More of Brotherly Love
To the Pilgrimage! Again!
In July 1083, Robert Guiscard made yet another attempt to show the world how good a Christian he really is. It is time for yet another Pilgrimage. Yet again, to Rome. Because this is the cheapest option, of course. And conveniently located nearby. And having good relations with the Pope does not hurt as well. So, Robert donned his pilgrim’s hat and started walking. Of course, since he was a King of Sicily, he did not walk alone. Lots of pilgrims started their journey, some seemingly carrying weapons and having chainmail under their pilgrims outfits.
There you go, invest 90 gold
Fortunately, no standing in the rain this time. Mostly because the rain is rare in the Mezzogiorno summer. Heat can be unbearable though. So can be bandits. Stupid, stupid bandits, thinking this would be yet another pilgrims camp to rob. Instead, they met a wall of steel and military expertise. Imagine, sneaking upon a camp, hoping to find some easy prey, rob them of their valuables and leave them to starve and beg. Instead, upon attacking, a tent opens up, an eldery gentleman in his nightgown jumps out, sword in hand, smiling widely, but his eyes spoke murder. Soon followed by other gentlemen with similar disposition and weaponry. The bandits, around 20 of them, didn’t even get a chance to run. Half of them were dead, half of them wounded. Robert gave quick judgement, and five minutes after the skirmish, the rest of the bandits were promptly hanged. Normans went back to sleep.
Now the camp to attack
In September 1083, Robert reached Rome. There, he asked the Pope for some tax refunds. Pope Alexander II, so pleased that Robert took the pilgrimage, answered favourably. As Robert Guiscard himself commented: “Invest 90 gold in pilgrimage, get 255 in return. Plus you get to skewer some bandits on the way. Perfection!” Then, he paused. Thought about it. “Oh, and you get to visit the Christian holy site and reflect upon Christ or something like this as well.”
... and gain 255 in return. This is a good deal
Robert used the pilgrimage on another thing as well. Finally having some time for himself, he used the quiet nights to let the scribes read him the “Gallic Wars” by Caesar. Proper Christian literature for one’s pilgrimage, after all. Robert did actually pick up some tips from the grand master.
Some light reading during pilgrimage
More of Brotherly Love
From October 1076 to October 1078, for the entire two years, Robert Guiscard fought against Doux Nikolaos of Cephalonia and Epirus who tried to revoke some countries from Count Romanos, his very own brother. Unfortunately for Nikolaos, Romanos was also son-in-law of Robert, having married his eldest daughter, Matilda. Robert saw it as Nikolaos was trying to make his own daughter homeless wanderer and intervened. This resulted in Nikolaos being thoroughly beaten, deposed of his titles and the middle brother, Gregorios, installed as the new Doux.
Unfortunately, Gregorios died of wounds in October 1082. Died heirless. Meaning, Nikolaos got something few of us do- a second chance. He was once again the Doux of Cephalonia and Epirus. And he had learned nothing. For in October 1083, he once again tried to make Countess Matilda a homeless wanderer. Once again, Romanos came crying to Robert Guiscard and once again, the King of Sicily sighed heavily and ordered his troops to be gathered.
The military power of Doux Nikolaos and his allies was just about the same as it was half a decade ago. The same did not apply to Normans, for the muscle Hautevilles could put out had increased about twofold.
It was actually such an overkill that there is nothing much to write about the war. Sure, Normans fought some battles. Outnumbering and out-commanding the enemy by far. Sure, they took some castles in sieges. But overall, the war could be summed up with a simple sentence: Robert Guiscard came and won.
Nikolaos Pailailogos was once again deposed. This time, his son Athanasios, aged 4, took over the Duchy and once again, the lands of Count Romanos were secure. As the Normans left, Robert Guiscard looked deep into the eyes of Romanos and said in a quiet voice: “Finish it, boy!”
Doux Nikolaos, wasting his second chance
Hautevilles and Marriage
Yolanda got better! In January 1085, young Yolanda had finally recovered from consumption. Only to get typhus a year later. She recovered within a few months though.
From consumption to typhus. Some people don't have all the luck.
It was then the King arranged marriages of his daughters as well. Yolanda got Saltaru. Man with a bit of pale complexion, but quite an intelligent man. Suitable for breeding new fresh young bright Hautevilles. Fresende got Muniu. Not the brightest, but the boy had exceptional prowess.
More brilliance coming to Hauteville family
To the more pressing matter though: Bohemond the Younger. Finding a suitable match for the heir of Bohemond, most likely the future King of Sicily, is no laughing matter. It needs careful consideration. So, consider they did.
Abelard was first. “How about Princess Emilia, fifth child of King Kresemir the Great of Croatia? House Trpimirovic is quite powerful and also nearby. The alliance between us between them would be beneficial to all of us...”
There was agreeable nodding all around the table.
Then, it was Robert of Lanciano. “Princess Mautild of England. Four years old, but we could get the houses of Normandie and Hauteville joined. Northern Normans and Southern Normans, united...” he sounded dreamy.
Roger said with a cold voice: “Last I checked, they were Normans no more. Plus, too distant for the alliance to be of any practical value. Next!”
Robert sighed, looking a bit disappointed, but he understood what Roger meant.
Geoffrey of Bar was next. “How about Infanta Sanca of Galicia. House Jimena is no small catch- and even better, she is the current heir of King Garcia Fernandez, so there is a good chance that the sons of this union will rule over both Galicia and Sicily.”
There was again agreeable nodding. Then, it was Robert of Lanciano who opened his mouth. “Queen Emma of Galicia is just 30 years old. And King Garcia is known for his familial duties, meaning also bedding the queen frequently. Our reports say that the likelihood of a male heir coming sooner or later is inevitable.”
“And besides the lure of the throne, Galicia has nothing much to offer us.” Roger ageed. “Next!”
Dragomir, the steward, beamed. “I have the best of all- Princess Eunike of the Byzantine Empire. Nothing like marrying your grandson to the daughter of Basileos himself! Just think of the prestige!”
He was silenced by the cold looks of the Normans. Being a Croatian, former capture of war and all that, he did not understand.
“No,” said Robert. “Not the Byzantines. Never!”
And that was that.
“Bohemond, you have been silent?” said Robert to his son and marshal. “Don’t you have any preference?”
“Hmm,” said Bohemond. “How about Mernissa?”
“Mernissa of what? What House?”
“Mernissa of nowhere,” said Bohemond. “Just a girl I met when I visited Count Serlo of Medjerda.”
Rest of the council was shocked. “A commoner?”
“As was my dear Eudokia,” Bohemond reminded them. Robert nodded in agreement.
“The child was exceptionally strong,” continued Bohemond. “Like an ox. And I talked with her. She was smart too. Something that would strengthen the line of Hautevilles for sure...”
“Just,” he continued. “She is born out of wedlock as well. “Her father is Youkhanna, the steward of Serlo. And her mother is Adilah, a simple nobody in the court of Serlo. It is a well-known secret there that these two fornicate- and Mernissa is a result of that.”
“Hmm, what else?” asked Robert
“Well, she also is a Muslim,” Bohemond added.
“So, a child born out of wedlock, whose parents are known fornicators, but known for nothing else?” said Robert. “To marry the future King of Sicily?”
Bohemond just nodded.
“And yet, she is exceptional?” Robert asked
Bohemond nodded once again.
“Ok,” said Robert. “I always thought that merit wins over whom your parents are, but putting a bastard Muslim on the throne... interesting. Mernissa it is!”
Thus, Bohemond the Younger was betrothed to Mernissa, a girl with no lineage, no prospects and even no clear parents. The world was in shock.
Bohemond the Younger and Mernissa the Wild Oat
Finally, Gaitelgrima, the soon-to-be-of-age daughter of Robert, was betrothed to Svetozar. A commoner from Russia, who forgot his spine, but who again was smart and bright. Robert kept the meritocracy thing going.
Yet another commoner
Also, during the time, Robert got even better at warfare. Now, he was a strategist, known for his cunning of finding new devious ways to slaughter the enemy on the battlefield.
Robert, even better at kicking butt at large scale
Even More of Brotherly Love
The following years, apart from the matrimonial issues, were quiet. Robert helped some of his vassals with their pesky peasant revolts, but beside that, nothing much happened.
Until in February 1088, yet another message from Count Romanos arrived. This time, the Count was asking for Robert’s help against Doux Athanasios, age 7. But now, it was the Count who was the aggressor and went on to press his claim of Epirus. “Good,” commented Robert as the Norman forces gathered once again.
Here we go again
The highlight of the war was when Robert and over 5000 of his merry men caught up with the enemy besieging Metzovo, led by good old Perctarit of the Longbeards. Normans, taking full advantage of the mountainous nature of the province, surrounded the enemy and picked the Longbeards off.
“See, I told you to pick better contracts,” said Robert to Perctarit after the battle. The mercenary just shrugged and said “Paid in advance. More gold for me.”
Hello Longbeard my old friend
The other notable event was the Battle of Gardiki, in September 1088. Not because the battle had been special. No, it was around 500 enemy against a force 10 times their size. It ended as predicted. Just this time, Robert Hauteville got Nikolaos Palailogos as prisoner. The main reason why he had to cross the Adriatic for the third time.
Robert thought of torture or perhaps an execution. Just to show them who is the boss. Instead, he beckoned Nikolaos to him and simply said: “Few people will get to know what they are truly worth. You do. 25 gold, paid fully by your son. Now, start walking and if you ever cause trouble again, I will not be as lenient.”
Perhaps I should have killed the chicken...
War was over in November 1088 and now, Count Romanos had changed into Doux Romanos II of Epirus. Incidentally, also meaning that Matilda was a countess no more, but Duchess. Robert once again left the Byzantine lands, but before, he said to Romanos: “Boy. Remember who made you the Doux. Remember this the next time you think of getting a lover or going whoring”.
Romanos just flinched and nodded.
From a simple Count to powerful Doux