Andy's African History posting + Africa Update Suggestions Part 2: Nubia

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Srminibagel

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Nubia
Yes, one of the oldest civilizations on earth is chock full of potential content and cool stuff that would be great for eu4, if only it is given the love it deserves.

Here's my fixed map of Nubia. And, yes, I'm aware that it was stated in a comment on the last dev diary that there would be no changes to the map. However, I think that is a mistake, and would like to desperately plead to Paradox to change their mind on that front. Africa's map as it is now is absolutely unworkable. There are provinces the size of European countries, entire historically relevant island chains missing from the map, borders that seem like arbitrary blobs with no historical or cultural basis that are clearly a relic of EU4's distant past. Simply put, Africa needs border changes more than any other region in the game. Not doing them in destining this update for failure. Mission trees and events cannot fix the fundamentally broken current state of Africa in EU4.
Nubia-Fixed.png

With that said, let's talk about Nubia. In 1444, Nubia had been a part of the Christian world for centuries. The powerful kingdoms of Alodia and Makuria dominated the region, and even won impressive victories of Arab and Ethiopian armies. However, some time in the 13th century AD, things started to go wrong. Power struggles with the Ayyubids and later Mamluks, an invasion by bedouin nomads, and a devastating outbreak of plague have immensely weakened the kingdom of Makuria. Alodia is faring even worse. Some scholars even contend that Alodia had already collapsed by 1444, but certain archaeological findings support its continued but severely weakened existence until the late 15th century. This time period marked the beginning of the transition of the Upper Nile Valley from a culturally Nubian, Christian region into the culturally Arab Muslim region that it is today.

Tags
Makuria: Once the most powerful Christian Nubian polity, the kingdom is now a shell of its former self. Its old capital of Dongola has fallen and is now a vassal of the Bedouins, forcing them to retreat north to Qasr Ibrim. On a side note, Dongola was a much more important site to the Coptic faith. It, not Qasr Ibrim, should serve as the coptic blessing in Nubia. While weak, however, Makuria's last great king, Joel, led a brief cultural and political renaissance of the kingdom, which should reflect in the player having access to a high skilled ruler at game start. If leveraged right, Makuria can reclaim lost cores on Dongola and much of the rest of northern Nubia, with the help of its sole vassal, Dotawo.

Abdalabi: Some time in the mid 15th century, a tribe of Rufaa Arabs known as the Abdalabi asserted their power in northern Nubia. They quickly asserted themselves as a new force to be reckoned with, capturing the city of Dongola and turning it into a vassal kingdom. Not much later, around 1480, they would invade further South, nearly destroy the Abwab kingdom and the remains of Alodia. While they would eventually be subjugated themselves at the hands of the Funj, they stood a real chance of becoming the new masters of Sudan, and even continued to rule the north of Sudan as vassals.

Abwab: As Alodia weakened in the 13th century, its northern territories broke away to form their own independent kingdom, known to the Arabs as Al-Abwab (Arabic for The Doorway). This Christian state is not very well understood, but managed to outlive its predecessor, surviving until its conquest by the Funj in the 16th century.

Alodia: Similarly to Makuria, Alodia is a state that was incredibly power centuries before game-start. Its capital of Soba, once a grand metropolis, now lays nearly abandoned. Despite this, however, the state still has some cores to its north, so recovering Alodia's status as a great power is hard, but possible. Oral traditions in Sudan state that the kingdom actually survived as a rump state to the South called Fazughli, though the veracity of these stories is worthy of skepticism.

Funj: Currently, this state doesn't exist in the start, but rather emerges by event in 1500. While the Funj sultanate did not emerge as a great power until the 16th century, their ancestors were already living in the Eastern Sahel, so I see no reason not to include them so that players can pick this nation in 1444. The Funj are a people who would emerge from obscurity to eventually conquer the entirety of Sudan. Likely descended from the neighboring Shilluk people, the Funj Sultan would claim descent from the Umayyad dynasty of Arabia as a source of legitimacy. I'll talk more about them later.

Shilluk: A pagan,Nilotic people from modern day South Sudan, the Shilluk Kingdom. In 1444, the Shilluk state is a new institution, being established around this time by the legendary reth (king) Nyikang. The Shilluk would resist conquest by the Funj (though the Funj would eventually seize the northern half of the Shilluk kingdom's territories), and the states even aligned themselves with crushing multiple revolts by the Dinka people in the Shilluk's northern provinces. A revolt tag called Dinka should exist in the kingdoms two northern provinces to reflect this subject population.

Kunama: A pagan people in modern Eritrea, the Kunama live an agrarian lifestyle without a centralized state, but instead rely on their matrilineal, clan based system of local governments to run affairs. For this reason, the Kunama ought to be Africa's first stateless society in eu4.

Semien: A vassal of Ethiopia, the Jewish region of Semien had recently been conquered by the Solomonic kings of Ethiopia. However, they are still ruled by a Jewish governor, which I think makes them more appropriate to start as a vassal kingdom.

Dahlak Kebir: This Muslim Archipelagic state is, frankly, a long overdue inclusion in the game. Not only is this state fascinating for its complex system of urban cisterns and beautiful structures, but it also played an important role in Red Sea economics. The islands were a major pearl fishery, which could be reflected by them producing precious gems with a goods produced modifier on the province. Additionally, this archipelago is a must include for the role it played in the Ottoman-Portuguese Wars, becoming an important base of Ottoman naval operations.

Beja: The nomadic Beja people ruled over the coastal deserts of southern Egypt and Nubia since antiquity, and played a pivotal role as ally and adversary against both the Egyptian and Aksumite empires of ancient times. By the 15th century, they have been introduced to Islam and are a vassal people to the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate.

Along with new tags, East Africa is in bad need of a cultural overhaul. My suggestion is to split the region into four cultural groups. These would include Rufaa in the Levantine culture group, a Nilotic culture group (red), Cushitic culture group (purple), and Habesha culture group (blue.) While imperfect, this division far better reflects the cultural differences that exist in East Africa. It would also include the introduction of several new cultures, including Rufaa, Dinka, Shilluk, Kafiche, and Oromo (in 1444, as they did not just pop out of nowhere during their later expansions.)

Finally, East Africa could use some formables. One that gets brought up a lot is Aksum, a nation that could be formed by any Christian or Fetishist Tigray cultured nation if it controls enough cores. Nubia is another common suggestion, but personally I think that the Nubian formable should resemble the formables in India and be dependent on religion. Any country in the Nubian group or is Rufaa and Beja (and is not Funj) should be able to form either Nubia (if Christian), Kush (if Fetishist), or Butana (if Muslim).

Culture
Nubia-Fixed-Culture.png


Missions and Ideas

Of the nations in East Africa, the ones that badly need mission trees in my view include Ethiopia, Adal, Funj, and Makuria, as well as mission trees for any formable Nubian tags.

Ethiopia:
I assume the devs already have an idea in mind, as Ethiopia seems like an obvious pick to provide flavor to in this update. Ethiopian focuses should largely focus on the attempts of the Nigusa Nagast to wrangle his subject nobility into submission, as well as establishing relations with Christian Europe, conquering the Adal Sultanate, dealing with Oromo expansion (an event which this update will hopefully improve, I'd like to see it become a national disaster for all nations in the Horn personally, but it's hard to do worse than its current implementation) and pressing North into Egypt and eventually Jerusalem. Some events, like the letter to the Mamlukean Sultan and the request for Portuguese aid, would likely be better implemented as missions. The ideas could also use some retouching, but that's a matter of opinion.

Adal:
Again, I'd be surprised if this one isn't already on the devs' to-do list. Mostly regarding relations with the Ottomans and other Somalis, dealing with Oromo expansion, improving Zeila as a city, etc.

Funj:
Funj's missions are necessary not only for guiding players, but also the AI. Funj rarely expands into Sudan in the current game, so missions could help fix AI behavior in this regard. Anyways, Funji missions should concern themselves with the adoption of Islam, the crushing of Dinka resistance in the South, expansion into Sudan, and, eventually, preparing for the inevitable confrontation with the Egyptians or Ottomans.

Makuria:
As the last true Nubian Christian power, should definitely have its own set of missions focused on retaking its lost cores, converting them back to Christianity, refurbishing the famous cathedral of Dongola, and establishing close ties with Ethiopia.

That's all. Next post will focus on Songhai, Mali, and the other states of the Sahel.
 
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Were I'm at now: This is a map largely based on 18th century information, but I let information I know from earlier dates take precedent when I have that information
Dotawo/Makuria up north inqasr ibrahim
Yellow circle is territory controlled by ja'alin and related or smaller muslim tribes (includes bedaria)
Green is shaqiyya territory
Red stripes are area inhabited by dongolavi people, they might still have been christian at this time and had some principalities of their own
Red half circle is the area around qerri held by the abdallabs, didn't close it because I don't know how far down the butua they control
Blue wave is the northern limits of the remains of alodia,
Black circle is beja and abdara territory (roughly)
Grey K and B are Kababish and Baggara

The role of al-abwab is underexplored, some believe based on pottery find they were still a thing in the 5th cataract but at this point I'm not really bothering about them

Though we don't know this is how nubia looked at in 1444, it's a reconstruction which have some validity to how nubia would look not so much later XD
 
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This is so far my favorite representation, although it definitely could be better, I think it's simple enough and represents general regions better with "Dongola", "Maris", "Atbai", "Qarri" and such being regional names, which can avoid tying a specific political or tribal entity to an area, at least based on the tags. It's been awhile since I've taken a hard look at the region again though. The whole topic is full of conflicting information, misinformation, the confusion of names, bad mistranslations/transliterations, and a host of other issues that make this region difficult to get a grasp on.

sudanpolitical2.png
 
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@Aramenian This is about as far as I think I will go with my research this time, I can send you my whole document if you want with sources and stuff, it ocntains osme more details of place names and stuff

Riverain Sudan (North of Karthoum)

While Dotawo/Makuria survived as a rump state in Daw, most of lower nubia seems to have descended in anarchy by late 4th century. The Banu Kanz seems to have fallen in power, and mixed with local nubians to form the kenuzi people. Beneath them live the Mahass nubians down to around Sai's island and the third nile cataracts.

Dongola seems to have been razed, at some point it was rebuilt and restored as one of the main towns in northern sudan.
At some point Bedayrat tribes form a powerhouse in the territory of old Makuria, ruling in Old dongola and argos island

Shaygiya would come to dominate a large stretch of the nile, but might not have been established until 16th century. A quick mentioning of A merowe city being a political residence in the northern territories of Funj empire, could correspond to the modern town of Merowe and could thus be the seat of Shayqiya, but that's just a guess.

Al-Abwab might have existed in some form until around 1500

Ja'alin (or proto-ja'alin) probably were already a force in the territory they later controlled, at some point Shendi on the southeastern side of the nile would be their capital, but mostly they lived north of the nile. Berber are likely Ja'alin or Ja'alin related arabs majority town with some Beja inhabitants

Abdallabs were likely established in Qerri and muslim tribes had overrun large parts of butua, though mostly living as nomads, possibly mixing with beja and an indigenous sedentary population.


In general, arab and arab-nubian tribes are typically divided into 2 macrogroups, Ja'alin (includes shaiqiya) and Juhayna (Includes Abdallabs), these are very diverse and spread out far and wide. Though Shaygiya and Ja'alin are also described as being visualy distinquishable from each other

In general muslim polities were dominant but unclear how large christianity were among the riverain population. There might be the call to have a few coptic provinces ruled by muslim states

I think this makes out the building blocks of Sudan north of Soba: Dotawo, anarchy in Al-Maris, Bedayrat kingdom in Dongola/Argo, Shayqiya, Ja'alin, Abdallabs (includes most of Butana)


Southern Funj empire:
Replacing the crumbles of Alodia, which likely were not a unified kigndom at the time of Abdallab/Funj conquest
While Abdallabs Funj vassals presiding over most of the land north of the Nile confluence + Butana, the Funj core was in the Gezira and controlled several important provinces in the south, most frequently mentioned are: Al-Taka (corresponding to modern Kassala, so in Beja country), Alays (on the white nile, it is mentioned to be conquered by Amara Dunqas so might not have been part of Alodia) and Fazughli (on blue nile, conquered later) though there were many more and also a large nomadic population in the sudanian rainlands.

Eastern desert
Beja tribes, includes Abdara, Bisharin Amarar and Hadendowa (these appears later)


I have some more notes on Darfur, Kordofan and Wadai-Chari but they're not done yet, and I might take a break and complete them later


I think it's simple enough and represents general regions better with "Dongola", "Maris", "Atbai", "Qarri" and such being regional names, which can avoid tying a specific political or tribal entity to an area, at least based on the tags
In general also strongly agree with this sentiment
 
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@Aramenian This is about as far as I think I will go with my research this time, I can send you my whole document if you want with sources and stuff, it ocntains osme more details of place names and stuff

Riverain Sudan (North of Karthoum)

While Dotawo/Makuria survived as a rump state in Daw, most of lower nubia seems to have descended in anarchy by late 4th century. The Banu Kanz seems to have fallen in power, and mixed with local nubians to form the kenuzi people. Beneath them live the Mahass nubians down to around Sai's island and the third nile cataracts.

Dongola seems to have been razed, at some point it was rebuilt and restored as one of the main towns in northern sudan.
At some point Bedayrat tribes form a powerhouse in the territory of old Makuria, ruling in Old dongola and argos island

Shaygiya would come to dominate a large stretch of the nile, but might not have been established until 16th century. A quick mentioning of A merowe city being a political residence in the northern territories of Funj empire, could correspond to the modern town of Merowe and could thus be the seat of Shayqiya, but that's just a guess.

Al-Abwab might have existed in some form until around 1500

Ja'alin (or proto-ja'alin) probably were already a force in the territory they later controlled, at some point Shendi on the southeastern side of the nile would be their capital, but mostly they lived north of the nile. Berber are likely Ja'alin or Ja'alin related arabs majority town with some Beja inhabitants

Abdallabs were likely established in Qerri and muslim tribes had overrun large parts of butua, though mostly living as nomads, possibly mixing with beja and an indigenous sedentary population.


In general, arab and arab-nubian tribes are typically divided into 2 macrogroups, Ja'alin (includes shaiqiya) and Juhayna (Includes Abdallabs), these are very diverse and spread out far and wide. Though Shaygiya and Ja'alin are also described as being visualy distinquishable from each other

In general muslim polities were dominant but unclear how large christianity were among the riverain population. There might be the call to have a few coptic provinces ruled by muslim states

I think this makes out the building blocks of Sudan north of Soba: Dotawo, anarchy in Al-Maris, Bedayrat kingdom in Dongola/Argo, Shayqiya, Ja'alin, Abdallabs (includes most of Butana)


Southern Funj empire:
Replacing the crumbles of Alodia, which likely were not a unified kigndom at the time of Abdallab/Funj conquest
While Abdallabs Funj vassals presiding over most of the land north of the Nile confluence + Butana, the Funj core was in the Gezira and controlled several important provinces in the south, most frequently mentioned are: Al-Taka (corresponding to modern Kassala, so in Beja country), Alays (on the white nile, it is mentioned to be conquered by Amara Dunqas so might not have been part of Alodia) and Fazughli (on blue nile, conquered later) though there were many more and also a large nomadic population in the sudanian rainlands.

Eastern desert
Beja tribes, includes Abdara, Bisharin Amarar and Hadendowa (these appears later)


I have some more notes on Darfur, Kordofan and Wadai-Chari but they're not done yet, and I might take a break and complete them later



In general also strongly agree with this sentiment
This is what the Sudan map will look like in my Mod.
buia.jpg
This is about as far as I think I will go with my research this time, I can send you my whole document if you want with sources and stuff, it ocntains osme more details of place names and stuff
Of course, I would love to review this document.
 
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Returning a bit to OP's original idea, I would say that the map needs to either remove Funj or place it to the south of Alodia, where Shilluk's north 2 provinces are. The Beja tag is OKAY but if we are using a conglomerate Beja tag then Suakin should be under the control of Mamluks or have a seperate Suakin tag vassal. The Makuria tag in game currently represents Dotawo, so having both a Dotawo and Makuria tag doesn't make much sense, either combine the two or make your Dotawo province under the control of Dongola.

I do not see MUCH of an issue for the Abwab, Abdallabi, or Kunuz tags as it is definitely one interpretation. However, in my own research the area that you have as Abwab was also the first areas of conquest for the Abdallabi, so it may make having the both of them redundant.

Kunama is (as far as I know) in the wrong place and is not even in Eritrea. If anything Kunama would be in Medri Bahri's southwest province. This province (the one Kunama currently sits in) can be interpreted in several ways, but as the northern portion in your map is cut off, I would say a "Beja-ified" province is out of the question. I recommend a generic Nubian tag possibly named Taka or Kassala.

On that note, if you are looking to change some things to Ethiopia/Eritrea, I would suggest the Muslim kingdom of Mazaga, once located north of the Tekeze river in the Tigray area of Eritrea/Ethiopia, which would inhabit the region between the Tekeze river as far east as Shire and west bordering on Kassala. It had a queen, Ga'ewa in the early 16th century.

EDIT: I said the Kunama are not even in Eritrea- I meant they are not in Sudan.
 
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Nubia proposal without adding new provinces
The only drawback of this proposal is that the Darfur and Kordofan areas are losing three provinces to the Nubian region.
Nubia.png

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As for the New Countries in Nubia, they are as follows:
Butuana( Abdallab) The country includes the provinces: Qerri, Wad Madani, Beja
Alodia The country includes the provinces: Soba

Suakin/Hadariba The country includes the provinces: Suakin, Haiya, Halab
Jaaliyn The country includes the provinces: Omdurman , Shendy , Berber
Shayqiha The country includes the provinces: Merowe
Dongola( Bedayrat ) The country includes the provinces: Dongola, Argo
Al-Maris( Kanz/Mahas The country includes the provinces: Sai , Sahra an Nubya
Beja (-) to be freed, it represents all the tribes of Beja The country includes the provinces Haiya, Berber, Sahra an Nubya
ggggg — kopia.jpg
Areas
huya.jpg
Flags for Countries
Seal_of_Red_Sea_State.png
1200px-Flag_of_the_Beja_Congress.svg.png
c1.jpg
c2.png
c3.png
c4.png
 
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AirikrStrife

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I think without new provinces, that many tags are bloatign the area. Dongola can represents ja'alin, shayqiya and bedyarat

I would also still want some treatment of central sahara, basically a Tunjur tag (darfur+wadai) and maybe a Kordofan tag
 

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@Aramenian @Shwartz99
I was at a library today and just scrolled a little in a book on african christianity, had a 5 page chapter on nubia which just in passing mentions a christian kingdom of Kokka(!)

Never heard about this place before, googling around it seems to be a real thing, a kingdom of the Mahass nubians (which I mentioned before I tried to find out anything about). While there is a whole book dedicated to the topic, "The Post-Medieval Kingdom of Kokka" which I haven't been able to find, I only been able to see some articles briefly mentioning it, likely it originated as a splinter from Makuria, it ism entioned to have existed until 19th century (not said if it remained christian so long though)

As me and Shwartz were briefly talking about culture I just make another rundown:


Kenuzi nubians (mix of Banu Kanz and Nubians) live between aswan and korosko, so actually covering a very small area
Dotawo still around Daw, unknown what happened to this place
Then there are the Mahass (with their kokka kingdom) and the Sukkot, Sukkot having their base at Sai island.
Then the Danagla live as far north as Argo island.

Can note that Wadi Halfa wasn't foudned until 19th century, making that province possible to reappropriate

All these groups were frequently called Barabra by arabs, but they did not use these labels themselves, and

Shayqiya and Ja''alin are both mixed arab-nubians. So are Abdallabs but all three groups are often distinsguished form each other.

The funj's origin is uncertain, but likely related to nubians or nilotes.


So there could be some sense in making up to 4 distinct nubian cultures (for the mods ofcourse)
Northern (modern day nubians) central (the arab-nubian mixes) southern (alodia+funj) and kordofanian (maybe join kordofanian and southern in one group)


The sort of political implications suggest that the Al-maris tag could be ditched, splitting the land between christian makuria and the beja tribes (the nubian desert province)
Aswan could be looked into more, maybe Al-maris can survive as an ismaili shia OPM in aswan; as could be upper egypt as it was in the process of being occupied by the Hawwara https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawwara


For the question of turning Sudan arabic, I have previously suggested disasters, as well as a sudanese culture spawning from forming a tag.

I think a formable "Nubia" is a great idea with these many tags, with the caveat that it has several dynamic names, Nubia, Sudan, Sennar (I don't think Kush was used at the time) and there could be additional mechanics for an islamic sudan to voluntarily switch to sudanese (levantine culture)
 
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My country, I am a land of people, whose guiding principles are in the first place... The Book of God and tight horses... A sharp sword sharpened as a shield . Taqaqihm saddle up the night with confusion and an old man in al- Khalawi and pious . How many palm trees are blowing in the cliffs of the sap, and a milking cow is supplicating and having a udder . A waterwheel wakes up at night with Al-Fajrawi .. He cries at night and sheds tears in their streams . Peace is numb in my country.. the numbness of the drinkers of the Nile waters .. stagnant in the deserts . My plains .. My fields .. My paradise .. the Havoha or omitted for righteousness heard . My guest and I graciously even the bird Ajeha Djaan .. from the edges protects satiation . My bargain and tambour














..

My country is a country of history, who is tired of me about Maysna and Nasa Hanan.. They stop the tears of the bereaved. Others seem to blame.. Divide the morsel between you and take food.. Even if they are destined for hunger . You have my family .. Arabs mixed with the blood of my warm .. Del Negro native Del native to the role of Adoor unplug quarterly .. I say Bedy .. Olaekayam dropped in lanes spirit Bako total masters of my heart and sense . And he traveled in the seas of Shawqam, the time of my mind . A place where I accepted and threw them with me, like I lost . If I didn't come from Dale's outfit ... it was my regret... and my tragedies, so imagine how the situation would be? If you are not Sudanese..and the people of the neighborhood are not my family? Imagine how?

















Of us are not proud that of this land the good of the Sudan Bldalumblyon square miles Land Love Land tender land of the good and the good of Sudan million country square miles Sudan is characterized by cultures as and customs of the different tribes that spread in its lands , there are a tribe Ahaiqih and Aldjalah and Rabatab many tribes . In this the Post facility you know The origin of the tribe to which it belongs, its roots and its history. I hope that you will be satisfied. Sudan consists of 570 tribes divided into 56 or 57 ethnic categories based on linguistic, cultural and ethnographic characteristics . It speaks 114 written and spoken languages, 50 of which are in Southern Sudan. These 57 ethnic groups were regrouped into eight major groups: 39 percent are Arab or of Arab origin, and 30 percent are southern or of Arab origin.



African, 12 percent Beja, 15 percent Nuba, and there are other groups such as Fur, Nubian and Inqasna , 51 percent speak Arabic, 49 percent speak other languages and dialects, 60 percent are Muslims, 10 percent are Christians, 30 percent are pagans The owners of different African religions The Sudanese tribes are divided into the following groups : The Nubian tribes group in the far north of Sudan The Arab tribes group in the middle, the White Nile and part of the northern region The Beja tribes group in eastern Sudan The Kordofan tribes group in western Sudan The Fur tribes group in western Sudan The Mabat tribes group And we are in the south of the Blue Nile


















Alnobawih tribal group in the lower half of the central Sudan (an administrative province of Kordofan ) Ahaiqih Ahaiqih from Aldjalah or Abbasid where the group word Djaliyn when historians synonymous with the word Abasids Sudan is a term not called a particular tribe , but brings together a large number of tribes that are barely related to the links from the link uterus and kinship has been identified to indicate word on Zarih Dwab who meets him Aldjaleon and Ahaiqih and a number of other branches ratios Ahaiqih Shayek bin Humaidan sons Aljali and fathered Shayek ten children are : 1. bracelet "very Alsoarab " 2 monsters "very Alhouchb " 3. Aoun "grandfather Aouniya " 4-












Mohammed Shalouf "very Alchlofab "
5. Ahmed Baawwad "very Albaawwadab "
6. Salem or Hackett "Salem 's grandfather or Balzomh "
7. Quraish "grandfather Alamerab "
8. wholesome "very Nafab "
9. MRIs "very Amartisab "
10. Kdanaga " The grandfather of the kdanqab. ”

Several bellies have branched out of them, including the henkab, the `Adlanab, and the ` ` amrab.Among them were the king houses a St. one grandparent of Alkdanaga named Saleh girl Amir and his mother Funj who was named Issa, was the headquarters of his reign in the town Kjba did not beget Jesus mentioned seed Furth Emirate after him in favor of his brother - after Saleh split the death of the country Ahaiqih to the kings of the King Jawish or “Shawish”, and Al-Amrab or (Al-Amrab) and the most famous of its kings, King Ahmed, which is the kingdoms of Hanak, Kagbi, Meroe, Omari or Emery. The Shayiqiyah kingdom was established first on the ruins of the ancient kingdom of Napata and extended from the fourth cataract to Abu Dom Qashabi and its center was Meroe and to its north the kingdoms of Dafar, Dongola, Khandaq and Warqo . Located Dar Ahaiqih between Emre and Debba on the shore of the Nile and remember their story that he was Shayek twelve son and attended the Merowe in the tenth century and the country was inhabited by heart who had the king of force and wanted children Shayek to have them the king did not stop them the king of Nubia and Aqtahm land agricultural and signed their choice on the oldest Kdanaga So they called him a king, and he took a strong approach in cooperation with the Nuba, and he took his capital as Gebbi between Meroe and in which a palace was built , and he died and was buried in Gebbi . He had a number of children, Salah, Saleh, Issa, Farah and Faraj, and he fixed a bracelet as a bracelet between his brothers and their brother, and he brought it from the best of Meroe, and he was famous for his bracelets, Sheikh Akoud, Sheikh Ahmed Al - Huda and Muhammad Bey Suleiman. And remember their story that Shayek married a woman of Arab Rizk , including the first sons Salem and his mother died Get married Shayek his cousin Vrozk them Baldeh monsters and Aoun was said Nafie Shalouf , on his way to Sudan about the fifth century AH lived in the town of Thomas House Center and married a woman there Rizk , including his son Kdanaga was an intelligent student of science Vhajr his father and his brothers and pitched Bcorti and there was a remnant of the Nuba in a fetish or Barkal and Alzumh and Kru became Shayek courted them until he became king over them , and what looked the same to the strong expansion Fassar army to Darfur but immediately force him back down and hold an alliance Commercially with their king and marry one Kremath which was born son bracelet ratio of the bracelet , which gave him Shayek her to make it in the hands of his son that was born Shayek in Curti died after his return and the conflict between his sons after his death and called in peace leadership because the eldest and when abused departed from them and went to Hajj from Egypt through on the way his brother encountered Kdanaga heading to Kurti convinced him by referring him to settle the matter with the brothers monsters and Aoun refused and was Kdanaga a group of Thomas were joined by some of the Nuba population quenched and carried between Kdanaga and brothers monsters and Aoun 's war in the town Aldbshih between Curti and mother Bakool and won Kdanaga , and was called by the king Alyahaiqih only It was a concession to his son Muhammad, who was just and was the grandfather of the Hannabas, whom the king continued until the days of the Turks, and the last of them was King Saber. Looking for his brother 's bracelet in Darfur and bring him to Kurti , which angered the brothers monsters and Aoun then Baah and retrieve it. This Kdanaga hostility between the interpretation of Alsoarab and their brothers Aounist and Alhouchb therefore preferred to inhabit the desert areas away from the sons Ahaiqih cousins . As for the customs and traditions of the Shayqiah Al- Shulukh tribe, the Shayqiah tribe in Sudan is distinguished by their own Shalekh, which is three parallel horizontal lines, the middle of which extends from the mouth to the farthest cheek . Aldnaqlh Dongola: area inhabited by Aldnaqlh and the city is also the name of an ancient historical Arab sources was full of talk about them and was the capital of the approved state . Dangla is one of the four branches of Nubia, whose language is Danglawi









It is one of the four Nubian dialects continued to an unknown name , he said some of it may be Aldanqil brick red , which may be the city built from it . Old Dongola : It was the capital of the Christian Kingdom of Makuria, which ended with the Muslims’ control over it in about 1323 AD. Dongola fell to the hands of Muslims in 1317 AD when King Seif al-Din Abdullah Bershambo made its church (and it was said, even part of his palace ) a mosque. Perhaps the old recipe refers to the presented or distinguish them from the city of Dongola (accidental) any camp in Turkish , which was established after the migration of the Mamluks of Egypt in 1811, located north of Dongola old right Alyahati of the Nile, has disappeared most of the old city, leaving only the mosque


The well-known two-storey building, which is now called Dongola Ghaddar , is inhabited by Arabs, and has the tombs of some righteous people from Badiriya, Rakabiya and Jabriya. Old Dangola was the kingdom of its kings, the gold bracelet, which was destroyed by the Shayqih before the Turkish conquest . With regard to the shulukh, you find the shulukh of the Danakula tribe long, deep and broad, filling the rest of the cheek . Al-Mahas are a tribe in northern Sudan. They have their own Nubian language, and they belong to Muhammad Mahsi (or Muhsin). They are divided into the northern Mahas and speak the Mahsas, and the Mahas of the South, who lost their Mahsi language by mixing and trace their lineage back to Ajam Ibn Zaid bin Muhammad Muhsin (Mahsi), whose lineage is related to Abi Ibn Ka`b al-Ansari and their lineage. Sons of Muhammad, nicknamed Ajam bin



Zaid (Uzayed) bin Muhammad, known as Muhsi (or Mohsen), the son of King Saad bin Al-Malik Jameh, and in the narration of Jamil bin Hassan bin Al- Malik Ahmed bin Al-Malik Amer bin Al-Malik Abdul Karim bin Abdullah bin Yaqoub bin Jaber bin Saad bin Musa bin Uwais bin Jami bin Sukkar bin Salem bin Abdul Rahman bin Ali bin Suleiman bin Mohammed bin Zayed bin Amara bin Ubadah bin Abi bin Kaab Al-Ansari Al-Khazraji . And the narration of some Mahas Berri mentions that their grandfather Mudawi Abdul Rahman, who was a contemporary of Sheikh Muhammad Abdo and studied with him at Al-Azhar, had transmitted a text from a book in Cairo that contained the lineage of Muhas that traced them back to Hashemite origin, not Khazraj. The name of Abdulaziz Mohsen is mentioned as one of the ten sons of Dhubyan, along with Sared, the grandfather of Al-Sawara, and they are from Juhayna. Ajam had a large number of sons, who are branches of al-Mahas , as follows :


Sardi: the grandfather of Al-Sawad Auction: Abu Shama, the grandfather of Al-Shamiya and Al-Sadab Sedran : the grandfather of Al- Sadarneh Muhammad Qabbani or Kabbani: the grandfather of Al-Khujalab Sharaf Al-Din Falah: the grandfather of Al-Badanab. Among them were Sheikh Idris, Wad al- Arbab, and the children of Hazrat Abboudi: the grandfather of al-Aboudab in Tuti and Dongola Saad: the grandfather of al- Sa’dlab and al-Mahass dispersed after they migrated from their homes in the land of al-Mahas in different parts of the Sudan, so they lived in Tuti, Berri, Shambat, Osi, Halfayat al-Malik, al-Ayfon, Ketrang, al-Rikaiba, al-Kamilin, Kalkoul , and other al- Abyad villages of the island and the Nile. And blue and Kassala, and Richard Laban refers to the group of kings of Mahs, which extended from the eleventh century to the fourteenth century AD, starting with King Abdul Karim, then King Amer, then King Ahmed, then King Hassan, then the king Jami, then the king






McCain, King Hamad, King Persi, then King Zubair, who was followed by Farah . King is a mosque , it is a very improved descendants of King McCain 's grandfather Almknab King Saad Mohammed 's father Mhasi grandfather Mahas These two branches emigrated south and settled their descendants in places communities improved in Khartoum and the island . And remember document Faqih on the line Bsati son of Sheikh Ahmed heads saying where: Arafni uncle Abdul Qadir bin Suleiman known as Abu alkylates son Musa , who delayed her said : gathering fans and gentry tribe improved from the wise people and scholars and righteous and is present with them before the ink of his time , Crown God Sheikh Khodjaly bin Faqih Abd al-Rahman, for a general gathering from all sides

If he was from Quraysh or from the Ansar. Some of them mentioned that they are from the offspring of Ubayy bin Kaab, and he is the grandfather of Al-Muhs in reality, other than that he is the son of Sa`d bin Taym bin Murrah Al-Qurashi. And others said that they taught him from those who looked in the books of the royal circles in the lineage of the Hashemite that the lineage of Al- Mahas joins Al-Aqeel bin Abi Talib and that is weak, but it was said that he joins him from the side of women, I mean his daughters. Some said that al- Muhas was from the descendants of al-Abbas, and they are the sons of Jabr al-Abbasi. Spoke Crown Sheikh Khodjaly that the proportions of the sensor attached to the owner of the Prophet peace be upon him Abi bin Ka'b bin Abdullah bin Qais Al - Ansari Al - Khazraji from Bani Najjar has assented all virtuous Mahas scholars and righteous people mentioned ancestors Mahas present in Sudan They are : Sharif: very Almhervah children Falah al-Arbaa and others and Kabani: Grandfather of al-Mahas al-Kabani



Saad Allah: very Sadlab and Ajeemap Abbouda: grandfather of slavery Sard: very Alsoardh obdurate: very Sudarnh Zayed: very ZIYADI West auction Abu mole: grandfather maize Balillaanh and Ahamdlab residents Eilafoon Shaaban: very Alhabanab - they are the children of Ajam nine and remember another novel that the early ancestors of the sensor came with a campaign of Abdullah ibn Abi Sarh and dwelt some of them wallowing in the north of Dongola cross and from there emigrated some of them to the land of improved when they are drunk mosque in the village of Cisse (Cspe) and settled in Sdlh area known as the blessing of the sensor and from there began to fight the administration of Christian and won them and be a Muslim circuit and emerged Among them are two sugar and his sons the scrap who inherited the administrative and political authority and they are the ancestors of the kings of the kingdom of Koka and the second







Mosque, whose sons inherited the religious authority, and they migrated to the south. And there in a pedestal called Jami’ ( Jameanti) is one of the branches of Al-Mahas Masa’idiya of the sons of Massad and Kamlab Malik Al-Nasir, Scrab, Dahshab (Dishab) and Halsab and their origins are treasures and others. Al-Mahas and Silence live in the land of stone (the gondolas) and its most important cities are Ibri and Delgo. Mahas Al-Janoub is divided into the following branches: Al-Gurdaqab - Al-Sabah - Al-Anab - Al - Muknab - Al-Khujalab - Oushi - Jana Al - Hajj - Awlad Manea . As for the sluukh at al-Mahas, it is long and thin. The Jaalieen tribe is considered one of the largest Arab tribes in Sudan, which reached Sudan at the beginning of the first century.





The Hijri River has settled in the area north of Khartoum, from the sixth waterfall, "Al-Salouqa", the stone of honey, to the Abu Hamad area. The city of Shendi is their historical capital , as well as the city of Matma. The best known members of this tribe 's courage and generosity as well as they profession is agriculture , trade and the profession of their leaders to migration within Sudan have been deployed in all the cities of Sudan can not find a city in Sudan have abandoned the Aldjaliyn . It is known that Sadab are the kings of Aldjaliyn as they ruled Aldjaliyn either from Shendi or Almatama for more than two centuries 1588 m to 1821 m, and since the Aldjaliyn of the largest tribes Arab in Sudan as belonging to Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib Here are the sequence of descent from the six they last kings of "Mc "

They Idris "Abu Draa" and Bishara stallion and tiger Kmpelaoa and Diab Sons Abdul Salam "Afattlob" bin Idris Administrating bin Sulaiman hydra bin Diab Prince bin Saad Abu Pin "was told that a good man , a very Sadab" Bin Abdul Salam bin Abdul idol Ben Adlan " and his brothers They are Nafi’, Nafi’, Jaber, Jubeir, Abd al-Aal and Muslim” bin Arman bin Dawab bin Ghanem bin Humaidan bin Subh Abu Markha bin Mismar bin Sarar bin Sultan Hassan Kardam “came to Sudan from Kufa” bin Abu Al -Dis Quda’ah bin Abdullah bin Harqan bin Masrouq bin Ahmed bin Ibrahim Ja`al bin Idris bin Qais bin Yaman bin Adnan bin Qassas bin Karb bin Muhammad Hatel bin Ahmed Yatal bin Muhammad Dhu Al-Kala` bin Saad bin Al-Fadl bin Al-Abbas bin Muhammad Ali bin Abdullah bin Al-Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib .second source :




Aldjalah Group is a great deal of the population of northern Sudan and western parts of many of its regions and other particularly from Abu Hamad to Khartoum, and they belong to Abraham making , which ends attributed to the Prophet Abbas so they are also called Abasiya called Aldjaliyn name at all year includes all the sons of Abraham made belonging As a whole, to Hassan Kardam, they include : First: the tribes on the Nile as follows : Al- Jaali'un, sons of Arman: from Ubaidiya to Sabluqa roughly . Mirfab: to the north of Atbara around Berber and Ubaidiya . Al-Rabatab: From Berber to Abi Hamad Al- Manasir: From Abu Hamad to the end of the fourth waterfall, Al- Shayqiah: from the fourth waterfall to Al-Dabba.






Al-Jawabra: Banu Jaber inside the country of Nubia and they live between the Dangola, the Mahas, the Rikabiya, the Jumiya, and the Awadiya: north and south of Omdurman to the borders of the Kawala and the Jamaa’ west of the White Nile to the south of the country of the Kawala Second: The tribes divided between the Nile and Kordofan as follows : Badiriya: in the north of Sudan, Kordofan, Shuwaihat and Tarifa . As for those who moved away from the Nile, they are the University in the middle of Kordofan, northeast of Al-Obeid . Al-Ghadiyat: To the south of Al-Abyad, Al- Batahin, in the northern half of Al-Butana, next to Al-Majidiyah, Al-Kartan, Al-Hakimab, Al-Manasrah, Al-Dhabab, Al-Maqabah , Al-Fadilah, Al-Sandib, Al-Fadillab and Al-Sarihab . The name is given to the Jaalis who do not have a special name







Except for this name, they are the sons of Arman, whose homeland extends from the waterfall of al-Salouqa almost to Atbara, and they include : Zidab, al-Makabrab, al-Kitaab , al- Shadinab, al-Muslamab, al-Jalab, al-Kalyab , al- Amrab, al-Kabushab, al-Qandilab , al- Majadhib, al-Haslab, al-Godlab, Nafi’ al-Karaksa, al-Nafi al-Nafi, Al-Saadab, Al-Mohammadab . Kings of the names Aldjaliyn : 1) Saad Abu pin (20 years old . 2) Solomon hydra (7 years 3) Idriss between Suleiman (35 years 4) Abdul Salam (one year 5) stallion bin Abdul Salam (15 years 6) Idriss brother stallion (6 years 7 )








Diab (12 years
8) Qanblawi (3 years
9) Bishara (7 years
10) Suleiman bin Salem (15 years
11) Saad II (two
12 years ) Idris III (20 years old, killed by the Funj kings
13) Saad III (40 years old, killed by some of his family) Aldjaliyn
14) assistant son (13 years old was killed Kawahla
15) Mohammed (Abu Mak tiger) (13
16) son tiger (17 years old Ante his Turkish invasion in 1821 AD notes that the dispute over the leadership of Aldjaliyn between Sadab ( kings Shendi) and Alinvieb (kings At the end , it ended with the rule of Al-Sadaab Shendi and its environs , and Al- Nafi’ab Al-Mutama and its environs.

.
Below we present another narration about the lineage of the Ja`alites, the sons of Arman bin Dwab bin Ghanem bin Humaidan bin Subh Abu Markhah bin Mismar bin Sarar bin Kardam bin Quda`ah bin Harqan bin Masrouq bin Ahmed Al Yamani bin Ibrahim bin Abi Idris between Qais bin Yaman Al Khazraji bin Adnan bin Qassas bin Karb Bin Hatel Bin Yatal Bin Dhi Al -Kalaa Al-Hamiri Bin Saad Al-Ansari Bin Al-Fadl between Abdullah Bin Abbas . And the Ja’aliyin tribe, their Shulukh, are from the famous Shulukh in Sudan: They are the three vertical striped Shalukh, the Ja’afra tribe, according to the consensus of narrators and historians. They are Husayn supervision, whose lineage ends with Sayyid Hassan al-Askari between al-Sayyid Ali al-Huda ibn al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Jawad ibn al-Sayyid Ali al-Rida ibn al- Sayyid Musa al-Kadhim ibn al-Sayyid Jaafar al-Sadiq. between Mr.






Muhammad al-Baqir ibn al-Sayyid Ali Zain al-Abidin ibn al-Sayyid al-Husayn ibn al-Imam Ali, may God have mercy on him, came to Sudan since the Al-Aslay conquest, where they first settled in the present-day areas of Dongola, then they came to Berbers, then they assumed that they landed until it was said that their leader Ibrahim Hassan Abu Hussein was following his four vertical and twenty have been calculated for them many Mather in the generosity and chastity hand and rescue and foot , and they founded a lot of big Banader is due to them credited with vegetables and fruits and other that the weight of Aldjaafarh rescue in Duwaim in or drag and are found in many villages of the White Nile as well as they are located in Barbar and White Al-Rahad, Al-Rusairis, Madani and Sennar . Al-Ja’afira preceded others in establishing the city of Al- Duweim, and they were the first to plant wheat and vegetables. Historians mentioned that the Aldjaafarh Cano live before they arrived Sudan on buildings and Ramadi Directorate of Aswan in Egypt , where Amthnoa agriculture and trade there , and their roots they know there are there and when they enter Sudan Dechl those trades, has proved many of the historians that many Aldjaafarh have migrated any Libya and North Africa and lived with Alsnossin and still there Families and dynasties of the Ja’arifa. An elderly man in al-Duweim mentioned to me that his grandfather came from Libya and he is Jafari. He got to know his family in al-Duweim and lived on the authority of al-Ja’afirah that they gave him and with them the former mayor of al-Duweim Ibrahim Hassan that al- Ja’afira were displaced to their current areas during the Zarqa Sultanate, then they migrated to North Kordofan, where they were all killed . The Turks erected hostility to the Mahdia, and it is the largest tribe after the Shayqih. The Turks supported their leader, Hussein Abd al-Rahim, along with a large number of his men, joined the armies of Gordon Pasha, where all his men were killed with Gordon at the conquest of Khartoum and all the Jaafers who were captured by the Ansar in the battle to liberate their Ansar families in the battle for the liberation of Khartoum and all the Jaafers who were captured by the Ansar in the battle to liberate Khartoum he sent them later with the campaign of Prince Abdul Rahman Al- Najumi to open it was said that many of them could leave Berbr and abandoned the campaign Alnujoma has Sjnalkhalifh Abdullah Amir Hassan Hussein and left the Caliph many Aldjaafarh to return to their homeland original and then released their leader after Sdort in favor of the money all you have and then it was said that he saved then to Mahdiya and in that said Mr. I want to say that Hassan Hussein Hussein, who was the mayor of Al-Jaafira during the condominium rule, was before that one of my loyal lieutenants. Caliph Abdullah saw him signed or Depkrat and fought before in Karrari and then returned to Duwaim after the end of Mahdia , where he worked again in government service duo, has entered Aldjaafarh in discounts with homeroom Al_husanip authorities house Habbani and stayed retain great for them Bamodah Baldoam and I side there Alababdp and Aldjaleon and some minorities Aldjaafarh sections : divided Aldjaafarh into eight branches divided into several Khcom and these branches namely : Almiriab Al_husinat Favors Cmdap Alaskarab Alshablab Aelaidlab Nasrab Kababih Kababih tribe Juhaynah allegedly has remarkable to ram their grandfather and was told that they belong to the tribe of frowned and are in fact a group large joined by groups of tribes other like branch





The barbarians included the Ja`liyyin, the Shaqalwa, the Attiyah, the Kwahilah, some of the Aouniyyah of the Shayqih , and some of the Beja, the Baggara, and others . Their area extends to the borders of Dongola and the Libyan desert, beyond Wadi al-Malik, to the borders of Darfur and to Wadi al-Muqaddam in the east, and the destinations of Umm Badir, Katul, Kajmar and Um Indraba in the south . And its divisions are as follows : Nurab : They are the house of the presidency and are divided into 1) Rabeeqat and their branches : Al- Iyad, Al-Dariwab, Frujab, Al-Ahimrab, Al-Dariwab, Al- Bataab, Al-Karbanah, Umm Sarih, and Al-Jiqab. 2) A large house . 3) Dar Bakhit. 4) El-Keir children. 5) critics. 6) Dar Saeed. 7) Kebishab, and these branches are as follows: Nas Wad Youssef , Masaed, Nas Wad Shathan, Nas Wad Daqqo Shin. 8) children


Awad Al-Sayed. 9) Awlad Nway. 10) Al-Hawrab and their branches are as follows: Awlad Dabo and Jerata, Awlad Ali and Nasirab , Rahouda , including Al-Dawalib, and from the houses of Nurab houses: Awlad Salem ( leadership), Awlad Fahel, Awad Al-Sayed, Awlad Akil and Dar Saeed . NS. Hawal's children are divided into: Dar Hamed and Dar Mahmoud . c . Aoun’s children: They are divided into: Lababis, Rhewab, A’irjab, Merirab, Bracha, Qronab, Dar Al-Hajj, Tamasih, and Kertab . D) Awlad Tarif and their offshoots: Sariqat, Aishab, Alawneh, and Jaramdah . e. Ghaliyan and their branches: Al-Lifab Al-Jabbab, Nas Wad Al-Hajj, Nas Wad Jahani and Al-Fadilab .






f) Al-Twal: and their branches are as follows: the children of Muhammad Wad Shadr , the children of Mualla, the children of Muhammad Wad Batran, the children of Abu Ahmed , the children of Rayan .

g. Al-Awayda: They belong to: Al-Awayda Al-Zarq and Al- Beidha: As for Al-Zarq, their branches are: Nass Weld Rahma, Nass Weld Maqbool, Nass Weld Al Hilali, Nass Weld Rabah, Nass Weld Bashir, and Nass Weld Neama. As for the whites, they are offspring: with a mustache, a saddlebag, and a snob . NS. Al-Atawiya: and their branches: Farsab, near the house of Ali and the house of Suleiman, and these are their branches: Al-Munuflab, the infidels, and Al-Shejayab . NS . Awlad Uqba and their branches: Darab, Dar Ali, Sheliwab, Hamdab, Dar Omar, Dar Abu Nasee’a, Krasup, Shanashem, Dar Muhammad, Saadlab or Saadia .



j. Barara and their branches, or I don't want people to come to us, the people of Wad Matar, the people of Dar Ali, and Zergana . NS. Sarajab: And their branches: Dar Saed. Janadbeh, Duqmiya , Muhammedab, Nas Wad Al-Fazari, Al-Ghajiriyah, Al-Shakhwanab . NS . Rawahla: and their branches: Dar Abu Jannah, Nashabeh , Misrab, Jagadil, Owaidab, and Dar Jamil . NS . Dab: and their branches: Al-Rhodab, Al-Tariqat, and Bishara . s. Awlad Suleiman: and their branches: Ghanawab, Dar Musaed , Abain, Awlad Hamdallah . p. Al-Bashir: There is an independent tribe with the same name near Al-Fasher . NS . Issawiya: They are originally a group and joined the northern groups of Kababish, and there are Kababish in Dongola






Some of them settled, most of them were Bedouins in Wadi El Kab, west of Dongola, and they include many elements from al-Mahas and al- Daqula, and they are as follows : a. Um Matu: and their branches: Al-Ghadirab, Al-Biloulab, Al-Azozab , Dar Ahmed, Umm Kalba b. Al-Mirisab, c. Junjab, d . Al-Awadia, H. Sell and sell. And. Alahimrab, g . Albulilat, h. Dar Bachot, t. Ellad, j. This is Rahamed . The researchers are likely to group cattle - herding around Alanderabh Umm Sidr , which is an obstacle children who may not be their link to Beni obstacle from the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula and spread in Egypt and North Africa, make up the real core of the Kbabih have joined them respectively: Alruahlh then Aoun children and followed them Alsirajab and children NiCd Valenorab. is affiliated with


Alnurab to Rkabah Aallad in Dongola while think that Alsirajab of Kenana Albrarh of Aldjaliyn and children Aoun Aounist Ahaiqih, while see Alawaadh they are the sons of Ayed Yemeni and perhaps linked to Avaadab Dongola has suffered the tribe often in the days of Mahdia and paid then their opposition to the heads of a number of leaders such as Toum Bin Fadlallah, who was killed by the Caliph in 1882 CE during the life of the Mahdi, and Saleh Bin Al-Toum, who was killed in 1887 and took over the leadership of the Kababish in the days of the Funj Sheikh Ali Wadnoor, and to him the Nurab belongs to the House of Sheikhs. After him, the leadership of the tribe was sequenced as follows: Salim Ali Nour, Muhammad Salim Ali Nour (Radam ), Ali Muhammad Salim, Fadlallah Muhammad Ali Muhammad, Salim Fadlallah Muhammad Ali, Fadlallah Salim Fadlallah, who granted him The Egyptian government was named Bey and appointed head of all the tribes of the region until the rise of the Mahdiyya. After the death of Fadlallah he was succeeded by his son Toum Fadlallah Salem , who swore allegiance to the Mahdi, but was killed after he was accused of rebellion against Mahdia and revolted brother Saleh preferred God for his death, but was also killed, and suffered the tribe sufferings and was led in this period instead of Mr. Quraish cousin Toum Fadlallah was appointed emir cited in Karary, Ali was Toum Fadlallah works in agriculture in Goz Abu involvement of West Fattahh and by the bilateral referee recommended sultans appointed beholding to Kababih and him thanks in the sacking of the tribe of Osrtha and sophistication, and after the death of Ali Toum succeeded by his son Tom Ali Toum and after his death was appointed tribe son Hassan Al- Tom was a caliph, but he was young, so his uncle Muhammad Ali Al-Tom was Acting Superintendent from 1945-1956 AD, and after that he continued as an agent for optics until his death, and was nicknamed (Palmer) for his strictness. After the death of Sheikh Hassan Al-Tom, his son Al-Tom Hassan Al-Tom was appointed as his successor, and he graduated from Taqat in 1980 AD . He was famous from the Al-Nurab branch of the Fadel Mosque, and Ahmed Jami was the guarantor of the Kababish in Omdurman in Mahdia, and from his lineage was Mu'tasim Qurashi, Ahmed Jami . Tribe Alvadeneih Vadeneih: tribe supervisor ratio to Faden ibn Muslim or Pavadn or Pavadenei Abdullah as they return their lineage to Mr. Mamedbn tap and put them Alnsabh of the supervisor in the sons of Muslim Almuslimh They are the people aware of the Koran and Khalutem in Wad Alvadenei island and Sheikh Mustafa Alvadenei east of Khartoum , was said to be Pavadenei Abdullah He fled from the Arabian Peninsula to Abyssinia and then came



To Sudan, he settled in Qabbati, east of the reserve, then went to Al-Duwaimat, south of Shendi, and died there, but he was buried in Umm clan near Umm Hatab . They mentioned that they lived in the children of Bohen in Al-Marais, and the Fadniyyah belonged to the Ja``liyyyyyin by their mother, and therefore their contact with the Ja````` ‎` ‎li‎‎‎‎ deepened until they were often enemies from among them . Al-Fadaniyah is spread in many places in Sudan, especially in Wadi Al-Hawad, east of Al-Abwab, the Berber area, Sheikh Adam, Sheikh Abdul Rasul, Sheikh Hassan, the father of Omar Al-Nashio, whose grave is located in Qabbati and Alden Al-Nashwab . Among the sons of Sheikh Ayoub are the children of Muhammad al-Azraq in the island, the village of Wad al-Fadni.

Al-Qahida, the Atbara River, Quz Naim, Umm Hatab, Tenbul, Rifa’a, and from the descendants of Ayoub al-Najbab and Adam’s descendants, Bud al-Abyssinian Umar, so that his protected descendants would live in Quz Sheikh Na’im al-Fadni and East Nile in Umm Shadeeda and others. It Alvadeneih: Alonesab and Alinvaafee and Ahaltoh Ahaliwab and Albualed and Annaqlh and Madnab and Alahimrab and children in August due to the addition Alvadeneih iPod Alvadenei and Sheikh Mustafa Alvadenei and children Smira Balgahad. Among the sons of Qamar bin Bafadni Al-Madnab are the children of Madani bin Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Badawi bin Ali Al-Asaid bin Musa bin Salah bin Mosleh between Salim bin Qamar, and he was famous among the children of Qamar Sheikh Naim Al-Fadni . They state that their lineage is as follows: Bafadni bin Abdullah bin Al- Faqih Muhammad Al-Nahwi bin Daoud bin Abdulaziz bin Ibrahim

bin Othman bin Wahb bin Muhammad bin Saleh bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahim bin Abdul Khaliq bin Abdul Ali bin Abdul Rasoul bin Fadni bin Muhammad Al-Faris Al-Hanafi bin Ali bin Abi Talib . It was said that the tomb of Sheikh Pafadni is close to Capuchia, and (Mamichael) mentioned that his tomb is near the ruins of El-Basa on the ancient island of Meroe . This is because the establishment of the village of Wad Alvadenei near civilian Msidha to Sheikh Ali Alvadenei born Balaidj and sent by his brother , the largest vegetable who worked trade and his brother Munir Lud Abbas east of Sinnar to save the Koran on Civil Sheikh Dr. Hamid and met with his colleague Dr. Mudawi Achammbati and transformed then places the flag on the island So he went to Gharsali, then Umm Juloud, and built a mosque there in which Sheikh Nurain and Wad Al-Qujah learned

And his two sons memorized the Qur’an, and all three of them are buried with Al-Fadni . And received the flag of Sheikh Alqam grandfather Alaalghemab then returned to Aidj where he set up a mosque and then to Kdbas that ceased to exist now , which is east of Amara Taha and West Alaekorh then returned to Aidj, aged sixty years Get married after Sdod and beget sons Osman and Hassan and Hussein Ahmed and returned to Kdbas to continue his lessons and from there headed towards the place He founded the village of Wad al-Fadni and built the mosque and al-Khalawi, and the people gathered around it and planted the lands for the sustenance of the scholars. From those who received the knowledge at his hands : Sheikh Al-Qurashi, Wad Al-Zein, Sheikh Ibrahim Kabashi, Sheikh Ahmed Hammad, Sheikh Youssef Dahasha, founder of the Sheikh Al-Obaid retreat, Wad Badr Bel Al-Aidj and Faki Younis, known as Umm Daqrsi and Sheikh Hamad Al-Nil Hamad. The wind buried in Omdurman and married Sheikh On a second wife, Abd al-Labya, from the village of Sheikh Jamaa’, her father was Ali Wad Hamad and Wad Jamaa’ al-Arbab. He had Muhammad, Ibrahim and al- Khidr and two daughters, and he died after he was over a hundred years old. He was succeeded by his son, Uthman the Elder, and was succeeded by his son, Wad al-Fadni, by his son Muhammad, who was succeeded by Ali al-Saghir bin Ali al-Fadni. He was followed by al-Jaki al- Nazir Muhammad Ali, who was succeeded by his son Muhammad, who was succeeded by Hamad al-Nil al-Faki, who was succeeded by his son al-Rih, Hamad al- Nil, the current caliph. And Mr. Wad Al-Fadni is one of the most active Quran centers in Sudan, and thousands of people from all countries still visit it . Funj : such as people in the mountains of the Blue Nile region known mountains lol south of Sennar , led by their leader allied Dnks architecture with Aelaidlab Vasagtoa state Alwa and set up state Funj


Its capital was Sennar in 910 AH / 1504 AD and they lasted for more than three hundred years from about 910 AH / 1504 AD to 1235 AH / 1821 AD. 28 Sultans ruled over it in a period ranging from 315 years to 335 years as follows : 1) Dungas Building 1504 AD (2) Abdul Qadir bin Dunqas Building 1533 AD (3) Nayel Ibn Amara Dunqas 1543 AD 4) Abu Skaikin Building 1554 AD (5) Dakin and Danael 1562 AD (6) Tabla Al Awal Ibn Abdul Qadir 1577 AD (7) Unsa Al Awal Ibn Tabbal 1589 (8) Abdul Qadir II Ibn Onsa 1598 (9) ) Adlan I, born 1604-1611 AD (10)









Badi the First, the master of the people bin Abd al-Qadir 1611 AD
(11) Ribat bin Badi the First 1614 AD
(12) Badi al-Thani bin Ribat (Abu Daqan) 1642 AD
(13) Unsa II born Nasir 1677 AD
(14) Badi III bin Unsa II (Al-Ahmar) 1689 AD
15) third Ben Paddy third 1715 m ounces
(16) Noel Ben Paddy 1718
(17) fourth Paddy Abu Chlokh Ben Noel 1723 m
(18) Nasser bin Paddy fourth Abu Chlokh 1761
(19) Ismail bin Paddy fourth 1768 m
(20) Adlan II bin Ismail 1778
( 21) Ukil bin Unsa
( 1788 AD ) (22) Tabl al-Thani 1789 AD
(23) Badi Al-Fifth bin Dekain 1789 AD
(24) According to Rabbo 1789 AD
(25) Nuwar 1790 AD
(26) Badi VI Wad Tabl 1790 AD
(27) Ranvi
(28) Badi Fifth Wad Tabl II 1803-1821 AD In fact, the list of the Funj kings, especially in their last days, is turbulent in the sources due to their turbulent conditions and their dispute over The power and the savages overpowered them, who became the stakeholders in the assumption of those they wanted from the Funj sultans, and there was a great debate among researchers about their origin, whether they are from the Shilluk, from the Umayyads, or from Abyssinian origin . A group of blacks in the Gulf, especially in Kuwait, and some sources say that they are from Bani Hilal. And the Funj still live in Dar al-Fung

Blue Nile and the island Funj in northern Sudan tribe Baggara : tribe , a Sudanese big famous Bsaih cow and launches the term patrons general cow and that they were not from the tribe of Baggara and its branches, but dedicated tribes Aljhenneh in western Sudan , which graze cattle, mostly in Kordofan and Darfur , and they belong to the supervisor , and most of them belong to Junaid Ibn Ahmad Ibn Babiker Ibn al-Abbas is one of the Ja`ilis who immigrated to Kordofan and also gathered on Bagaqir and distributed it as follows : (1) Baqara Kordofan: Banu Salim on the White Nile, where they are adjacent to the Jam` in the north and Shilluk in the south to their west, Awlad Hamid and Branch Habbaniyah, both of which live south of Umm Rawaba and Hawalli. Fry, then the hawazma between the white and the dilling, and the talodi, then






Al-Misiriya south of Abu Zayd and finally Al-Hamr in the southwestern corner of Kordofan, north of the Arabian Sea and to the southwest of the Missiriya . (2) Baggara Darfur: Riziegat Habania Ta'aisha The sons of Halba and the sons of Khuzam , and there are some Misseriya just north of Riziegat and some Iaalbh and Alhoutih, happiness and Tarjem on the borders of Darfur regardless of the present in Chad ( some Helba built most of bin Khuzam and others in the views of Brno and Qurma) notes The Ta'isha, the Habbaniyah, and the children of Hamid and Salam are the children of Hammad bin Junaid, the Hawazma, the Missiriya , the Hamr and the Rizeigat are the children of his brother Attia, and they all belong to Juhayna . Al-Ashraf tribe : A group of Sharif belonging to the House of Prophecy, and they are different groups



They are scattered all over Sudan, and Al- Imam Al-Mahdi was famous for their grandfather, Haji Sharif, who was said to be Sharif Hosni , who came from the Hijaz . Among the nobles, the Beja tribe was famous. Their grandfather, Sharif Muhammad, came as a preacher to Suakin around the middle of the tenth century AH. His lineage is as follows : Sharif Muhammad bin Al Hussein bin Ali bin Al Hussein bin Mahmoud bin Ali bin Munif bin Malik bin Munif bin Sheikha bin Hussein bin Ali bin Hussein bin Muhammad Bin Abdul Rahman Bin Hussein Bin Ali Bin Ahmed Bin Musa Al-Kadhim Bin Jaafar Al-Sadiq Bin Muhammad Al-Baqir Bin Ali Zain Al-Abidin Bin Al-Hussein Bin Ali, may God honor him, and he asked to marry one of the girls of Al-Ratiqa, but they doubted his lineage, so he returned to the Hijaz and took the opportunity of Hajj and witnessed a group of notable people In honor of his lineage in 941 AH / 1451 AD and returned to

Suakin married one of the granddaughters of Muhammad Jamal al-Din, her mother was the daughter of Sheikh Bawadi from al-Handawa and al-Shara’ab, and they had four children, such as Abu Bakr (the grandfather of the Bakrab family) in Suakin and Khor Baraka , and the second Abdullah Habr (grandfather of al-Abdullyab) in Suakin and Khor Baraka, and they are the majority of supervision, and his offspring are the overseers and the verticals and they are the owners of the thorn. In supervision, he married the daughter of Mismar and gave birth to Abu al-Qasim and Hussein, whose offspring are still in charge of the Supervision Syndicate in Suakin, and then Yunus (the grandfather of al-Yunsab ), and after the proliferation of supervision, they left Suakin to Tokar and its suburbs and around the banks of Khor Baraka . Al-Ashraf is divided into several branches and they live in the cities of honor of Sudan and work in trade and agriculture. From the residence of the Khor Baraka branch, the highness of the supervision of Khor Bakra.
Speak Arabic , along with Beja and notorious for the education of women and their elders Khalawi many and their captain in Sawakin and gather every year in the Yearbook of his grandfather Sharif Mohammed and mingled by marriage with Alaratiqh than near between the two groups and their pedigree keeps them captain supervision is added to it all born again , one of the largest trees percentage in Sudan . And there are the supervision of Al-Traya and the supervision of Hilla Sharif Yaqoub, Al-Mirghani, Al- Hindi and Al-Sharif Abu Danana . Al-Ashraf Islands : The islands of Dangola are inhabited by the grandfathers of Al-Mahdi and his clan, and they are attributed to the noble nobles. Some of the nobles lived in the land of silence between the waterfall and Jabal Dosa . Treasures : The sons of the state treasure, the leader of the Arab Rabia tribe, inhabited the land



Nubia around Aswan to Kresco in the south. They had a great state, and their Kenzi language is one of the four Nubian dialects, which is close to Dongola and differs somewhat from the languages of their neighbors, Fadija and the land of Al-Hijr from Al-Mahas, because the trade road linked them to Danakula, and their origin was from the Arab Rabi’a tribes who mixed with Nubia . The treasures are divided into two major branches : The first branch : from the descendants of Sayyid Muhammad Wanis bin Rahma bin Hassan, from the lineage of Al - Fadl bin Abdullah bin Al-Abbas. Muhammad Wanis died in Baswan and has six children, the eldest of whom is Idris, grandfather of King Tunbal, King of Argo, and they are the kings of Dongola. And the second son, Hamdallah, the grandfather of Al-Wanasab Al-Hamdlab in Al-Kalabsha. The third is Arhi and his offspring on the island, and they call Al- Rahib. And the fourth is Adham and his descendants in Sudan and from their branches


The dress and the Muslimab. And the fifth is Adlan and his descendants Al-Adlanab in the middle of Al- Shayqiah . And the sixth, Khairallah, is the grandfather of al-Khairlab, and most of them are in Sudan . The second branch : They belong to Tamim Al-Dari Al-Ansari (it is mentioned that the sons of Tamim are from Lakhm and are not from the sons of the treasure of the state). They are called the superiors of the tribe. Their lineage begins with Sharaf al-Din bin Tamim al- Dari, who had two sons, Ahmed (Mithnab), and in the novel ( Qrnab) the grandfather of al-Qarnab in Abu Hur in Egypt and Sudan. And from Nasr al-Din bin Tamim al-Dar, al-Nasrlab, the sons of his son Nasr al - Din, came in the middle of al-Shayqiyah in Kassinger. Tammam bin Tamim al- Dar, nicknamed Najm al- Din, had four children : 1) Mubarak bin Najm al-Din (the grandfather of Al-Ambarkab in Upper Egypt and Sudan ) (2)



Aoun Allah (Al-Aunlab’s grandfather in Upper Egypt and Sudan )
(3) Ghulam Allah Ibn Najm Al-Din (the grandfather of Al-Harbiyab) in Egypt and Sudan (4) Amer Ibn Najm Al-Din (the grandfather of the children of Omar in Egypt and Kordofan, where they live with Al-Badriya near Al-Abyad and the treasures branch into twenty-seven branches between Egypt The Sudan lives in Aswan, Omdurman, Khartoum North and other cities of Sudan, including: Al-Wansab, Al-Madadoab, Al-Hazaylab ( some of them in Al-Kawa), Al-Aunlab (including Beri Al-Masaliyah ), Al- Abarkab (including Berber and Al-Damir), Abu Hawr ( including Berber), and Al-Jarisab (including Kamilin ). Al-Dabboud (of them completely), and Khairlab (including Bashandi ),



Aladahmab (including House Funj), Algdisab , and Nasrlab, and Albgdlab, and rural (including Eaji ), and Alsalmap (Berbers), Alhawwatin (Berbers), peasants ( Shendi), and Wazznab, and Tounnap, and Albjawab, and Alhouchb ( Shendi), and Taibab, and the island, Alhajab and Western , and Albulalab (Dongola), and Alnkdab, and Mahmodab , and Alexbab, and Alsarhnab, and Almhlap, and Kullab, and people Ajermh, and Alklepeshh . The Hamran tribe is an Arab tribe that lives in the area between the Setit River and Atbara, and they say that they are from Hawazin, who entered Sudan through Abyssinia after their dispute with Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf . One of their horsemen is the owner of Tajuj, and she is also the owner of Tajuj




Among them, the Hamrans were following Al-Dabainah, then they became independent from them . Their narration states that they are among the five men of Aoun, Aoun Allah, Atef, Attia, and Mani’, who are the sons of Khamis bin Ahmed bin Ashath bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mahmoud bin Idris bin Ismail bin Haroon bin Masoud bin Yunus bin Ibrahim bin Youssef bin Suleiman bin Mahmoud bin Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Saad bin Sa`id. Ibn Dawood Ibn Ishaq Ibn Ayoub Ibn Abu Ubaidah Ibn Aamer Ibn al-Jarrah Ibn Salman Ibn Abdullah Ibn al-Abbas Halaween or Halaween Halawyoun: or Halaween attributed to Hilu al-Juhani. One of them is sweet. They are a branch of Rifa'a and inhabit the island, especially in the Sennar region. The narration of the sons of Rahma mentions that they are the supervision of the sons of the al-Qutb al-Kamil, the jurist Rahma bin Juma bin Afif, who belongs to Sayyid Musa al-Kadhim. This is the lineage of one of his grandchildren :


Musaed bin Sheikh Ahmed bin Idris bin Abdul Qadir bin Muhammad Al- Faqih Shanina bin Al-Qutb Al-Kamil Al-Faqih Rahma bin Juma bin Afif bin Ibrahim Sheikh bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ibrahim bin Musa Al-Kadhim .... To Al-Hussein bin Ali, may God bless his face . And Al-Halaween belong to Helou bin Rafi’ bin Amer and he has ten children : (1) Nayel: Grandfather of Al-Nawiya, and among them is Al-Rahhab, the family of Sheikh Muhammad, as well as Sheikh Al -Amin Musaed . (2) Asim: the grandfather of Al-Asamneh (3) Ayesh: Jadal Al-Awaisha, Awlad Adlan, in the Al- Dibbah area in Al- Muhairiba . (4) Singer: the grandfather of the squirrel, Bud Al-Mahi, in the countryside of Al-Hosh . (5) Awf: the grandfather of Al-Awfiya and his children in Zalqam, the sons of Zalqam . (6)






Muhammad Al-Mukhallaf: grandfather of the background, the children of Kamel, Bud Al-Kamil, and Awol Arbab, in the countryside of Al-Hasahisa . 7) A grandfather of Al-Sawaihah in Al-Raseiris . (8) Elias . And the ninth and the tenth are Elisha and al-Yasa, and they have no children or work . And the largest branches of Al-Rahbab, Al-Aasmna, Al-Madidab, Al-Aydab and Al- Hadbab . Al-Rahhab: The sons of Rahma bin Juma bin Helou, including Al- Asulaab and Al-Qassab, and their cousins Al-Mudaydab, the sons of Muhammad Madida, the brother of Rahma. And from the al-Asmaneh branch, al-Farab, al-Qirshab , al- Manyab, al- Shawrab, al- Kurdab, al- Laqab, al- Tazmab, al- Huzab, al- Amamir, al-Bahyab, al- Dibaya, and al-Dashinab are cousins of Othman and Dr. Helu.




Bin Muhammad Bin Helou, including Sheikh Al-Qurashi and Dr. Al-Zein, and his mother is from Al-Asmnah bint Mukhtar Al-Halawi . They mention that Ahmad, mentioned in their lineage, is the owner of Atmour Abi Hamad, while Al- Ja`fara claims that Hamad is the grandfather of Al- Ja`frah, and from Al- Rahmab is the family of Imam Habuba and the children of Habuba Abdul Qadir and his brothers. It Almdidab Sheikh Mohammad Amin al - Qurashi and Sheikh Seer, including Aelchenanab in Umm Haninh This lineage Ahmed Alaidab: Mohamed Ali Hamid Omar Mohammed Ali Ahmed granulate God Ayed was named Ahmed Habibullah son on the occasion of the visit of Muhammad Ali Pasha to Sudan in 1838 has passed Bdiaarham and Okremam raising taxes about them . The Halawites were owners of livestock and grazing, and when they settled in the steppes of the island, they clashed with other tribes, especially the Kawala :

Have migrated Kawahla Alqrishab from my father ten area to Umm Suthep headquarters Allaoyen took place between them won a war in which Kawahla and returned to my father and ten prepared Allaoyen for revenge and fought Kawahla near Abe ten and won them . The sites with them also Algelaheb of Alchukrah have clashed with those of Balamamas Allaoyen They are descendants of pleasure Ben Attia Ben Hamdeen son Schauer descendant of Asim bin sweet and to the consultation of this belong Gomaa 's mother Sheikh Dr. Zein al - Qurashi and defeated Alamamas. The war broke out between Amamis and Shukria several times around the pasture. At the end of the Turkish era, when Muhammad was an Imam overseeing the Halaween, the battles took place between them and the Dabasin, and they won over them and evacuated them from the area north of Muhairiba. And they expanded to the Abu Sheneeb area current. And Muhammad Imam this is the father of Sheikh Abdul Qadir and Dr. Habuba . He was famous among the Salehi Al-Halawiyin Al-Faki, Rahma and Wad Al-Faki Juma, and the grandfather of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Muhammad, Imam Wad Habouba. Among them is the jurist Mukhtar, who was a student of Sheikh Youssef Abu Shara Al- Arki and had Al-Ziyarah, the mother of Sheikh Al-Qurashi and Dr. He was the overseer of Al-Halawiyin during the revolution of Wad Habuba Al-Amin Al-Amin, and his seat was on his shoulders . The famous Sheikh Mohammed Qureshi and Dr. Abdul Karim , a very Alqrchab and attributed to him Qureshi village, a student of Sheikh Musalmi world and his grave in front of a suit Qureshi . Attendance : A group of Arab Al-Juhayna traders, their origins are from Hadhrama ( Al- Hadariba), most likely, to whom is Hijazi bin Muin affiliated.




Builder Rbji one of them urban. It was said that their origin is from the Hawara and the Hawawir, and some of them say that they are Moroccan Shanaqet. Mufaddal Al- Hawari found them, as well as Wad Al-Muezzin from Al-Hawawir, and their ancestry from the Arabs of Daraw. It is said that the Shindawa, including Shindawi or Shendewit in Egypt. Accordingly, she was named Shendi in one of the novels . And settled with Alraezkih and Sadab there . Some of them settled in Matma, Al-Abyad, Madani, Al-Hasahisa, Arbaji, and Al-Muslimiyyah . Among their branches are : Al- Dafrap, Al-Dukinab, Al-Faqdab, Al-Farsab, Al-Harrab , Al- Quranjab, Al-Shaburab with Al-Matma, Al-Abyad and Shendi, including Ahmed Shabour, and Al-Shawaheen offspring Shaheen with Al-Abyad and Breasts and Madani . And they are Bashandi and Al Matma
And the white. And they were a lot of intermarriage with the senators and other attendees, the experts of the Khaybar Al Khaybar in the Khandaq and others, including Al- Jilaab Bud Rawa . Among the attendees were the Mubarak Zarrouk and Ali Zarrouk, including Younis Al- Naeem Al-Hadary bin Al-Hajj Younis bin Abdullah Al-Hawari . And the presence of a sheikh from Al-Basainah, west of Wad Madani, who are also residents of Al-Obeid . Riziegat Riziegat: a large tribe in western Sudan and are the continent in South Darfur , the south of the Arabian Sea tagging them and to the east and north , the Red House Albico and Dajo and Birgid and west Habania Aghinao original novel and remember they're Thaqeef . And their branches are many, they were called Turab al-Hain due to their large number and their center, Shikka, and they are three buildings or badanas: Al-Mahariya and Al-Nawaba.





and Mahamid. Each with its own branches consider their positions . The Mahamid and their allies Habbaniyah and Maali resisted the Fur sultans. They did not completely submit to them. They had famous facts with Zubair Pasha. And the presidency of the tribe in the house of Madbo and Dr. Ali and the family of Mahmoud Musa. They have relatives in North Darfur who are called the Northern Rizeigat. They are also the Mahamid, the Mahariya, the Nawaiba, along with the Areifat and the Atifat . The most famous of their leaders is the late Mahdia: Ajil, the leader of the Nawaiba, Bram Abu Qila: the leader of the Mahamid Mahmoud Saad and Muhammad Al-Lisa: the leaders, Umm Ahmed Ali Abdullah: the leader of Umm Salamah Issa Madbo: the leader of the sons of Awlad. Muhammad and Mahmoud Abu Zabana: the leader of the sons of Hassan, Al-Adaya and Al-Adayatiya .
 

Aramenian

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LinusLinothorax

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@Aramenian @Shwartz99
I was at a library today and just scrolled a little in a book on african christianity, had a 5 page chapter on nubia which just in passing mentions a christian kingdom of Kokka(!)

Never heard about this place before, googling around it seems to be a real thing, a kingdom of the Mahass nubians (which I mentioned before I tried to find out anything about). While there is a whole book dedicated to the topic, "The Post-Medieval Kingdom of Kokka" which I haven't been able to find, I only been able to see some articles briefly mentioning it, likely it originated as a splinter from Makuria, it ism entioned to have existed until 19th century (not said if it remained christian so long though)
It's not a book but a paper. You can read it HERE (pp. 185-205). It wasn't Christian though, but rather inherited Christian court rituals. It probably also didn't exist in the 15th century. The orally transmitted king list rather suggests an origin in the 17th century.

All these groups were frequently called Barabra by arabs, but they did not use these labels themselves
They actually did, but only when they spoke Arabic.

The sort of political implications suggest that the Al-maris tag could be ditched, splitting the land between christian makuria and the beja tribes (the nubian desert province)
Aswan could be looked into more, maybe Al-maris can survive as an ismaili shia OPM in aswan; as could be upper egypt as it was in the process of being occupied by the Hawwara https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawwara
Aswan belonged to the Mamluks, al-Maris as far south as the Korosko bend (former northern Nobatia) was under the rule of the emerging Kanzi tribe. The population upstream of Aswan was still predominantly Christian.
 
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AirikrStrife

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@AirikrStrife How am I to divide Kordofan and Darfur ?
I'm thinking to replace kunuz with Ababda (arab-beja basically, though I'm not sure about their timelien atm)


For middle nile, you really nailed Ja'alin, but I think Shayqiya should be on both sides of the nile, and not extend that far into the bayuda desert. If I remember corrently, Shayqiya did not control Korti in the beginning, not until later would they conquer Korti and most of the territory of the Bedayrat
For Kordofan the north and center is likely dominated by nomadic arabs at the moment, though there are still numerous tribes of settled and nomadic nubians in the region. But northern Kordofan (including parts of the bayuda desert) should be part of the arab confederacy.

I think you done Alodia really well also, looks great the way it is, with fazughli as a releasable tag. Maybe Funj can also be a releaseable tag that can also spawn as a disaster? I think doing funj right is one of the hardest tasks in sudan and something I have had different takes on as well xd

Southern Kordofan was dominated by indigenous tribes, Tegali was not to be a tag yet, and according to oral tradition the homeland of Nuer is located in southern kordofan and called Kwer Kwong.


Darfur have rather loose tribal policy, the north is dominated by tunjur, whose exact range of influence is a bit obscure, but would likely at some point include wadai.
In southern Darfur the Daju is still likely the "strongest" tribe, though other tribes like birgid are also rather influential (at least at some point)
For Darfur I liek using the later darfur political division in 5 provinces,

1632009844722.png

There are more maps showing darfur's provinces, but the core provinces is Dar Abu Dali, Abu Uma, Tokonawa and Dar El Gharb. This map also shows some other "provinces" of the darfur-kordofan region, Dar El Birket, Dar Nuba (southwestern kordofan) Zaghawa and meidob is also outside of core Darfur, you also see Baggara arabs in the osuth, jsut north of Bahr el arab (the border between modern north and south sudan)
Further west of course we have Dar Masalit, Dar Tama, Dar Sila, Dar Qimr (though none of these existed as states at the time, atleast masalit and tama probably were established there in the ethnic sense, don't think Qimr was (they're arabs) nor Sila yet)
There are many more tibes i nthe area, let me know how many provicnes you want to have, and how far south into CAR you want to go and we can look at it more

For tunjur and Keyra, it makes some sense using darfur as the tag and have them as different dynasties

So these are sort of the building blocks, I can send you a book covering the arab tribes more in detail (though it depicts the later 18th-19th tribes and might not be accurate in large parts for 15th century)
Aswan belonged to the Mamluks, al-Maris as far south as the Korosko bend (former northern Nobatia) was under the rule of the emerging Kanzi tribe. The population upstream of Aswan was still predominantly Christian.
I will look at your link tomorrow.
My main question is how much do you know about the Hawwara? the brief readings I made claims they would come to dominate upper egypt and basically be autonomous from egypt.

I'm also thinking if Kanzi are to be represented, they have to have Aswan or they'd be too small to have i nthe game.
 

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I'm thinking to replace kunuz with Ababda (arab-beja basically, though I'm not sure about their timelien atm)
Here I would not change anything, it seems to me that as it is, it is good.
For middle nile, you really nailed Ja'alin, but I think Shayqiya should be on both sides of the nile, and not extend that far into the bayuda desert. If I remember corrently, Shayqiya did not control Korti in the beginning, not until later would they conquer Korti and most of the territory of the Bedayrat
He will hand over the province of Korti to the Bedaria tribe.
How much land did the Shaigiya tribe control in the north of the Nile River?
For Kordofan the north and center is likely dominated by nomadic arabs at the moment, though there are still numerous tribes of settled and nomadic nubians in the region. But northern Kordofan (including parts of the bayuda desert) should be part of the arab confederacy.
I think the Kordofan tag will represent the Arab tribes and indigenous peoples of the El-Obeid province.
I think you done Alodia really well also, looks great the way it is, with fazughli as a releasable tag. Maybe Funj can also be a releaseable tag that can also spawn as a disaster? I think doing funj right is one of the hardest tasks in sudan and something I have had different takes on as well xd
I think I will want to add Funj as a playable country at the beginning of the game. It will start as a Christian country and the ruler will be random.

Southern Kordofan was dominated by indigenous tribes, Tegali was not to be a tag yet, and according to oral tradition the homeland of Nuer is located in southern kordofan and called Kwer Kwong.
I think I will add Teqali as the country that will represent the Nuba tribes.
Should it start as a stateless society?
Darfur have rather loose tribal policy, the north is dominated by tunjur, whose exact range of influence is a bit obscure, but would likely at some point include wadai.
In southern Darfur the Daju is still likely the "strongest" tribe, though other tribes like birgid are also rather influential (at least at some point)
For Darfur I liek using the later darfur political division in 5 provinces,
I was thinking about such a division of Darfur and Kordofan
The Wadai lands are under the control of Daju, the capital of the country is Nyala.
In the 16th century the first dynasty of Darfur (Daju language) was overthrown by the Tunjurs and many refugees moved to Ouadai or Wadai. These refugees formed a kingdom, the Daju-speaking Dar Sila. At the end of the century the tunjurs or tanjurs who had conquered Darfur also conquered the Ouadai which became a feudal state. The capitals of the Tangiers were then Uri and Ayn Farah in northern Darfur.
Tunjur starts with its capital in the province of Ain Farah and controls the north of the country.
I wonder who would be the ruler of Tunjur at the start of the game and the same goes for Daju.

As for Daju, the first ruler would be Ahmed al-Daj's father, Kaseforge's.

20210919125739_1.jpg
 
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AirikrStrife

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Here I would not change anything, it seems to me that as it is, it is good.
Seems Like Kunuz/Kenzi are established along the nile south of Aswan and in Korosko, not desert nomads at the time, and not controling Halaib for sure, so renaming the tag to Adabda would be appropriate I think
He will hand over the province of Korti to the Bedaria tribe.
How much land did the Shaigiya tribe control in the north of the Nile River?
Basically as far as the agricultural zone goes... then the desert takes on there are only scattered nomads, maybe some nomads were shayqiya, I think they're mentioned to have been both settled and some nomadic elements
think the Kordofan tag will represent the Arab tribes and indigenous peoples of the El-Obeid province.
Sounds good
I think I will want to add Funj as a playable country at the beginning of the game. It will start as a Christian country and the ruler will be random.
While there are rumors of funj having been christian, at most this would be very nominal and based on alodian influence, I also think it's not fittign for the muslim-christian balance, as there were no emergent christian power in the region, so pagan or muslim
I think I will add Teqali as the country that will represent the Nuba tribes.
Should it start as a stateless society?
sounds good
I was thinking about such a division of Darfur and Kordofan
The Wadai lands are under the control of Daju, the capital of the country is Nyala.
There are so many inconsistencies between the different sources. What I find unlikely is the idea of Daju ruling all wadai, I think that passage should rather read they settled in parts of waddai (which would be dar sila), they had by no means a centralized rule in southern darfur either. Again about balance I definitly think tunjur should be the strogner power in the region
 

AirikrStrife

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Aswan belonged to the Mamluks, al-Maris as far south as the Korosko bend (former northern Nobatia) was under the rule of the emerging Kanzi tribe. The population upstream of Aswan was still predominantly Christian.
Then if Kenzi are to be in the game they should control aswan provicne (allowing that poetic licensing letting them hold the city) but if not at least aswan should have nubian culture.

Also Hawwara could be a march/vassal of mamluks then, or at least be a releasable tag; though I probably call the tag Said