for (a), i think you mean a state was NOT firmly under the thumb of a local power. otherwise, it is opposite to (b) or (c)
just responding off the top of my head to start with, Ternate and Sulu certainly do not pass (b) because they were nations historically posed strong resistance to European colonisation. the nations on java island certainly dont pass (c) and (a) just by the sheer size of the number of subjects under their rule, the state of their civilisation, and the frequent interaction including wars engage with other nations. if they are not nations, then most of the nations in the world at that time shouldnt be nations. Brunei was a great trading nation with sophisticated administration and diplomatic interaction with nations in SE Asia as well as China, expanding into southern Phillipines during the course of the timeframe, i find it difficult to say it doesnt pass (a) or (c). Jambi, Palembang and Banjar had frequent interactions with nearby nations and fought wars especially against the ruling dynasty in Java who always tried to subdue them in times of strength, i doubt you can say they dont pass (c) let alone (b) or (a).
i seems hard to justify not including most of these nations unless a regionally biased perspective is brought in. in fact, i think some nations which dont pass the test is already excluded in the game due to the fact that much looser detail is given to divide regions into provinces that are more further away from Europe. this leads to important wars not being able to be simulated for example when Malacca took two large provinces Pahang and Kedah from thailand, nearly doubling its size, that wouldnt even show up as a border change in the game. it also means that important nations that exist within the same province cannot be created even when the province quite easily can support several important urban centres, unlike in Europe. These problems show up consistently in the entire Far East region, especially in SE Asia and E Indies.