Even CK2 have defensive coalitions so I don't se why EU4 can't have it too. In CK2 if your threat is over 5% I think all members of your religion can join a defensive pact, if it's 50% all members of a religious group can join the pact and if it's 90% (I think) the anyone can join in. Then you have to fight basically the whole world if you don't chill for your threat to tick down. However in CK2 this is heavily exploitable since you can just transport a doomstack by boat to the target duchy and rush all the forts to get easy 100% war score in a couple of months, this wouldn't be possible in EU4 however.
I don't think mimicing CK2's defensive pacts is a good idea. Take inspiration from them, sure, but don't outright copy.
There are significant problems with CK2's defensive pacts, to the extent that the devs made them optional (you can turn them off in game rules and still get achievements). (Eg1: The ability to win wars in a few months, as you described, but this is somewhat counterbalanced by the fact that you can't take anything outside the wargoal. Eg2: The absurd rapidity of gaining Threat: it very quickly caps out at 50% per war for mid-sized empires. Eg3: The absurdly slow rate at which you lose Threat: approx 1-2% per year. Eg4: The fact that your vassals can go to war on their own, don't have to fight the pact, but still add to your Threat.)