The Battle of Danzig
By the end of August, Frederik had weathered Orkhan Pasha’s attacks and successfully taken Rostock. The League forces had taken a heavy beating, however. Of the 34,000 League troops that had besieged Rostock, almost 13,000 had died on the battlefield from the Turkish attacks. Hesse and Lüneburg decided to retire from the battlefield, withdrawing what remained of their 10,000 men. Frederik was left with approximately 15,000 Dutch troops, and the remaining task of defeating a second Ottoman army and liberating Danzig.
With the Dutch Navy in control of the Baltic, he transferred the fresh Knights of Danzig from Stockholm to reinforce his army. He also ordered Admiral Daendels to organize the Dutch merchant marine for a landing in Turkish Prussia. The Catholic Elector of Brandenburg refused to allow a Justifier army to march through his territory, meaning that any attack on Danzig would have to come by sea. By October Daendels was able to assemble a fleet of 15 Dutch fluyts to transfer Frederik’s army to the mouth of the Vistula. From there, they would march on the Turkish army at Danzig.
Frederik landed at Elbing on October 2, eager to defeat the Turkish army and invest Danzig before the first winter snows. With the 3,000 Polish hussars in the vanguard, his 13,000 man army set out for Danzig. Defending Danzig were 10,000 Ottoman cavalry and six Janissary regiments, as well as a battery of the Sultan’s heavy artillery.
The Knights in the Vanguard
The Ottoman commander decided to use his heavy cavalry to the fullest, and marched his army out to meet the advancing Dutch and Poles on the plains of the Vistula. Frederik formed his infantry into regimental squares with pikes facing outwards in all directions, preventing the Ottoman cavalry from coming close. Arquebusiers within the square would then fire upon the circling Turks, inflicting heavy casualties.
Battle on the Vistula Plains
Meanwhile, the Polish Knights dueled with the Turkish Sipahis in close combat with lance, saber and pistol. Again and again the Poles charged the Turkish cavalry, with cries of “Dla Boga i Gdańsku!” - For God and Danzig! The Sipahis were finally driven back, allowing Frederik’s pikemen to rush the Janissary lines.
In the face of such opposition, the Turks withdrew, abandoning Danzig. Frederik sent what remained of the Knights to cut off their retreat into Hinterpommern. Tired and exhausted, the Ottomans attempted to make a last stand at the town of Bütow, only to be defeated once and for all.
Ottoman Pomerania now lay in the hands of the victorious League, but the war was not over. In the north the Turks had raised an army of Muscovite mercenaries, and were battling the Swedish king in Estland. And despite having lost two entire armies, the Ottomans still outnumbered the League three to one. It would take further fighting to convince the Sultan to concede.
The Ottomans in Estland
Next – War in the Indies