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Mettermrck

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Archbishopric of Cologne

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Nation: Cologne
Head of State: Augustin Cullen
Religion: Catholic
Culture: German
Stats: 1/0/3/4/2 --> [1/0/3/4/2]
Provinces: 1
Ports: 0
Owned: Köln

2003_luther_018.jpg

Augustin Cullen
'To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace. '​
(1419 - )​
Augustin Cullen embraced the life of the Church since he was young, chosen for this theological service as the third son of a modest noble family. Slowly rising through the ecclesiastical hierarchy and seen as a Church moderate with many traditional views, Cullen maintained a dignified humility as his works came to the attention of those in Germany and Italy. The passing of Archbishop Grössling in 1454 left a vacancy for which the then Bishop of Paderborn was nominated. Amidst a time of Imperial uncertainty and a dormant theological atmosphere, Cullen's candidacy came at a key time in Köln's history, when the sacrum overshadowed the secular.
 
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luther_church.jpg

Die Römisch-Katholische Kirche

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Evolution of Mother Church
(‘An instructional page for the education of those who have turned their hearts away from the true faith of the Universal Catholic Church’)


First Ecumenical Council -- Nicaea I

SITE: Nicaea (in N.W. Asia Minor)
YEAR: A.D. 325
POPE: St. Sylvester I, 314 - 335
EMPEROR: Constantine I, The Great, Western Roman Emperor 306-337; Sole Emperor 324 - 337

ACTION: Called by the emperor and ratified by the Pope, this council condemned the heresy of Arius (priest of Alexandria, d. 336) by defining the CONSUBSTANTIALITY of God the Son with God the Father. The Son is of the "same substance," homo-ousion, as the Father (St. Athanasius); not merely a "like substance," homoi-ousion (as with the semi-Arians); nor is He (as Arius taught) some sort of super-creature.

NOTE: St. Athanasius, Doctor of the Church (d. 373), Bishop of Alexandria, was present as deacon and peritus at Nicaea; exiled five times and excommunicated by the Arians. St. Ephrem, Doctor of the Church (d. 373), deacon, was also present at Nicaea as peritus.

HERESIARCH: ARIUS.
Reference



Second Ecumenical Council -- Constantinople I

SITE: Constantinople
YEAR: A.D. 381
POPE: St. Damasus I, 367 - 384
EMPEROR: Theodosius I, the Great, 379 - 395

ACTION: It appears that Pope St. Damasus I was not contacted in regard to this council attended by about 186 bishops. Called by the emperor, it was not attended by the pope or his legates or any bishops from the West. Nevertheless, it is listed as a General Council of the 4th century by papal decrees of the 6th century, by which time its doctrinal definitions were accepted throughout the Church. This council condemned the heresy of Macedonius by clearly defining the divinity of the Holy Ghost: He is not created like the angels no matter how high an order is attributed to such a "creature." The council also reaffirmed the faith of Nicaea.

NOTE: St. Gregory Nazianzen, Doctor of the Church (d. 389), was the bishop presiding. St. Cyril of Jerusalem, Doctor of the Church (d. 386), was also in attendance.

HERESIARCH: MACEDONIUS.
Reference




Third Ecumenical Council – Ephesus

SITE: Ephesus
YEAR: A.D. 431
POPE: St. Celestine I, 423 - 432
EMPEROR: Theodosius II, 408 - 450

ACTION: Called by the Eastern Emperor, Theodosius II, influenced by his pious sister, St. Pulcheria (Emperor in the West was Valentinian III, 425 - 455), and ratified by Pope Celestine I, this council condemned the heresy of Nestorius by clearly defining the Divine maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. There are two natures in Christ (Divine and Human), but only one Person (Divine). Mary is the Mother of this one Divine Person, the eternal Second Person of the Blessed Trinity. Nestorius was deposed as bishop of Constantinople. This council also briefly affirmed the condemnation of the Pelagians (see local Council of Carthage, A.D. 416).

NOTE: St. Cyril of Alexandria, Doctor of the Church (d.444), was the bishop presiding.

HERESIARCH: NESTORIUS.
Reference



Fourth Ecumenical Council -- Chalcedon

SITE: Chalcedon, (north of Constatinople)
YEAR: A.D. 451
POPE: St. Leo I, the Great, 440 - 461
EMPEROR: Marcian, 450 - 457

ACTION: Called by Emperor Marcian, spouse of the chaste and noble St. Pulcheria, and ratified by Pope St. Leo the Great, the council condemned the heresy of the Abbot Eutyches, MONOPHYSITISM, which claimed that there existed only "one nature" (the divine) in Christ from the Incarnation onward. Though the council had approved the assertion that Constantinople should be ranked first after Rome ecclesiastically, Pope St. Leo did not. The primacy of the See of Rome was due to it's possession of the Chair of Peter, not to any political power. In his "Dogmatic Epistle," read by his legates at the end of the second session of the council (Oct. 10, 451), Pope St. Leo I also declared invalid all that had been done at the "Robber Synod of Ephesus" (a false Ephesus II): " ....we see no Council, but a den of thieves (Latrocinium)." In the greatest testimony of the Eastern Council to the primacy of the Pope, the bishops cried out: "Behold the faith of the fathers, the faith of the Apostles; thus through Leo has Peter spoken!" Eutyches was excommunicated.

NOTE: Pope St. Leo I, Doctor of the Church (d. 461), was called the "Soul" of Chalcedon.

HERESIARCH / HERETICS: EUTYCHES - MONOPHYSITES.
Reference



Fifth Ecumenical Council -- Constantinople II

SITE: Constantinople
YEAR: A.D. 553
POPE: Vigilius, 537 - 555
EMPEROR: Justinian I, 527 - 565

ACTION: Effectively called by Justinian I and eventually ratified by Pope Vigilius, Constantinople II condemned a collection of statements known as the "Three Chapters": 1) the person and the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Master of Nestorius, originator of that heresy; 2) the writings of Theodoret of Cyrrhus; 3) the writings of Ibas of Edessa. The last two friends of Nestorius had been restored to their sees by Chalcedon when they no longer opposed the teachings of St. Cyril of Alexandria (d. 444) and of Ephesus. Chalcedon was not discredited here (as the Monophysites had hoped) since it had been concerned with men. Constantinople II was concerned with their writings, although a hundred years after they had died.

NOTE: Two important local councils condemning heresies: Carthage (416) solemnly approved by Pope Innocent II, (401 - 417), and then in 418 by Pope Zosimus (417 - 418), condemned Pelagianism (Pelagius, a British Monk), which heresy denied original sin calling it only "bad example." Orange (429) France, solemnly approved by Pope Boniface II (530 - 532), condemned Semi-Pelagianism (an over-reaction to St. Augustine on grace), which claimed man needed grace only after his first supernatural act. St. Augustine made it clear that God's grace is first.

NOTE: Council referred much to St. Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, Doctor of the Church (d. 444).

HERESIARCH: THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA ("3 Chapters").
Reference



Sixth Ecumenical Council -- Constantinople III

SITE: Constantinople
YEARS: A.D. 680 - 681
POPES: St. Agatho, 678 - 681, and St. Leo II, 682 - 683
EMPEROR: Constantine IV, 668 - 685

ACTION: Called by Emperor Constantine IV, and its calling authorized by Pope St. Agatho, this council condemned the heresy of the Monothelites (Mono-one thelema-will), which attributed only one will, to Christ (the divine), instead of two wills (divine and human), which two are in perfect accord within the one divine person, Jesus. Constantinople III also reconfirmed Chalcedon. Pope St. Leo II, 682 - 683, approved the decrees of Constantinople III, Pope St. Agatho having died (Jan. 10) before the council's end.

NOTE: Pope St. Leo II also condemned Pope Honorius I (625 - 638) for negligence of duty in the face of heresy, in that he should have ascertained that Sergius was teaching not a mere harmony (oneness) of wills in Christ but literally one will in Christ, the divine will. Honorius had not spoken ex cathedra, so infallibility had not been involved.

HERESY/HERESIARCH: MONOTHELITISM originated by SERGIUS (patriarch of Constantinople, 610 A.D.).
Reference



Seventh Ecumenical Council -- Nicaea II

SITE: Nicaea
YEAR: A.D. 787
POPE: Hadrian I, 772 - 795
EMPERORS: Constantine VI, 780 - 797 and Empress Irene (797 - 802)

ACTION: This council, called by Empress Irene (widow of Emperor Leo IV and regent for her son Constantine VI), with its doctrinal decree ratified by Pope Hadrian I, condemned ICONOCLASM. The Pope's epistle here, just as with Pope St.Leo I at Chalcedon, set the tone of the council.

NOTE: Brewing beneath the surface at this time, however, was a rejection of papal authority. The Eastern Bishops, cut off from Rome and receptive to heresy under persecution, were held suspect by Rome.

NOTE: Iconoclasm had been fostered by Emperor Leo III (717 - 741), who was opposed by Popes Gregory II (715 - 731) and Gregory III (731 - 741) and by St. John Damascene (d.749), priest and Doctor of the Church, who published three discourses in defense of images.

HERESY: ICONOCLASM.
Reference



Eighth Ecumenical Council -- Constantinople IV

SITE: Constantinople
YEARS: A.D. 869 - 870
POPE: Hadrian II, 867 - 872
EMPEROR: Basil, 867 - 886

ACTION: Called by Emperor Basil and ratified by Pope Hadrian II, this council condemned and deposed PHOTIUS (820 - 891), the patriarch of Constantinople and author of the Greek schism.

NOTE: In 1054 the Greek schism was actually consummated by Michael Cerularius, the Patriarch of Constantinople at that time. PHOTIUS attacked enforced clerical celibacy, the addition by the West of the "FILIOQUE" to the Creed, and the crowning of Charlemagne in the West. CERULARIUS (about 200 years later) closed the churches of the Latins in Constantinople, had the Blessed Sacrament cast out and trodden underfoot as invalid, and persisted in refusing to see the three delegates sent by Pope Leo IX (1049 - 1054). On 16 July, 1054, they publicly placed on the altar of Saint Sophia the document containing his excommunication.

HERESIARCH: PHOTIUS.
Reference



Ninth Ecumenical Council -- Lateran I

SITE: The Basilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome
YEAR: A.D. 1123
POPE: Callistus II, 1119 - 1124
EMPEROR: Henry V, 1106 - 1125

ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Callistus II, this council confirmed the Concordat of Worms (1122) between Emperor Henry V and Pope Callistus II, which secured that all elections of Bishops and Abbots should be made freely by the proper ecclesiastical authorities (electors). In Germany the emperor was to preside over these free elections and then bestow temporal power on the bishop so chosen, in return for temporal fealty. Outside Germany the emperor was to have no part in any elections.

NOTE: Also dealt with at this council was the subject of clerical marriages. It was decided that once ordained, a priest may not marry in either Latin or Eastern Rites.

CONTROVERSY: LAY INVESTITURE.
Reference



Tenth Ecumenical Council -- Lateran II

SITE: The Basilica of Saint John Lateran (Rome)
YEAR: A.D. 1139
POPE: Innocent II, 1130 - 1143
EMPEROR: Conrad III, 1137 - 1152

ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Innocent II, this council voided the acts of the deceased antipope, Anacletus II (d. 1138), ending the Papal schism of the time. It also condemned the heresies of: 1) Peter Bruys (Bruis) and his NEO-MANICHEANS, who denounced the Mass as a "vain show," opposed the Eucharist, marriage, and the baptism of children -- all this leading to Albigensianism ("Material things are evil in themselves"); 2) Arnold of Brescia, who contended that the Church was an "invisible body," not of this world, and should own no property.

NOTE: St. Bernard, Abbot and Doctor of the Church (d. 1153), preached against the abuses and laxity attendant upon lay investiture, and the Lateran Council set down laws to remove them.

HERESIARCHS: PETER BRUYS and ARNOLD of BRESCIA.
Reference



Eleventh Ecumenical Council -- Lateran III

SITE: The Basilica of Saint John Lateran (Rome)
YEAR: A.D. 1179
POPE: Alexander III, 1159 - 1181
EMPEROR: Frederick Barbarossa, 1152 - 1190

ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Alexander III, this council regulated the election of popes (two-thirds majority vote by the College of Cardinals was required for the Pope to be elected, and the emperor was excluded from voting). It annulled the acts of three antipopes: ANTIPOPE VICTOR IV (1159) and TWO SUCCESSORS. One of its chapters excommunicated the Albigensians, but dealing with them in greater detail was Lateran IV Council, under Pope Innocent III.
Reference



Twelfth Ecumenical Council -- Lateran IV

SITE : The Basilica of Saint John Lateran (Rome)
YEAR: A.D. 1215
POPE: Innocent III, 1198 - 1216
EMPEROR: Otto IV, 1208 - 1215

ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Innocent III [which pope defined ex cathedra (Denz. 430): "There is but one Universal Church of the faithful, outside of which no one at all is saved."], Lateran IV prescribed at least annual confession and communion for all the faithful and made official the use of the word, "TRANSUBSTANTIATION." Its only failure was the Fourth Crusade. It reformed discipline and condemned the heresies of: 1) ALBIGENSIANISM (NEO-MANICHEANISM), which opposed marriage and all sacraments and belief in the resurrection of the body; 2) WALDENSIANISM (anti-clerical heresy), which claimed that laymen living an apostolic life could forgive sins, while a priest in the state of sin could not absolve. Waldensianism also held that oath taking and assigning death penalties were held to be mortal sins. They also held that the Evangelical Counsel of poverty was a commandment, thus they forbad all private ownership of property.

HERESIES: ALBIGENSIANISM and WALDENSIANISM.
Reference



Thirteenth Ecumenical Council -- Lyons I

SITE: Lyons, France
YEAR: 1245
POPE: Innocent IV, 1243 - 1254
EMPEROR: Frederick II, 1215 - 1250

ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Innocent IV, this council excommunicated Emperor Frederick II, grandson of Frederick Barbarossa, for his contumacious attempt to make the Church merely a department of the state. Lyons I also directed a new crusade (the 6th) under the command of King St. Louis IX (1226 - 1270) of France against the Saracens and the Mongols.

HERETIC: EMPEROR FREDERICK II.
Reference



Fourteenth Ecumenical Council -- Lyons II

SITE: Lyons, France
YEAR: 1274
POPE: Blessed Gregory X, 1271 - 1276
EMPEROR: Rudolph I of Hapsburg, 1273 - 1291

ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Gregory X, this council declared the double procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son: "Qui ex Patre Filioque procedit." The return of the Eastern Church to union with Rome, sought by the popes, failed utterly.

NOTE: St. Thomas Aquinas, Priest and Doctor of the Church (d. 1274), died on his way to Lyons II. St. Bonaventure, Cardinal and Doctor of the Church (d.1274), was prominent at Lyons II, died there, and was buried by the council. FILIOQUE DEFINED and added to Nicene Creed.
Reference



Fifteenth Ecumenical Council -- Vienne

SITE: Vienne (South of Lyons), France
YEARS: 1311 - 1312
POPE: Clement V, 1305 - 1314
EMPEROR: Henry VII, 1308 - 1313

ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Clement V, first of the Avignon Popes (The "Avignon Captivity" lasted from 1305 until 1377, when Pope Gregory XI returned the Holy See to Rome), this council suppressed the Knights Templars (Master: Jacques de Molay) for crimes charged by King Philip IV of France. Their confiscated property was given to the Hospitalers or, in Spain, to national orders that had fought against the Moors. The council also declared that anyone who obstinately holds "that the rational or intellectual soul is not the form of the human body in itself and essentially, must be regarded as a heretic." (Denz. 481) The council also condemned the Beghards (males) and Beguines (females), who so stressed "inner union with God". Quietism, that prayer and fasting became unimportant. Quietism taught that the "spiritual" person is so perfect that he or she can give free reign to fleshly desires.

NOTE: In his 1302 Bull UNAM SANCTAM Pope Boniface VIII (1294 - 1303), declared ex cathedra that it is "...absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff." (Denz. 469) He was opposed by the French King Philip IV, the "Fair" (1268-1314), who seems to have given up on gaining a condemnation of Pope Boniface, while gaining one against the Knights Templars at Vienne, 1311.

HERESIES: The Errors of Peter John of Olivi and QUIETISM.
Reference



Sixteenth Ecumenical Council -- Constance

SITE: Constance, Germany
YEARS: 1414 - 1418
POPES: Gregory XII, 1406 - 1415; Martin V, 1417 - 1431
EMPEROR: Sigismund of Luxembourg, 1410 - 1437

ACTION: Called by Emperor Sigismund and Pope Gregory XII who authorized the convocation as he abdicated the Papacy. The anti-Popes Benedict XIII (Avignon) and John XXIII (Pisa) also agreed to "abdicate" in the interests of unity. The council elevated Martin V to the Chair of Peter to end the confustion of the Western Schism. Pope Martin ratified the council ...except the decrees which proposed conciliarism. In addition to ending the Western Schism, Constance also condemned the heresies of: 1) John Wycliffe, who rejected the Holy sacrifice of the Mass, emphasized scripture as the sole rule of faith, subscribed to Donatism, asserted the Pope is not the head of the Church, and bishops have no authority; and, 2) John Huss, who preached the above after Wycliffe's death.

HERETICS: WYCLIFFE and HUSS.
Reference

 
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Mettermrck

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luther_empire.jpg

Die Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation


Das Reichsglossar


allodial – free of feudal contract, usually an aspect of Imperial Cities or villages

Altfürstliche Häuserthe Ancient Princely Houses, those who had an individual voice in the Council of Princes

Briefadel – newer German nobility

BurggrafBurggrave, title derived from and similar to Count, in reference to a ruler of a city or town

Collegium der ReichstädteCollege of Imperial Cities, one of the three colleges or sections of the Imperial Diet

comitivadelegated powers, those which the Emperor has delegated to counts palatine, including minor (power to grant majority, legitimize, appoint notaries, grant arms) and major (ennoblement and power to grant the comitiva minor); hereditary in the houses of Pfalz and Schwarzburg

DurchlauchtSerene Highness, Your (Eure), His (Seine), the form of address used when referring to a Prince

Edlen Herrenthe Noble Lords, part of the third category of imperial nobility. Those nobles who did not hold a title.

EminenzEminence, Your (Eure), His (Seine), the form of address used when referring to a Cardinal

Erbbeamtelay officers who usually served in the Imperial Household and performed the actual functions in lieu of the Electors

ErzkanzlerArchchancellor, one of the three who belonged to the Imperial Household, held by Mainz for Germany, Cologne for Italy, and Trier for Gaul and Arles.

Erzämte – the High Offices of the Empire, the Household of the Emperor which was primarily for show, as embodied by the Electors, who were the High Officers. These were the Archchancellor of Germany (Mainz), the Archchancellor of Italy (Cologne), the Archchancellor of Gaul and Arles (Trier), the Grand Cup-bearer or Butler (Bohemia), the High Steward (Palatinate), the Grand Marshal (Saxony), the High Chamberlain (Brandenburg), and the High Treasurer (Palatinate)

Erzkämmerer – the High Chamberlain, one of the Imperial Household, responsible for the scepter. Held by Brandenburg

Erzmarschal – the Grand Marshall, one of the Imperial Household, responsible for the imperial swords, held by Saxony

Erzschatzmeister – the High Treasurer, one of the Imperial Household, responsible for the crown of Charlemagne. Held by the Palatinate

Erzschenk – the Grand Cup-bearer or Butler, one of the Imperial Household, held by Bohemia

Erztruchseß – the High Steward one of the Imperial Household, responsible for the orb. Held by the Palatinate

freie Herrschaftenfree Lordships

FreiherrBaron

FreistädteFree Cities

Fürsten – the Princes, the fourth and highest category of imperial nobility.

Fürstenrat – the Council of Princes, the second rank of the Imperial Diet, consisting of two benches or banks, the ecclesiastical and secular (lay).

Fürstenstand – the Princely rank, the status of being an imperial prince. Typically given by ownership of archbishoprics, bishoprics, duchies, margraviates, and other important secular and ecclesiastical territories

Fürstentum - principality

gefürstetenprincely, referring to the elevated territories ruled by Imperial Princes.

Geistlichebank – the ecclesiastical bench or bank of the Council of Princes. In addition to the larger immediacies, the bench included two smaller benches or Curias or smaller rulers.

Gemeine Pfennig – the common penny

GenadenGrace, Your (Eure), His (Seine), Her (Ihre), the form of address used when referring to a Bishop, a Duke, or a Duchess

GrafCount, held by families which, as a rule, descended from the ancient sheriffs.

GrafschaftCounty

GroßherzogGrand Duke

Heiliges römisches Reich – the Holy Roman Empire

HeiligkeitHoliness, Your (Eure), His (Seine), the form of address used when referring to the Pope

HerrLord, the form of address used when referring to lower untitled nobility, as in milord (mein Herr)

HerzogDuke

HerzogtumDuchy

Hochadel – the High Nobility, part of the third category of imperial nobility. Those nobles, consisting of Counts, Lords, and Princes, which were recognized as Imperial Estates. They had the right of Landeshoheit and representation in the Imperial Diet.

Hofpfalzgrafencounts palatine, or officials to whom the Emperor grants delegated powers

HoheitHighness, Your (Eure), His (Seine), Her (Ihre) the form of address used when referring to a prince

hoher Adel – high German nobility

jura reservata exclusiva (or communia) – the exclusive or concurrent powers of the Emperor, depending on whether individual territories also had these rights; the exclusive powers included ennoblement and conferral of titles, foundation of universities, concurrent powers included granting legal majority, legitimizing children, appointing notaries, granting arms

jura reservata illimita (or limita) – the unrestricted or restricted powers of the Emperor; depending on whether the Imperial Diet was involved; unrestricted powers included ennoblement and conferral of titles, foundation of universities, restricted powers included imposition of tolls, leasing of mints

KaiserEmperor

KönigKing

KurfürstenPrince-Electors, the seven nobles to which the right of imperial election was restricted by the Golden Bull of 1356. Also the first rank of the Imperial Diet.

Kurfürstenrat – the Electoral Council, one of the three colleges of sections of the Imperial Diet

Kuriatstimmen – the collective or curial voices held by smaller immediacies on the Council of Princes, the groupings of smaller rulers into Curias.

Landeshoheit – the sovereignty conferred by governance of an imperial immediacy, resembling that of an independent state though limited by the formal suzerainty of the Emperor.

LandgrafLand Count – title derived from and similar to Count

LandgrafschaftLandgraviate

landsässigenterritorial, in reference to the territorial nobility, the first category of imperial nobility - those who did not possess Landeshoheit, under the jurisdiction of their immediate territorial rulers

MajestätMajesty, Your (Eure), His (Seine), Her (Ihre)

MarkgrafMargrave, title derived from and similar to Count

niedriger Adel – lower German nobility

PfalzgrafCount Palatine

ReichsdeputationImperial delegation, diplomats, envoys, etc.

Reichsdörferimperial villages

ReichsgrafenkollegiumCollege of the Imperial Counts, the four small benches that were part of the secular (lay) bench of the Council of Princes.

Reichsländer – Imperial Lands

Reichsmatrikel – those states which paid the Imperial tax

Reichsritterschaft – the Imperial Knighthood, the second category of imperial nobility - individual rulers who were immediate to the Empire, possessed Landeshoheit, and did not pay imperial taxes – though they did not have the status of an Imperial Estate.

ReichsstädteImperial Cities

Reichstag – the Imperial Assembly or Diet, the

ReichsstandschaftImperial Estate

Reichsunmmitelbarkeit – an imperial immediacy, or one of the 1800 separate entities of the Empire, governed under the formal imperial suzerainty

ReichsvikarienImperial Vicars, those who governed in place of the Emperor when a regency was needed. In Germany, the Elector Palatine and the Elector of Saxony governed those areas governed by Frankish and Saxon law, respectively. In Italy, the Duke of Savoy governed

Ritterknight

Römischer KönigKing of the Romans

Sitz and Stimme – owning a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet

unmittelbar – or immediate to the Emperor, or those who governed one of the 1800 separate entities of the Empire under the imperial suzerainty

Uradel – ancient German nobility

Virilstimme – the individual voice possessed by the larger imperial immediacies in the Council of Princes, not as part of a group.

Weltlichebank – the secular (lay) bench or bank of the Council of Princes. This bench included four groups or Curias of smaller princes, or Colleges of Imperial Counts – these were of Franconia, Swabia, Wetterau, and Westphalia.

WildgrafForest Count


 
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Augustin set down his quill, sighing with the kind of exhaustion that only comes to the writer after hours of text. Slowly crinking his neck, he could feel some of the tension ebb, yet the fatigue of so much thought weighed on him, and the young Bishop gazed upon his work with the silent personal judgement only an author could bring. A Deo et Rege was only his second work to be published, a short history of the papacy and the empire, written without the more political assumptions that he easily could have made. Perhaps a few churches would inscribe a copy for their consumption and learning. Crude, perhaps, but maybe he was being too harsh.

There was a knock on the study door, and Augustin turned his head too quickly, feeling the tension in his neck throb painfully. ”Yyyess?”

”Messengers from the Mark, Your Grace.”

He smiled slightly, picturing the city father so annoyed at the nomination of one so young. Mark sees it as a threat, Augustin judged, someone he couldn’t control. And perhaps he was right. Besides, the city was not meant to control its church. The other way, however? He crossed himself at such a revelation of pride and turned back to the door, more slowly this time. ”Enter.”

The cedar door gave way to reveal the stoic form of his court steward, a man far older than him and someone who would call himself wiser, too, if Augustin let him. For now, however, Rolf was polite and reserved, taking a few proper steps into the room and bowing. ”Courier from Frankfurt, Your Grace. The Electors meet in congress.”

Augustin nodded, though he could feel the rush of interest. He, too, would rank himself among such noble lords, with a solemn duty to nominate and elect their Emperor. No, he shook his head. That was for His Holiness. They could only present their King and see him forth from there. Thinking of matters theological, he cocked his head. ”And His Holiness? Still in Prague?”

Rolf nodded, with a slight twinkle in his eye. ”Hmm, yes. Ladislav entertains him. Or perhaps the other way around. One can never tell these days…”

Augustin frowned slightly, though he enjoyed the momentary impertinence. ”Indeed? Well. That will be my first destination. I trust you can keep things in order here? The Marks are aware of my positions, so there should be little trouble on that score. Problems? Simply send someone to me and I shall resolve. Anything else?” When Rolf shook his head, he nodded in dismissal.

Books, he thought regretfully, were for another time then. For now, he had more momentous stories to author.
 
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Longinus

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A letter arrives from Stettin and finds the archbishop somewhere in Prague.

pomflag.jpg

Onto Augustin Cullen, Cardinal and Archbishop of Cologne, Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire.

Your Eminence,

We have been forced to write this massive as the recent news from Burgundy grows more and more alarming with each passing day. The rumours of the events and occurrences in Dijon, which all happened in the winter last year, are now confirmed.

It would appear that the rebels, led by a certain Bnjamin, Alsatian Jew and imposter, who is styling himself on Philippe du Berry, son of Marie du Berry, took Dijon and the Royal Court by treachery. The rebels killed the good king Louis with cold blood, showing no mercy. Fortunately Queen Anna managed to escape though and is now trying to stand against the odds in a secured place somewhere in Burgundy.

With that being said, we kindly ask Your Eminence to extend Your support to the rightful Queen Marie II and her mother Anna, through the political influences and perhaps even military might.

Enclosed, we send you a text of the proclamation we have prepared during our stay in Gelre. Sometimes, political pressure means more than the swords and lances. We kindly ask Your Eminence to sign it for the sake of Queen Marie and her mother. (ooc: in the Nat stats)

Surely, Your Eminence has heard of the Royalists finally raising their heads and defending her Queen against the rebels? It is our belief that we must help Her Majesty and the Union of Starssburg with all our might and to put the rebellion down without mercy.

Thusly, if Your Eminence decide to eventually send us help in form of Koloner levies, we kindly ask to send them to the Free City of Strasburg where the Allied forces are to join and start the eradication of oathbreakers.

United we shall prevail.

Given in Stettin,

Casmir of the Greif, King of Sweden, Duke of Pommerania, Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Grubenhagen and Wolfenbüttel, Duke of Poznan, Margrave of Danzig, Prince-Protector of Sweden, Overlord of Ingermanland, Kexholm, Memel and Gotland, Master of the Imperial Hunt,

Christine von der Greif-Wittelsabch, Dowager Queen of Sweden, Dowager Duchesse of Pommernia, Hannover and Poznan.

Proclamation of Zutphen


We, the undersigned proclaim the following.

That we greatly despise the regicides and rebels who rose against their most rightful King and Queen, acting against their will and the will of Almighty God who put the Royalty on the throne to take care of his sheep. Truly there is no excuse for those who act against the will of their God.

That we hold in highest disregard those who provoked this shameful act and will never let them into our lands, and should they tresspass our lands they shall be hunted down as the worst criminals and eventually find their death through humiliation and strangulation.

That we support the only and true Queen and Duchesse, that is Marie II du Berry, daughter of the late King Louis du Berry and Queen Anna du Griffon.

That we call upon all nobles, burghers and peasants of Lotharingia who foolishly followed the regicides or were fooled by them, to renounce any ties to them, if they have any, with the devilish imposter and murderer styling himself as Philippe du Berry. Should you not do so, not only hellfire awaits you in the miserable afterlife, but also your lands will be treated with fire and sword, until such time comes that the rightful Queen shall be restored to her throne. Those who hesitated before, raise your arms against the usurper and beg your rightful Queen for forgiveness. Those how will do so shall undoubtedly meet their rewards both in the mundane and after lives.

Signed on this 28th day of February in the Year of Our Lord MCDLIV in Zutphen, on the Saints Romanus and Lupicinus day, God Almighty be our witness.​

The letter itself is brought by a certain noble who introduce himslef as Marcus von Wittgenstein-Kafka. After he shows his credentials he expressess his desire to speak about more up-to-date issues, such as the Imperial elections and the stance of the House of Gryphon on them.
 

Mettermrck

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”Castle Luenstein has been unoccupied for almost thirty years now...” August Mark looked still as his eyes flickered briefly to the young man sitting across from him. The young man, of course, did not blink, merely maintaining the casual smile he had retained since entering the room – the smile of one who is getting what he wants and knows there is no undoing it. Mark made a show of turning to sip his wine and couldn’t help but frown slightly. Why now? Was there a motive to the timing?

His guest, Conrad Cullen, younger brother to the Erzbischof, adjusted his feet slightly. ”Why yes, milord. I was. I am confident, of course, that I can undo decades of wind and rain. Or, should I say, my household can.”. He grinned with an aristocratic lifting of his eyebrows and drank his wine for real.

Mark nodded after a moment, maintaining his politeness. ”Well, we are honored that Seine Eminenz has seen fit to install his brother in such a strategic castle. You will certainly have a splendid view...of river and ships.”

Cullen’s smiled widened. That was a bit direct, he thought, though he didn’t mind, since he held the trump. That Luenstein castle could dominate Rhine traffic that passed it by was only part of the prestige that came with its inheritance. And unfortunately for Herr Ratmeister Mark, the Stadtrat was only too happy to fall over themselves in giving it to the Cullens. For a moment, his smile became rueful. Well, at least Augustin had fulfilled this part. Conrad hoped the other boon would come shortly. Then, perhaps, he would keep to his promise and...behave himself. Maybe. Augustin was always such the scholar. He wanted to yawn, then, which he managed to keep in check. ”I’m sure our relations with be most neighborly, milord. Now, if you’ll excuse me, I had best see to my inspection. I trust those supplies will be forthcoming? And thank you again for your generosity.”

As he stood and left, Mark gritted his teeth in frustration. He wasn’t sure which Cullen he detested the most...the churchman or the brash youth.
 

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An elderly man arrives at the tidy little court. His grayed hair lies in disarray upon his head. For the most part this visitor seems quite scattered. He drops his bag clumsily as he wanders about in search of some humble reception. After several moments he comes upon a young servant tending to some tedious chore. He puts out his hand, for the servant to shake in an attempt to seem friendly, before saying anything. Then after a moment of awkward silence he begins his work.

“Good day sir. I pray your master is in good health. My name is Ludwig. I have traveled from Saxony to speak with your lord, or one of his representatives. It should be said that the Duke of Saxony endorses my visit. My purpose, in visiting this splendid residence, is to discuss matters of commerce. Could you kindly convey this message to your liege? I would be most appreciative if you would do so.”
 

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The elder man was shown into a small chamber with little ostentation, where another gentlemen, not much younger, sat and appeared a bit preoccupied. Almost distractedly, he waved the Saxon representative to sit with a distinct lack of ceremony.

"Hmm, yes, welcome to Köln. We are, hmm, honored, to have you here. Seine Eminenz, unfortunately, is in Frankfurt for the coronation. Unfortunate for you, perhaps, though not, of course, for the coronation. Hmm." He breathed deeply for a moment, as if deciding to dwell on something later and turned to the Saxon with a smile. "Ah, yes. Your visit. Well, in my capacity as Ratmeister perhaps I might be of some use? Seine Eminenz's brother Conrad resides nearby too and can be consulted?" He looked as if the last had been spoken through gritted teeth. "Or we can convene the Stadtrat on your behalf? I'm sure Seine Genaden, die Herzog von Sachsen, is in Frankfurt as well?"
 

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A strange man in odd dress has recently been seen sneaking around the city. In broken and almost unintelliglible latin he speaks of visions sent to him by God, ordering him to travel North. The man does not seem to care that most of the people do not understand a word of what he says.
 

Mettermrck

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diet.jpg

Frankfurt-am-Main

Conrad squinted at the ceiling of the grand reception hall. A testament to pomposity, he grinned to himself as he slowly walked into the imposing Diet Hall. Now where was that brother of his? Ah yes! Amongst the other purple and red creatures. He spotted a rather dignified collection of these specimens at the far end of the entrance foyer, no doubt each comparing tips in clerical fashion. With an exaggerated swagger, he walked over to where Augustin was standing, either not noticing or deliberately ignoring him.

”Gott im Himmel! They’ll let anyone in these proceedings!”

With an embarrassed sigh – though his eyes twinkled slightly – Augustin turned and regarded him. ”Ah, brother. I was wondering when you would arrive.”

”Surely that question was answered a few moments ago, when you spotted my entrance.” Conrad grin and looked directly at the other priests who seemed to be giving him a concerned appraisal. The fools!

Augustin was too well schooled and let the meek sally pass. He nodded with a smile. ”Indeed. Well, you’re here at least...and mildly punctual.” He, too, gave his brother an appraisal, though more for show than his colleague’s nervous annoyance. ”And how fares Köln? Are the Marks behaving themselves? Are youbehaving yourself?”

With mock horror, Conrad spread his arms wide, struggling to look affronted, though he ended up bursting out in laughter. ”Why, I am shocked! Of course I’m behaving myself.” Augustin’s ears cringed slightly under the weight of his brother’s voice. ”I’m not a fool to pass up all this...pageantry, for an indulgence of mine...or two.”

Conrad then tried to look more serious, though the effect was lost on the others. ”No, dear brother, you needn’t fear for my soul....right this moment, I mean. I take the Empire seriously...even if nothing else.” He winked, and Augustin again let it be.

”I see. I take it you know Father Gerard? And the Monsignor? They were just telling me of proceedings in Paderborn. It will also be my adopted town, I suppose, even if my responsibilities increase.” He turned slightly so that the men could nod to each other, a formality rather than anything he deemed useful. ”Now then. I am overdue in Monte Cassino, and I mustn’t keep Seine Heiligkeit waiting. That being said, I’ve been hoping to secure an audience with Seine Kaiserliche Majestät. Alas, dear Ladislav seems to be still in planning for his coronation.”

Conrad frowned slightly. ”It’s his prerogative, brother.” Then his features cleared and he grinned again. ”Besides, it’s not everyday you hold the grandest pageant of them all! Did...are...you going to ask him?”

Augustin held up his hands placatingly. ”Yes, yes, of course. You needn’t fear. I want you to represent me and Köln while I’m away in Italy. You know my mind, so if you find yourself in disagreement, I beg your indulgence and ask for your silence? I’d hate to have a mess to clean up upon my return.”

Conrad smiled and feigned innocence. ”Natürlich.” Then his serious expression returned and he pointed at his brother. ”You just fulfill your part, and I’ll do mine.” With a quick laugh, he dispelled the tension and clapped Augustin on the shoulder. ”Food, man! Food! Enough talk! Surely even priests eat? Though, from what I've seen of Dominicans, consumption is a virtue, not a vice.”

Augustin instinctively stiffened at the blasphemy before finally smirking, putting his arm around his brother’s shoulder. ”Come. Let’s enjoy Ladislav’s largesse while we still have the chance.”
 
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A letter arrives for Conrad, from his brother Augustin, still attending the Council in Monte Cassino.

”Brother –

I trust this missive finds you well and behaving yourself. I note the distinct lack of correspondence from Frankfurt or Aachen, so I can only surmise that either there is nothing going on, the Emperor is still taking his time, or you are not a friend of letters. If the latter, I invite you to remove this trait of yours, so that we may discuss pertinent matters on Imperial and clerical politics.

Now then, to the true purpose of this letter. I’ve heard from Köln that our city investments have suffered something of a downturn? Are the Marks supervising the boat traffic ably enough? I want you to apply your personal supervision and fix whatever needs fixing. While I aspire to a career of humble service, and hope to make something of you as well, we cannot forget the need for a steady income to support us in the style befitting our station. In addition to enjoying the delights of the Reichstag, I want you to keep an eye on affairs back home. Can you do this for me?

Your affectionate brother,

Augustin

Behave yourself.
 

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luenstein.txt

They stood on the rock that jutted prominently out from the cliff face underneath Luenstein Castle. Conrad, on a short respite from what was shaping up to be a dull Reichstag session in Frankfurt, gestured sweepingly over the river, which swept past them in a slow turn in course to the south, picking up speed before it approached the city of Köln and its docks. He bent down, and picked up a bit of the soil, letting it fall through his fingers. ”Soft yet firm. I suspect that when your men do a proper inspection, they’ll find that the whole of this narrow promontory has a similar composition. Perfect then. Now, how much will it cost and how long?”

His companion, a castle grounds man named Otto, looked skeptically at him but said nothing negative. His pay was generous enough, after all. ”I’d say one hundred men simple enough, three months if the materials are here in time. Two you say?”

Conrad grinned. ”Oh yes. Two. And big ones, mind you, so you’d better figure out a way to get them down here.” He looked up at the castle. ”It’s two hundred feet here, maybe shorter downriver a bit. Or you could try a barge, though the current is rather dangerous. Either way, as long as it gets done. Now, then. I’ll have your advance this evening, and I want your men to take a look tomorrow and confirm my impressions. We’re going to make quite a splash on this river, mind you.” Picking up a stone, he flung it into the river, watching it plunk with a momentary splash.
 
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