AI can see two seazones, this is pretty much necessary since computers cannot 'guess' where your fleet might be.
This is also true for land units.
I was under impression that AI has no fog of war at all, not only 2 sea zones.
If you have land army that is 2 provinces away from AI's army and you send reinforcement as soon as it attacks, it will abort the attack even though it shouldn't know there is reinforcing army 2 provinces away.. So, it basically sees the whole map but doesn't always act like it does.
No, the AI will spam actions based on the knowledge of forces marching on them from far away. I get what you're trying to say, that it only "sees" these stacks when being marched upon, but experienced players have used this to get it to "cheat" and lift sieges or combine stacks into attrition through the fog of war and cripple its siege progress, melt its own stacks, or lose because they or their ally got sieged first and suddenly one side is the player's vassal.
On sea, it's less abusable, but on land you can definitely make the AI screw itself over without the inconvenience of ever having to actually move.
an ai programmer dev admitting the ai has a bug? I lol'd. Hope it gets fixed then.