Sitzkrieg
Berlin, 1.5.1940
The first Christmas at war has passed. What a strange thing. Now I think I know what our fathers had felt when they experienced it 20 years ago. A day to celebrate the coming of the messiah spent killing others.
Though it wasn’t at all terrifying. I spent the time in Berlin together with other men I have come to know over the past 4 years. For one evening, the war was forgotten. The whole city didn’t feel like we are at war. You could only notice it by the few men that were actually seen on the streets, and most of those in uniforms.
That’s the
Sitzkrieg for me. You don’t notice that the country is at war until you enter the rooms of the
Kriegsministerium. There the reality hits you.
The Phony War in the Allied...
...and the German lines
But this is now almost over. For the weeks until Christmas there was almost nothing going on. Most of the world’s attention was on the Fino-Russian war. We didn’t have a plan how to move against the Allies and they didn’t want to take a move against us.
In January all this was over. The war was coming back. As a result the Finnish surrender was just a mere marginal note. Our own planning phase had begun.
The central question was: How will we tackle the Allied problem. How will we be able to beat an opponent that we weren’t able to beat the first time.
Our own position was notably better. We wouldn’t be involved in a two-front-war. That was it though. The French had totally fortified the border with a un-impregnable structure: The Maginot-line. Our best chance was to go around. The best way around was through Belgium. The problem was we had already tried this and had failed some time ago. There was the need of a new plan and after a short assessment, 2 plans evolved as having the smallest failure chance.
Plan A was fairly simple: Repeat 1914. Invade Belgium and Luxembourg and try to go as fast as possible. As soon as reaching the border with France, turn left and conquer Paris. The last time, we were actually very close in doing so.
The men that had come up with the plan were sure that this time we would be able to pull it off. Our formations had shown their speed and skill in battle. Our tanks were the surprising and decisive factor in Poland. Additionally, this time we would not have the Russians in our backs, so our troops would be concentrated on the Western Front.
The problem here was that the French would exactly expect this attack. And their formations had become faster as well. They had more men and probably more tanks than we did. As a result they would be able to enter their prepared positions and once again bog us down in a bloody war to exhaustion.
Different versions of the plans
Plan B was not at all more sophisticated: It was actually the exact same plan, but with the Netherlands involved. Since 1936, the
Abwehr, our secret service, has established a wide network in the Netherlands. They were able to boost the popularity of the dutch Nationalists quite substantially. They would in return enter into an alliance with us, giving us access to overseas resources and the border to northern Belgium. As a result this would open a completely new possibility to us. Invade the neutral Belgium form the east and the north and traverse it before the Allies would be able to react. This would mean that the important left hook of our troops would have already been performed naturally and would save us vital time. With this opportunity it was clear what plan the
OKW chose.
The Allies however would not play along idly. In February, when our troops were already preparing for the invasion and were upgrading their equipment with the latest technological advances, the British caught the scent of our plans. Quickly a secret task force had been put together to begin a mission to counter our efforts. Shortly before the election, they also used diplomatic pressure to work against us. When our men noticed it, it had already been to late. Our mission was canceled and a meeting of the Staff was seen up on the 25th of February.
Additionally to this, the situation in Spain had changed drastically as well. Since the Nationalist’s defeat, a struggle of power between the Anarcho-Communists and the democratic forces in the country had been going on. This struggle was now finally decided. With a lot of help from the western Allies, the democratic forces in Spain took over once more. And since then, talks dave been started for them to join the war against us. This was very concerning for us, as it meant a stronger Western Front against us. We would need to deal with this new issue as quickly as possible as soon as we would be able to. For that reason we needed a fast victory in France.
As a result, it was quickly concluded that the plan would have to be altered. There was no time anymore to completely form a new one. Many alternatives were discussed when the leader of the
1. Armee, General von Manstein, put forward a new variation. He meant to quickly overrun the Netherlands and install a loyal government. This would provoke the Allies to mover North to counter our advances. This would give us room and time to cut them off with a maneuver form the south. This
Sichelschnitt though the dense and difficult terrain of the Ardennes was firstly deemed too risky. And a simple advance similar to the
Schlieffenplan was developed. After some days, General Beck had ordered me to once again bring him the documents that von Manstein had presented. Together with me, he went through the plan once again and in the afternoon of the same day, a meeting with the
Führer was set. After some time, Hitler agreed on using this new plan. He and Beck valued the now given possible element of surprise greater than the risk involved with the maneuver. The plan was given its detail and our troops got orders to move into their initial position.
The available troops in the West (two
Armee-Korps were left in the east to secure Poland) were organized in 2 Armygroups ,
Heeresgruppe II and
Heeresgruppe III.
Heeresgruppe III was tasked with the southern part of the front. It was commanded by General von Bock and had under its command 3 Armies,
1. Armee under von Manstein, the author of the plan himself,
7. Armee under Paulus and
3. Armee under von Reichenau.
1. Armee was by far the most powerful of all the armies in the
Heer. It had most of the tank forces concentrated under its command. They would perform the
Sichelschnitt, like von Manstein had it envisioned.
7. Armee was its Infantry in reserve. Their main task was to cover the flanks of our tanks and secure the land captured by them.
3. Armee was for now stationary. Its task was to occupy as many allied troops as possible on their static line on the Rhine.
Heeresgruppe II was responsible for the northern flank, for the faint. It was strong and capable of opposing and beating the enemy it faced with its 3 armies,
4. Arme,
5. Armee and
6. Armee, commanded by von Kluge.
4. Armee, commanded by von Weichs, was very weak on its own. But it also only faced the weakest point of the enemy and would only function as a connector between the other armies of the army group.
6. Armee under von Brauchitsch was stronger. With its
II. Panzer-Korps, it would be tasked with securing northern Belgium and would put pressure on the Allies to rush north. Additionally it was hoped that with a fast strike against Brussels, a quick Belgium surrender could be forced.
5. Armee of Model had been heavily stripped down. Regarded as the strongest army in Poland it now was only commanding 3 corps. Their task was to make the dutch surrender and install a loyal government.
The
Luftwaffe would partake in this operation in all of its force. It was important for us to secure arial superiority and use our bombers properly. This would be hard against the huge combined western air fleet.
The
Kriegsmarine would sit idly during this operation. Its use was deemed unnecessary and too risky.
A plan for what would happen after a successful execution of the
Sichelschnitt was not set. This was not the most assuring signal to the all that were present.
Today, I’m sitting here waiting for the set starting date of the campaign. Until then our troops still need lots of new equipment. Though our tanks would need to go into the campaign without their new beasts as they still weren’t mass produced. The Infantry was in the most part ready to go at least. On the 10th of May, the
Wehrmacht in all its force would fight a battle against a foe superior in every part. If the plan would succeed, it would be a glorious day for all of us, if not we will fall.