I am glad that my old topics were mentioned in this thread after 3 years, thanks, after all years I am still waiting for a fix, lol.
Like I said 3 years earlier, America was my favorite continent to play, but the current status is very bad and I can not have fun anymore playing it.
Primitive mechanics, native advancement, reforming religions, etc. are all old mechanics designed and balanced for a old game that dont exist anymore since the introduction of institution mechanics, institutions were a great improvement but native mechanics become obsolete after it.
Your suggestions are good and are more complex than mine suggestions, I tinhk that both could be considered good enough fixes, it depends if the devs want a more complex and complet fix/rework or a more simpler fix/rework.
I like your suggestions and I completly agree that there should exist a new institution before feudalism that everyone, except native americans, start the game with it embraced, "beasts of burden" is a good name for this new institution. The primitive status and their drawbacks would be caused by the absence of this new institution and not caused by a tribal government or a pagan religion, when you finally embrace this new institution the country is no longer considered primitive, but the most important adjust for primitives is:
Primitives can now embrace institutions:
The absence of this possibility is what is less fun about playing natives, every game after dominating your region, you are forced to do nothing for decades (sometimes you need wait more than 1 century), in speed 5, waiting for some european country settle in your borders, in the early days, every country outside Europe needed have a border with a western country to westernize, but now, every country in the world can play their cards right and/or develop provinces to spawn institutions and fix their tech lvl by himself, everyone, with the exception of natives that remain using the old and unfun gameplay of passively waiting for a european border.
I understand that remove totally the primitive tag could cause balance issues, for example, some andean countries would become very rich with their gold provinces in just a few yers in game, but maintaining the existence of primitive tag with their many drawbacks and just removing the restriction in institutions embracement would preserve the early game balance and would enable the player to make a less passive playstyle, and when you embrace the new institution (beasts of burden) you are no longer considered primitive.
Reform native council government or religion should not give for free all neighbours instituions and should not give for free 80% of neighbour tech lvl.
Reform your religion become a thing that you are incentived to do because it give good bonus and not a thing that you are obliged to do to enable institutions embrace, this helps the AI too, the AI is never capable of reform his religion, so, you never see a successfull mesoamerican or andean country in your world, it should be a rare thing but should not be impossible.
Native councils after buying all native advancements and after embracing the new institution ("beasts of burden") should unlock the normal mechanics of govern advancement (the same used by other tribal countries and the same used by siberian native councils), so, they not instantly become monarchies and republics in the first years of colonization and european contact.
I hope that some day the devs fix natives or at least make possible to mod these suggestions in the game, even mod a fix is impossible because primitive mechanics, primitive status and reform native council government/ reform native religion requisites and buffs are hardcoded.