Operation Red Sword – The Russian Campaign
“France is now embarking on a struggle that will surely end in catastrophe, death and ultimately, fall of the malevolent Fascist regime. The conquest of Russia has been attempted many times history, and each time the land of the Rus has been a graveyard for those who dared violate the sacred soil of the Motherland! Like Napoleon before him, let Russia be the downfall of the Fascist beast, Sanvea.” – Pravda
The inevitable war had finally arrived. Just moments after the declaration of war, Field Marshall Gamelin, at the French High Command HQ in Ruthenia, gave the orders for the commencement of Operation Red Sword, the attack against the Soviet Union.
The Battle of Helsinki – Part 1
At five o'clock on the morning of the 21st, the telephone rang at the IV Armée headquarters. The HQ was located in the Town Hall of a small village just outside Helsinki. Outside, a torrent of rain began to poor down from the ominous black clouds that blanketed the sky over the Finnish capital. The call was from Major Raimo Lipponen, the gold medallist athlete with the Finnish II Army Corps on the Vladaya Sector (eastern outskirts of Helsinki). His message was logged in the IV Armée war dairy: “According to the statement of a Russian officer captured in the area of the 7th Finish Infantry Division, the expected attack against the capital shall start at five o’clock. The officer claims that the Russian forces are more than double than what French military intelligence estimated.” It was already after five, and there was no sign of the offensive starting. In fact, the frontline had fallen silent after the Russian barrages subsided at about three o’clock. The officer’s suggestion that the size of the Russian force outside Helsinki was larger that predicted (estimated at 8 infantry divisions, and 2 tank divisions) was rejected. The news from Lipponen was not considered important, and so the duty officer did not wake the army’s Chief of Staff.
In fact, all through the night, under the cover of darkness, Soviet snappers in camouflage suits had been crawling forward in the mud, lifting anti-tank mines. The massed Russian artillery and mortar batteries were reloaded at 5.15 a.m. on receipt of the code word ‘Strike’. Ten minutes later, the guns and howitzers received the order to prepare to fire. The signal was relayed by trumpets, which were clearly heard by the Finnish troops opposite. Some 2, 500 guns and heavy mortars had been concentrated to blast a route for the huge Soviet Northern Front Army, compromising a dozen infantry divisions, five tanks divisions and two cavalry divisions. The first round of salvos sounded like sudden thunderclaps in the sky. The ground began shaking as if from a low intensity earthquake. The artillery barrages the day before against Helsinki were nothing in comparison to the concentrated attack that opened the way for the Soviet troops and tanks. After one hour, Soviet rifle divisions, unsupported by tanks, rapidly advanced. The guns and mortar batteries, still shooting behind, increased their range to take on the Finnish second line and artillery. The shaken Finnish infantry fought back bravely. The initial Soviet attack was repulsed. A second assault, this time supported by tanks, smashed through the Finnish lines at around ten o’clock.
A Russian column, advancing through the forest east of Helsinki
In spite of liaison officers and new phone lines that had recently been laid by the Finnish government, little detailed information made its way to the IV Armée headquarters. The first hint that the situation might be more dangerous than previously thought did not arrive until two hours after the Soviet breakthrough. News came of an enemy armoured spearhead that had broken right through the Finnish 9th Infantry Division. This news had already sown panic in Finnish formation headquarters, as boxes of files and personal luggage were thrown on trucks and sent away from the frontline on the eastern approaches of Helsinki. By this time, the IV Armée headquarters was in a panic, and General Gentilhomme responded by sending French units forward to support faltering Finnish lines.
When the French troops arrived at the front, they discovered that the Finnish lines were in anarchy, and countless Finnish soldiers were fleeing in panix, many leaving behind their weapons. Later that afternoon, as the French were attempting to stabilise the frontline, a solid wave of Soviet tanks launched a fresh assault. The French soldiers, lacking sufficient quantities of anti-tank weapons, fought bravely but were unable to hold off the tanks for long. Waves of infantry followed, and under intense pressure, the French formations erupted in chaos, and thousands of soldiers fled back to Helsinki. During the night, the entire front stretching from Vantaa, a large town 20 miles northwest of Helsinki, to the Gulf of Finland collapsed. By morning, the Soviet forces had advanced nearly seven miles, and thousands of bewildered French soldiers were caught behind enemy lines.
Russian officers watching as their troops advance against Finnish and French forces, south of Vantaa
Thousands more were massacred as they tried desperately in vain to halt the wave of Soviet tanks and the seemingly endless supply of men. Fleeing French and Finnish forces were ruthlessly bombed by Soviet aircraft, inflicting a devastating number of casualties. By midday, the Finnish air force had been incapacitated, and there were no French aircraft in Finland. The Soviets now controlled the air space over Helsinki virtually unchallenged.
In the wake of the Soviet assaults, the countryside to the east of Helsinki lay in waste; small towns, hamlets and farm buildings still burned. Soviet aviation and artillery targeted any building in case it carried a command post, or housed enemy soldiers. The shelling of farm buildings as likely depots or posts resulted into the terrible slaughter of animals unable to escape from being burned alive.
For many French units not in the immediate line of fire, the reality of what was taking place took some time to become clear. In the case of Private Richard Amballion, a soldier in the 6th Battalion of the Metz Regiment in the 22nd Infantry division, he and his comrades greeted the news of Russian attack without dismay. “Everyone was optimistic,” he noted in his dairy, “and thought we were winning.” However, this upbeat mood soon changed as reports “of all kinds, which spoke of retreat and disaster to the east of Helsinki” filtered through. On the morning 22nd, he and his comrades, stationed in western Helsinki, realised that there must be “some truth” in these reports when they were told to pack up and prepare to leave at any time.
During the course of the 22nd, the mass of Soviet troops advanced further and further towards Helsinki. By nightfall, news reached General Gentilhomme that Red Army units had smashed through the last defence structures, the “Mannerheim Defence Sector Lines” bordering the eastern edge of the capital. The Finnish forces were in disarray, and reports reached Helsinki that Finnish forces in the Lake Ladoga region had been pushed out of Soviet territory, and that sizeable Red Army formations were massing in Timisjino and Tichvin in preparation for attacks against south western Finland. On the morning of the 23rd, the Finnish government ordered the complete civilian evacuation of Helsinki. During an emergency meeting between General Gentilhomme and the Finnish High Command that same morning, Gentilhomme warned President Mannerheim that “Soviet forces outnumber French and Finnish forces 4 to 1. Our chances of victory are narrow, as our limited forces cannot contend with the pure numbers of the Russian horde.”
At French High Command HQ in Ruthenia, Field Marshall Gamelin received an encrypted telegram from the Château Borgonnesailon signed by President Sanvea. The telegram ordered the immediate “evacuation of French troops from Helsinki,” citing that “it has become evident that Soviet numbers in the region were grossly underestimated. We have made no provision for such an extensive enemy attack on the Finnish capital.” In a meeting with Bombardier, Gamelin’s representative Lt. General Demarche, as well as number of other military advisors, Sanvea revealed his fears of a disaster in Helsinki. Furthermore, he admitted that he was considering a retreat, “I am not going to condemn soldiers of the Republic to a certain death in Helsinki. We have to withdraw before it is too late.” In this way, Sanvea differed from his counterparts, Stalin and Hitler, who had both promoted the notion of “not one step back.” Both dictators would not allow retreats, even if it meant the death of thousands of their own troops. Sanvea, on the other hand, refused to submit to such a blind and irrational view.
In the early hours of the 24th of August, Gentilhomme received orders to withdraw from Helsinki to the Maijo sector (50 miles east of Turku), where a secure defence line would be established. Gamelin assured the distraught Gentilhomme that reinforcements would arrive as soon as possible, so that the French and Finnish could mount a counter-offensive to take back Helsinki. This was an empty pledge, as Gamelin knew that he could not spare sufficient forces for the defence of Finland.