Invasion of Yugoslavia: Preparations (January-March 1940)
The first domestic actions were to move towards Hawk Lobby and appoint a new Intelligence Minister, Sándor Csia.
Sándor Csia, the new Intelligence Minister - 1st January, 1940
In January, Hungarian diplomats reported that the all independence guarantees for Yugoslavia had expired. This was an excellent opportunity to retrieve the southern territories lost after the Treaty of Trianon, without provoking a major international incident.
The General Staff was ordered to develop an invasion plan against Yugoslavia in just a week. The target’s terrain and numerous rivers made it extremely difficult to conquer Yugoslavia from the north. And having victory points in Skopje and Dubrovnik meant that virtually all provinces had to be occupied.
The rough terrain and main rivers (with their names) of Yugoslavia
The Staff was aware that Germany would immediately join the war. The concern was that the Germans would immediately attack Slovenia (Ljubljana and Maribor) from Austria and break into Croatia. Hungary wanted to prevent this, because it insisted on occupying Croatia itself and not let the Germans do it. The idea of attacking Slovenia directly from Győr was dropped due to a huge natural obstacle - the Drava River. Instead, it was decided that a fast mobile corps will be set up, which would sweep through northern Croatia from Szeged through Újvidék(Novi Sad) - Eszék (Osijek) – Bjelovar – Maribor. This fast corps wil be supported from the other side of the Drava River – from Pécs and Győr.
By the end of January the General Staff had come up with a plan consisting of 2 phases.
In the first phase a major force would rush from Szeged towards the west, and when reaching Maribor, turn to the south towards Rijeka to shut the door before the Germans. A smaller force will secure Becskerek (Zrenjanin) and Eszék (Osijek) having the Sava and Danube rivers helping them defend from the south. Another major force (consisting of mountain units) would move southwards, down to Mostar, do cut off all western Yugoslavian units from the capital, Belgrade. This second force would be protected from the east by the Drina River, and the rough terrain would help it defend from the west. The most risky part of the first phase is the crossing of the Sava River when advancing towards Mostar.
By the end of the first phase the Sava, Una and Drina rivers will be the natural defenses against possible Yugoslav counter-attacks.
In phase one, the air force's task is to interdict forces in Croatia, and to keep Yugoslav planes on the ground by making air superiority missions in Serbia (especially above Belgrade) and Croatia.
The Plan for the Invasion of Yugoslavia: Phase 1
In phase two, the western Yugoslavian units would be encircled and destroyed, and then the Hungarian Army would turn to the east to occupy Serbia and Macedonia.
The air force's task - hopefully already having full air superiority - was to aid the destruction of Yugoslav forces in Croatia and then re-basing to Belgrade to help the offensive there.
Phase 2 was not as well-defined as Phase 1 simply because of the unanticipated events that may have happened.
The Plan for the Invasion of Yugoslavia: Phase 2
The reason for taking care of the eastern part later, is that Germany would rush into Yugoslavia from the west, which would’ve meant gray Croatia instead of brown.
Now, the question was when to attack. Since Germany would immediately join the hostilities, it would probably re-organize some of its troops from the Russian border. Luckily, the SU was still waging war in Finland. It was probable that they would not DOW Germany before they make peace with the Finnish. So, Hungary had to invade Yugoslavia before SU and Finland make peace. But it was still winter, and snow covered the North of the Balkans.
The other problem was that the fast, mobile corps was not ready yet. The first Turán medium tank division would have been completed by no sooner than the beginning of March. And having a tank division for the offensive in the Northern-Croatian plains was crucial. So, the start of invasion was anticipated for the middle or end of March - depending on the weather.
The Turán I, a Hungarian medium tank based on the Skoda T-21*
A major army re-organization took part during the beginning of March. 2 armies were created, led by General Dálnokfalva and General Gorondy-Vovak. The General Staff decided that the forces should be very flexible - they were build down to division level. This ensured that they would have been quickly reorganized if things would not go as planned.
The order of battle was:
1. Magyar Királyi Hadsereg - General Dálnokfalva (skill 1/exp 0)**
I. Gyalogos hadtest - General Dálnokfalva
1. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + Field Artillery) - General Dálnokfalva
2. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + AT Artillery) - MjGen. László (2/0)
3. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + AA Artillery) - MjGen. de Dálnok (2/0)
II. Gyalogos hadtest - LtGen. Bajnóczy (2/31)
4. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - LtGen. Bajnóczy
5. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - MjGen. Ternegg-Ratz (2/0)
6. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - MjGen. Náday (2/0)
IV. Huszár hadtest - General Sonyi (1/0)
10. Huszár hadosztály (SM Cavalry + Engineer) - General Sonyi
11. Huszár hadosztály (SM Cavalry + Engineer) - MjGen. Vörös (1/0)
12. Huszár hadosztály (SM Cavalry + Engineer) - MjGen. Sztojay (2/0)
VII. Páncélos hadtest - LtGen. Szombathelyi (2/37)
19. Motorizált hadosztály ('40 Mot Infantry) - LtGen. Szombathelyi
20. Motorizált hadosztály ('40 Mot Infantry) - MjGen. Heszlényi (2/0)
28. Páncélos hadosztály (Bas Med Tank) - MjGen. Veress (2/0)
2. Magyar Királyi Hadsereg - General Gorondy-Vovak (skill 1/exp 0)
III. Gyalogos hadtest - LtGen. Jány (2/2)
7. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - LtGen. Jány
8. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - MjGen. R.-Rüdiger (2/0)
9. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - MjGen. Maguarossy (2/0)
V. Hegyi hadtest - LtGen. Horváth (1/0)
13. Hegyi hadosztály ('36 Mountain + Engineer) - LtGen. Horváth
14. Hegyi hadosztály ('36 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Henneyey (2/0)
15. Hegyi hadosztály ('36 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Lakatos (2/0)
VI. Hegyi hadtest - General Gorondy-Vovak
16. Hegyi hadosztály ('36 Mountain + Engineer) - General Gorondy-Vovak
17. Hegyi hadosztály ('36 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Tapody (0/0)
18. Hegyi hadosztály ('36 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Beregffy (2/0)
The Air Force: Magyar Királyi Légierő
I. Bombazó század - Air MjGen. Rapaich (1/0)
1. Vadászbombázó osztály (Bas Tac Bomber)
2. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor)
II. Vadász század - Air MjGen. Justy (3/37)
3. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor)
4. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor)
5. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor) - Air MjGen Újszászy (1/0)
By the middle of March the re-organization was complete and Hungary was ready for the invasion. The II. Infantry Corps was in Győr, the I. Infantry and IV. Cavalry Corps in Pécs, the V. and VI. Mountain, and VII. Mobile Corps was in Szeged, and finally the III. Infantry Corps took position in Debrecen. Now, it was just sitting and waiting for the weather to improve...
Ready for the Invasion - 15th March, 1940
*
Photo borrowed from www.bibl.u-szeged.hu.
**
In HOI2 terms General Dálnokfalva would've been overstacked, but I was moving the divisions so that this would never happen.