The Weird Crusade
The Second Crusade was often called either the Norman Crusade or the Weird Crusade. It was done so for several reasons. Amongst the first one was the participants. There was of course the Pope, Clemens III. Then, there was King Bohemond of Sicily. Also, naturally. Then, there were 13 counts from all over Europe. No Duke, no King, no Emperor partook in the Second Crusade. Just Pope, Normans and some counts.
Bohemond and lot of Counts and Countesses
Then, there was the opposition. Yes, all the Muslim rulers in Iberia joined in to defend against the Christians. Of course. All the Muslims in Iberia joined the Hadids in their defense against the Pope, fully understanding that they will be next if they sit this one out. Just, their forces were not that numerous and Bohemond had already culled their numbers a bit. Altogether, they managed to get little over 5000 soldiers in the field. Nothing special. The main opposition of the Second Crusade were instead Duchess Adalaida of Toulose and her ally, Duke Guilhelm of Aquitane. The Duchess was waging war against the Hudids, claiming Barcelona to herself and no way she was going to let some stinking crusaders stop her from doing that.
The main adversary of the Second Crusade- Adalaida of Toulose
Meaning, the Second Crusade was mainly fought between Christians, both trying to conquer the Muslims and neither side giving up.
When the war begun, Bohemond split his troops even more, leaving little over 4000 soldiers under his direct command and sending rest to reinforce the siege of Murcia. Mostly because the wares were running out and Bohemond did not want to risk attrition in the not so wealthy provinces.
First thing the Normans did was to hit the rebels at Castellon. In November 1110, the Normans brushed the peasants aside and ended the uprising against Queen Griselda.
That is the end of the rebels
The Normans then marched to Tarragona and put the province under siege. They were the first ones to arrive, though the Papal forces were already in the process of landing. They were not the first Christians to arrive though. The troops of Aquitaine and Toulouse were already present and were besieging Urgell. At the moment, the opposing Christians were happy to stay at their locations- neither Bohemond of the Occitan Dukes desired a direct confrontation.
Normans, besieging Tarragona. Toulouse, besieging
It stayed that way until Tarragona fell in April 1111. Then, Bohemond marched south, for the enemy had once again put Alcaraz under siege. In early July, the Normans hit the besiegers, killed off about a third of the enemy and forced the rest to retreat.
Marching south
Meanwhile, peasants, thinking that it is ok to revolt while the master is away, rose up in Palermo and several other places in the Kingdom. Most likely counting on the fact that all the Norman forces were aboard and the Kingdom defenseless. And they were right. Mostly. As it happened, the Norman secondary forces had finished the siege of Murcia. Now, Bohemond was planning to use them in Iberia, yes, but given the situation, decided to send them home instead.
It would have been devastating just a few decades ago
In October 1111, the Norman peasants met with the revolting peasants and the rebellion was crushed. That was awfully nice of them to gather in Palermo, relieving Normans from hard job of hunting them all over. Then, Bohemond disbanded his extra levy. Mostly because he did not want to pay extra money not to pay again to ship them over to Iberia.
Not anymore. Sorry, peasants.
Then, the Normans marched North again. In August, Bohemond caught a small Muslim force in Tarragona and destroyed them. After that, Normans marched to Barcelona and put that under siege.
Target practice
Meanwhile, the situation in Iberia had changed. The other Christians were pushed back due to Papal forces and other crusaders doing very unchristian things in their home territory. The Occitan Dukes were not totally crushed, but in Iberia, the situation had changed- the Muslims, using this as an opportunity, went on a counter-offensive and were besieging several provinces that were under Christian control.
Crusaders, pushing Toulouse back, Muslims marching in to fill the void
Barcelona fell on January 1112. Bohemond marched south, to get the enemy besieging Tarragona. Of course, the other Muslim army besieging Urgell did not just watch, but marched to relieve the first one. Meanwhile, all the Christian allies nearby seemed to be busy doing something else. This was where the Norman knights really shined. Günther, Arnald of Calabria and William of Lanciano, all made legends of themselves in that battle, as the Norman knights and their retinues broke into the enemy, leaving chaos, destruction and corpses behind. Killing nearly 2000 enemy soldiers and breaking the sieges of Tarragona and Urgell with just one battle- Normans were becoming legendary and their commander, Bohemond, was compared to Alexander and Caesar.
The kill count is unreal
Then, it was time to march south again, for it was Murcia that was under attack by the Muslims of North Africa. In May 1112, Normans came, saw and conquered. Well, relieved. For the small force of the enemy was thoroughly defeated, while Normans lost little over 100 soldiers. Some of the enemy commanders captured also added to the war chest of Bohemond.
To the south again
Then, it was time to hit the North again. Now, the situation had changed again. Muslims were somewhere else, while Toulose was making gains. This will not do, and for the first time during the Second Crusade, it was Normans who attacked their fellow Christians.
Bohemond hit a small for of Auvergne in Cardona in August. The battle was over fast- and good thing that it was, for reinforcements were arriving. The Second Battle of Cardona was almost as successful- though this time, Normans did not fight alone. The final number of soldiers under Bohemond reached nearly 9000, outnumbering the enemy 2-1.
The biggest battle of the war (that Normans took part in)
During that time, Griselda managed to sign a peace with Emir Tifan of Ghomara, ending the North African attempt to gain foothold in Iberia. The other war still raged on, but with the Crusaders fighting the same targets, the Queen had an advantage.
One Muslim Holy War, thwarted
This was all for the major battles of the war. Bohemond actually did make a small detour to Ocitane, destroying smaller Occitan armies and also fought against Muslims in smaller engagements. Nothing to write home about. It was clear that the Crusaders had won, against both Toulouse and the Muslims.
On 28th of April, the enemy gave up. Hudid Emirate was forced to give back their recent conquests in Aragon and Barcelona and now, the Christians again had four and a half kingdoms in Iberia (Well, Navarra. Technically a Kingdom). Normans to the East of me, Jimenas to the West. Here the Muslims are, stuck in the middle.
Four and Half Christian Kingdoms of Iberia
Griselda was left to fight Dhunnunids on her own, but she already had an upper hand. Bohemond was certain her sister would do well.
Royal Matters
Another son was born to Bohemond and Mernissa in August 1111. Named Tancred after his great-grandfather. The succession situation was starting to worry Bohemond for a bit, though he was still a young man.
Not that young no more though. In October 1111, the eldest child of Bohemond, Abelarda, came of age. It seemed like it was just moments ago when she was born, but now, she was 16 already. And Bohemond missed the wedding of his own beloved daughter, because of the war. The future husband, Michael Agyros, was an exceptionally beautiful man- a true prince charming. No titles, some claims, but something good to give to the Hauteville line- his looks.
When your firstborn marries, you realize you are not the youngest no more. Also, what a moustache Prince Charming has
Arnald of Kroumerie did create his own House in October 1111. Modest man as he was, he named it House Arnaldid, and thus, all his descendants would be known as Arnaldids from this moment on. This gave the man immense pleasure for sure. “Valor is Prosperity”, he added modestly.
Ahh, the modesty of Arnald!
Final Weirdness
Gerald de Hauteville. King of Aragon. Son of Count Tomasz of Constantine and Princess Mabel of Sicily. Fourth son. The previous three being Arnald of now Arnaldids, Duke of Kroumerie. Duke Alfons of Alexandria and Count Robert of Algiers. Making the youngest son most successful.
The weird thing is that Gerald had adopted the Baranis culture. Becoming native, as they called it. And according to the fine cultural traditions of Baranis, he called himself Amir-al-Umara Gerald de Hauteville of Grand Emirate of Aragon. Thus, the Crusade ended with a Christian Grand Emir taking over Aragon.
Amir al-Umara Gerald of Grand Emirate of Aragon. And his brothers.