War with the Soviet: The Occupation of Moscow (1st – 30th May, 1941)
The Southern Front - The Victory in Enotaevka
On 6th May the III. Infantry and VI. Mountain Corps
arrived in Kalach from Surovikino before the Soviets could occupy it. The 6 Hungarian divisions managed to defend the province, the Soviets gave up their attacks.
On 11th May Germany launched an attack against Frolovo just north of Kalach. With Hungarian support the Germans
occupied Frolovo a few days later.
The Axis attack against Frolovo – 11th May 1941
On 12th May, after General Jány’s VI. Mountain Corps arrived in Stalingrad, an attack was launched against Cherny Yar (south of Stalingrad). Three days later the 33th Panzer Division
occupied Cherny Yar.
The Soviet troops were evacuating the east side of the Volga in panic. Having occupied Stalingrad and Cherny Yar, the Hungarian Command saw an opportunity to encircle the troops in Enotaevka before they could retreat to the west side of the river. This meant that the panzers should’ve advanced through Krasnaya Sloboda and Elton. The mounteneers from Astrakhan should've supported and attack against Elton, but not move: keeping Astrakhan was more important than the encirclement.
The plan for the encirclement of Enotaevka
The operation started on 14th May. Three days later the 33rd and 35th Panzer Division and the VI. Mountain Corps
occupied Krasnaya Sloboda. Now, it was race against the clock – the Hungarians had to take Elton. The first attempt to occupy Elton started on 18th May. But the 7 defending divisions turned out to be too much for the Hungarians, even though the V. Mountain Division was supporting from Astrakhan. The attack was broken-up, the encirclement failed.
On 19th May German and Hungarian forces seized victory in Kamyshin just north of Stalingrad.
Kamyshin was occupied by the III. Infantry Corps two days later.
A huge battle enveloped in Krasnaya Sloboda, when the Soviets launched an attack from Enotaevka and Elton. It was 12 Soviet divisions against the defending VI. Mountain Corps, 33th and 35th Panzer Division. The V. Mountain, I. Infantry and VII. Mobile Corps flanked the attackers. The battle went on for half a day, when the Soviets gave up.
The battle of Krasnaya Sloboda – 16th May, 1941
The Red Army was now weakened in Elton, which gave chance for the divisions in Krasnaya Sloboda to counter-attack. On 22nd May the Hungarian were victorious, and two days later, with
the occupation of Elton, 9 Soviet division were trapped in Enotaevka. The Soviets tried to break out, but the defenders in Elton held out. On 25th May 7 infantry and 2 militia Soviet divisions were destroyed in Enotaevka. Additional 2 Soviet retreating divisions surrendered in the same province just a few days later. Enotaevka was occupied by the VII. Mobile Corps on the last day of the month. It was a great victory for the exhausted Hungarian troops.
The encirclement of Enotaevka – 21st May, 1941
The Central and Northern Front - Moscow in German Hands
It was 12th May, 1941 when German troops
marched into Moscow. The Soviet capital fell. The administration was moved to Archangelsk. Additionally, Germany
occupied Vytegra, Volodga, Kostroma, Kotelnich, Yoskar Ola, Kirov, Kazan, Cherbokassy, Saransk, Kuznetsk and Ulyanovsk. In the Soviet enclave near Moscow only
Noginsk and Vladimir were in Soviet hands.
The Finns gave up all their offensives, they were focusing purely on defense. Since the Soviets were very weak in the area, the Finnish front remained silent.
The occupation of Moscow – 11th May 1941
General Staff’s Report in the End of May 1941
The 6th Zubo “Stuka” air squadron and the 36th Mountain Division were deployed this month. Both of them were transferred to the Soviet Front.
The “Stuka” close air support aircraft*
The flow of battles needed a slight re-organization of the Hungarian Royal Army. MajGen Farkas took over the lead of the 5th Infantry Division, MajGen Náday the 8th Infantry, MajGen R-Rüdiger the 29th Motorized and MajGen Henneyey the 35th Panzer Division. Von Stromm was promoted LtGen to be able to lauch joint panzer attacks. Additionally, the VI. Mountain Corps was strengthened with two extra divisions. General Jány himself was leading these extra units. The new order of battle was the following:
1. Magyar Királyi Hadsereg - Szovjetunió - General Jány (skill 2/exp 10)
I. Gyalogos hadtest – LtGen Feketehalmy-Cz. (2/39)
1. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + Field Artillery) - LtGen Feketehalmy-Cz.
2. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + AT Artillery) - MjGen. László (2/96)
3. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + AA Artillery) - MjGen. de Dálnok (2/90)
II. Gyalogos hadtest - LtGen. Bajnóczy (3/8)
4. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + Engineer) - LtGen. Bajnóczy
5. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + Engineer) - MjGen. Farkas (2/75)
6. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry + Engineer) - MjGen. Kolthay (2/43)
III. Gyalogos hadtest - LtGen. Nagy (2/35)
7. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - LtGen. Nagy
8. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - MjGen. Náday (2/69)
9. Gyalogos hadosztály ('39 Infantry) - MjGen. Sztojay (2/56)
V. Hegyi hadtest - LtGen. Maguarosy (2/96)
13. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - LtGen. Maguarosy
15. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Lakatos (3/31)
34. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Algya-Pap (2/20)
VI. Hegyi hadtest - General Jány
14. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - General Jány
16. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - General Jány
36. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - General Jány
17. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Tapody (2/87)
18. Hegyi hadosztály ('39 Mountain + Engineer) - MjGen. Beregffy (3/34)
VII. Motorizált hadtest - LtGen. Szombathelyi (3/2)
19. Motorizált hadosztály ('40 Mot Infantry + Engineer) - LtGen. Szombathelyi
20. Motorizált hadosztály ('40 Mot Infantry + Engineer) - MjGen. Heszlényi (2/92)
29. Motorizált hadosztály ('40 Mot Infantry + Engineer) - MjGen. R.-Rüdiger (3/1)
28. Páncélos hadosztály (Bas Med Tank + Engineer) - MjGen. Veress (3/64)
33. Páncélos hadosztály (Bas Med Tank + Engineer) - LtGen. Von Stromm (1/18)
35. Páncélos hadosztály (Bas Med Tank + Engineer) - MjGen. Henneyey (3/18)
2. Magyar Királyi Hadsereg - Balkán - General Sonyi (skill 1/exp 4)
IV. Huszár hadtest - General Sonyi
10. Huszár hadosztály (SM Cavalry) - General Sonyi
11. Huszár hadosztály (SM Cavalry) - LtGen. Werth (2/0)
12. Huszár hadosztály (SM Cavalry) - MjGen. de Kolozsvár (1/0)
The Air Force: Magyar Királyi Légierő
I. Bombazó század - Air MjGen. Rapaich (4/93)
1. Vadászbombázó osztály (Bas Tac Bomber)
2. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor)
II. Vadász század - Air MjGen. Justy (3/46)
3. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor)
4. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor)
III. Zubo század - Air MjGen Újszászy (2/72)
5. Vadászosztály (Bas Interceptor)
6. Zubo osztály (Impr CAS)
The weather was finally dry this month, which allowed the Axis to achieve a significant advance towards the east. The capital was occupied and German troops were way over the Volga, rushing deep inside Russia. The enclave south of Moscow did not seem threatening since the Soviets were out of supply.
The destruction of 11 Soviet divisions in the battle of Enotaevka and crossing the Volga in the south this month were huge achievements of the Hungarian Royal Army. In just two months the Hungarians turned over the situation on the Southern Front and seized the initiative for the time to come.
The Hungarians suffered an enormous loss rate: this month brought 23.830** causalities. This gave a total of loss of 116.250** Hungarians since the break out of the Soviet war. The Hungarian Command considered the war won, and decided not to attempt any risky operations any more - preserving lives was the highest priority.
The map of Europe and the Soviet Front – 30th May, 1941
*
photo borrowed from www.2worldwar2.com
**
counting 1 manpower = 1000 men