the Russian Civil War, both parties agree to their lines of control. The Russian State headed by Peter Wrangel is internationally generally recognized as the successor of the Russian Empire and maintains the illegitimacy of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the Treaty of Smolensk. The Czechoslovak Legion as of yet remains in the Far East.
     
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