Chapter 5
Ramnulf II’s Story: Conquest
It is August in the year of our lord 885: I am the Count of Nantes-another title to add to my many. I won this territory from the pagan Norse by conquest and have fulfilled a vow I made many years ago to my father that I would avenge him. Is that the end of my ambition you may well wonder dear chronicle? I think not! My avaricious appetite espies the rest of what was heretofore the Kingdom of Brittany and it wants more…
And we are once more the Kingdom of West Francia: my lord, King Louis, has prevailed over the Germans-just as I said he would.
My wife is pregnant with our third child. Our love remains undimmed.
My brother has become my most steadfast supporter and right arm-he is now the Count of Poitiers and Lord Marshal of the Duchy of Aquitaine. He has won me many victories over Breton, Gascon and pagan.
My younger sons Henri and Aldebert thrive-the elder, Henri has been sent to the household of my true friend Geoffrey of Thouars to be schooled in the ways of the world-mayhap he will also learn something of cunning whilst there. My ‘other son’ I have elevated to be my Chancellor and in that position he thrives-he will not succeed me, though-for certes.
My lands are now subject to elective succession law-it has turned many heads amongst my peers. I care not! I will protect with all my life the inheritances that I myself have been bequeathed.
And I have added the rich county of Bordeaux to my demesnes…but not its neighbour Agen that I also coveted-it was almost the cause of an irreparable split between my sovereign and myself.
But, as usual, I run away with myself. You will forgive me: it has been many years since I last picked up a quill and invested your pages with my memories-so much has happened. I will not bore you with detail, however, but instead focus on the three paramount events of the turbulent decade that has just passed, namely:
how I increased my demesnes.
The succession law changes and
the war with the Germans.
I started my own war against the Gascons in Bordeaux with a murder. It was a necessary one-at least that was what Geoffrey had advised me with some urgency.
‘You have a viper in your nest my lord’ he had said, his usually amiable face looking grim, ‘and it is none other than the boy Count of Angoulême. He-or his Council plot against you-would foster new rebellions in the Duchies...’
My mouth had tightened grimly-it would seem that my admonishments two years past had fallen on deaf ears. ‘And what would you have me do about this milksop Geoffrey?’
Thouars crossed the Solar in which we were sitting drinking some warmed mulled wine and put a proprietary hand on my shoulder, ‘the lad must be done away with Ramnulf…’
‘A murder? The boy has passed but fourteen summers.’
‘I would call it a judicious killing for the weal of the Duchy my lord-none will trace it back to you-my agents will see to that.’
I hesitated…was this what we had come to? It seemed so.
‘Make it happen my lord of Thouars-make it happen.’ My shoulders slumped but deep down I knew that it must be so: we were about to embark on a succession of wars with the newly appointed Lord Marshal of Aquitaine to return Bordeaux and Agen to our vassalage-I could not afford to be watching my back at the same time. These were not plans that I particularly wanted to share with my lady wife but I had a feeling that her head would win over her heart in the matter-as usual I was not wrong. The young Count was dead within the month under the most suspicious of circumstances-he was succeeded by his little brother, Roubaud, a stripling of only eight years and a lad much more compliant and less hostile to his liege lord. This was really a message for his implacable mother, the Dowager Countess Regelinda: if I could get to her eldest son then I would similarly not hesitate to strike down her one remaining boy, leaving her only a daughter and the County of Angoulême forfeit to me.
There had been some last ditched attempts to stop this war-my enemy, Duke Gartzia, had just been appointed by De Jouillat, the Marshal of Aquitaine and Master of the Horse. War between high lords of the realm would not do the Regent had spluttered to me. For my own part, I challenged him to produce any edict or law that forbade me to return what was rightfully mine to my dominion-he could not and the King remained steadfastly neutral. So in February of the year 878 news reached us that our army had marched under Mayor Liop and Gauzbert, boosted by the levies of our ally, Count Bernard III of Toulouse, my sister Adelaide’s puissant brother by law. It numbered over thirteen hundred spears. At the same time another of our allies: Count Foucher of Foix, my sister’s husband and Toulouse’s younger brother, led a smaller force of several hundred and drove into Armagnac. Of our third ally, my uncle of Limousin there was an undertaking to join us but no actual fighting men as yet.
Aye-I have some powerful friends
The next month our forces were joined in Armagnac and, numbering over two thousand, they engaged seven hundred of the enemy at a place called Lectoure, utterly shattering them. I remember awaiting every missive with dread anticipation such that my mood changed-I could not sleep and found myself lashing out at servants and even my lady wife. Even the tidings of victory could not seem to lift my mood nor the untimely death of Bishop Aubry-ever the warrior- of an infected wound whilst besieging one of Bordeaux’s citadels.
I appointed Bishop Jaspert of Saint Savin to his place on the Council-he was much more my man and would not oppose me as Aubry had. Our Pope, Nicholas, also died that summer-Honorius II succeeded to the Papal see. For my part I cared not a whit-all that mattered was how my armies fared against the Duke of Gascogne.
As the Christ Mass approached of that year I took it upon myself to spend that holiday period with Count Geoffrey in Thouars itself. I travelled, for once, with my whole family-it had been a difficult year, what with my mood and I was intent on making amends with Ximena-the two young boys would provide us a lightness and gaiety that had been missing in my life for some months. At our arrival at their well provisioned manor in the County Capitol Ximena was made welcome immediately by Geoffrey’s wife, Countess Eustachie, a plump, bright and bustling young woman who had already at twenty five, sired five children with her lord: four boys and a girl. The boys, two of whom were twins, soon took our two children into their charges, my wife busied herself with Eustachie, leaving me to catch up with my friend. For his part he was surprised that I had been so low of mood lately, ‘you are one of the foremost lords in the realm, second only after your ally Bernard of Toulouse and you have twice his revenues-why so glum my friend?’ He had said clapping me on the shoulder and ushering me towards the great hall where we were greeted by servants carrying large goblets of wine.
‘I know not Geoffrey-all should be well yet all I do is worry’ I said my voice betraying my frustration, ‘I am hoping that a yuletide spent with you and your family will lighten my mood. I have…I have also been praying to God earnestly to aid me in my ventures...’
I remember the look of astonishment on his face, ‘Jesu it must be bad if you do pray to the almighty for his assistance Ramnulf!’ He had then, as was his wont, laughed uproariously and led me to his private study. When we were alone he turned to me a huge smile upon his features, ‘mayhap this news will brighten your day your grace.’
I was intrigued, ‘do tell my lord of Thouars-do tell.’
‘Well it seems that your Chancellor has been right busy up north and has through study of their ancient laws and by use of some trickery managed to produce a claim for your right to overlordship of the county of Nantes!’
I was dumbfounded. ‘How?’
‘Never mind the how my old friend-it is the “whether” that you should be more concerned with-it will cost you: there are an army of lawyers that must be paid off if this is to stand.’
My answer was instantaneous: ‘I care not the cost Geoffrey-this is the county that still harbours my father’s killer as its Chief. I would pension my very soul to get at them.’
This is only the start Breton scum!
‘Well it will not cost as much as that-more like one hundred and fifty gold crown-our coffers can afford it Alphonso tells me.’
Now it was my turn to beam and arm in arm we returned to the main Hall laughing and giggling like schoolboys of half our age: it seemed my dreams of expansion were coming to fruition.
Early in the New Year of the year of our Lord 879, Bordeaux fell to my forces and my Liege at last became a man, though to me he was, of course, at sixteen, still a boy. He remained somewhat shy, a kind lad with an eye for food and drink but conviction in his God and a knack for the peddling of secrets. This latter was something that he had learned both from me and his erstwhile master, De Jouillat, whose fall from grace was as swift as it was spectacular, though not unexpected, for what further use had the King for the man who had kept him on such a tight leash throughout all these years?
But as surely as a storm follows the brightest of summer’s days did a quarrel arise between Louis and myself over the limits of his authority. I had been summonsed to an audience with the King in the Spring of 879-I thought that we would, as usual, pass the time alone, making our plans together-the young ruler and his most true ally and friend. I was surprised therefore when I was called to the audience chamber with many a courtier and most of the council present.
Louis looked grim-an ill omen of what was to come. ‘My Lord of Aquitaine you will be aware that our Council, of which you are an integral part, did pass a law only this month that gave me greater authority to wield in the execution of the King’s law and the King’s justice no?’
I remembered the law-had abstained-was not interested in the King’s prerogatives-only my own. ‘I do my Lord King.’ I had responded smoothly, completely unaware of the thunderbolt that was about to strike.
‘Then you will also recall that in the provisions of that law was an undertaking from all my lords to not war upon each other…’
All I remember hearing, at that point, was the drumming of the rain upon the roof of the palace. To me it felt as if old time itself had stood still.
‘You are at war with another of my Councillors, the Duke of Gascogne, are you not sir?’
I remember I could feel my face reddening, ‘I only seek to return what is mine to my demesnes Sire-I seem to recall in times past that I had your full backing for such an undertaking-had-‘
The young man before me cut me off with a peremptory wave of his hand, ‘that was before I came of age my lord and before this law was passed!’
I stared as if surveying a new man before me-where was the simpering boy that I had patiently tutored? Mayhap I had done my work too well for of him there was none here. And then his features softened, looked upon me more kindly: ‘Ramnulf of Aquitaine I would not rob you of what is yours but the war must be ended-you understand? New laws and new ways must perforce be abided by-how else can I stamp my authority on the realm?’
I remember stiffly kneeling in the age-old gesture of obeisance ‘as you wish my king.’ I had then risen and stalked from the hall, the whispers and pointed looks of the court accompanying me like the furies from days of antiquity.
And so the war had ended with Bordeaux accepting me as their new lord but Agen being retained by Gartzia-I was not happy and it was many months before I would treat with the King as a friend again. It was finally my long-suffering wife who admonished me to stop acting the child and speak to the lad. It was a difficult meeting that summer of 879 but I had accepted with as good a grace as I could why the boy had found the need to effect this show of strength with the second lord of his realm.
‘It served as a lesson to all Ramnulf-my barons would heed that if I could set strictures to you, my friend, that I would not hesitate to do so to others not as mindful of my weal-can you not see that?’
I had grudgingly nodded grumbling that at least he could have given me some warning.
‘But then all would have seen it for the mummer’s farce it would have been, my lord’ the lad said smiling.
I smiled back-it would seem that for the sake of our friendship we would forgive each other and moreover the lad was right though I was too proud to admit it to him then. The rest of our time that heady afternoon in August was taken up with me telling him how it was my intention to take Brittany county by county and build a power base for his realm (and me of course) in that benighted land that had always held itself aloof from the affairs of the Franks, its folk a wild and unruly peoples.
He had been enraptured by my plans…
I had also warned him of my intent to change the Ducal succession laws in Poitou and Aquitaine to an elective one. My sovereign had listened intently, had not gainsaid me and had finally given me leave to make these changes: if I was content then so would be, he had opined simply-and that was that.
We changed the laws in November of 880-a momentous occasion though not so for my namesake son, Ramnulf who was immediately disinherited in favour of my brother Gauzbert. The laws said that I could carry a vote for each of my titles and since I held no fewer than four I easily outvoted those of my vassals-also four. As it was there was no need for concern-they were all fully behind my choice as Geoffrey had assured me they would be.
‘Remember my friend-keep your vassals on your side with kindness, generosity and whatever inducements you may and you will be assured that they will vote with you.’
They were heady days.
They were to become headier still for in January 881 the old King Ludwig, the German, bequeathed West Francia to his infant son, Herbert. Mayhap the old man knew that he was about to meet his maker for he died not three weeks later. We immediately, of course, met in Council with some of us urging an immediate strike, others caution. The more cautious elements looked to prevail upon the king and so we waited. Meantime the lords of West Francia, now ruled by a baby, rose in revolt that summer-it seemed, after all, that the wiser course had been to wait. All was set to preparedness and on the seventeenth of January 882, at last, King Louis of Aquitaine declared war to win back his kingdom.
Give me back my lands you German scweinhund!
That snow bound day all the principle magnates of the realm had gathered at Bellac; Bernard of Toulouse was there, swaggering as only the most powerful baron in the kingdom could. I flanked him-we had been friends ever since he had come into my family through my sister. Boudewijn of Flanders still languished in close captivity in the city-the instigator of one too many plots to unsettle the realm. Then there was my old uncle-now utterly dependable and talking in low tones to the Duke of Auvergne and the Prince Bishop Vivarais my old nemesis Gartzia who, as Marshal, was responsible for ordinances and commissions of array.
We all bowed low as the young King entered.
The Young King in Audience
‘Sit my Lords-sit. Gartzia-all is prepared?’
The Duke of Gascogne nodded smoothly. ‘Indeed all is prepared my lord king-we have summonsed, for the moment, only the levies from our crown lands-our estimation that we will not need to use those of our vassals since so many of the enemy are already tied down fighting West Frankish rebels.’
The king inclined his head in assent. ‘It is well done-I will take command of my army on the morrow...’
At this there was pandemonium-none had expected that the King, an untried lad of only nineteen summers, should personally lead his men into battle. Mine was the loudest shouting in opposition until the King waved a hand for silence, ‘think you, my lords, that the sovereign would sit behind his walls whilst others fight his battles for him? No! I will take command of my troops tomorrow. Of course on matters of strategy I will defer to older, wiser heads but a King’s place is at the head of his armies not cowering behind them.’
It was a stunning piece of bravado but we acquiesced as all were fast realising that the new man, that our liege had become, was made of very stern stuff indeed.
For my part, I set to preparing my own levies for the invasion of Brittany and by the early summer we were, once more, ready. Our forces set off, this time under my brother’s command, the newly appointed Count of Poitiers-a title I had been proud to bequeath him and he had been moved to accept. With Bishop Aubry gone, there was no battle commander more able within my lands and so he had assumed command of our army and marched north with just under fifteen hundred lances-there to engage and do battle with the heathens that called themselves the Northmen.
I lost my trusty Chancellor, Valeran of Bergerac that summer too-a grievous blow after he had done so much to advance my prospects.
He has done much to advance the prospects of my Duchies-God rest him!
It did, however, present me with an opportunity to reconcile my disaffected eldest son to my good graces. Of all the men in my demesnes he was as able a diplomat as any so I summonsed him to Saintes and invested him with the title of Chancellor of the Duchy of Aquitaine. It was a signal honour and one that he seemed utterly grateful for. Mayhap I have neglected him all these years, I had thought as he held me in an awkward embrace at the news. I had seen, in the corner of my eye, Geoffrey of Thouars looking on approvingly and that was when I had reckoned on making the right choice.
At the end of the year stunning tidings reached us at Bellac: the young king had won! We were once again the united realm of West Francia-the infant son of Ludwig was now merely the Duke of Valois and Count of Amiens and whilst the war continued against Ludwig’s successor in East Francia, Karlmann, for some pockets of land that held firm for him, the main brunt of the fighting was over.
All hail the King of the West Franks!
I remember bursting with pride at our protégé’s achievements and boasting to my wife, ‘think-if he can achieve all of this at only twenty-just imagine what we can encompass in the years to come!’
‘Bring those boots back to
terra firma my lord’ she had replied laughing, ‘East Francia remains strong and its King, the old fox, Karlmann, as wily as ever. They call him “the wise” see you-he will not be so easy to defeat methinks.’
I had demurred but still-what a prodigy we had on our hands!
The war in Nantes continued for three more years-a time during which my son, the Chancellor lost his wife in childbirth and Louis defeated more recalcitrant lords-a time in which the troubling Norse raids increased with attacks in Mersan and Bruges. It was a time during which my wife fell pregnant again-God be praised and in which finally a letter arrived from my brother-it was the seventh of August 885:
To my esteemed and well beloved brother, Count of Nantes and Duke of Aquitaine
At last final victory! I have flushed the last of the Northmen from their hiding places and put the whole of the County under your dominion. It has not been easy for not only are the Norse a vicious and unruly lot but the Bretons that they rule are almost equally so-it has been three years of hard fighting.
I have pensioned off Condottiere Guifré-the Catalans are hardy fighters and their additions were much looked for and most well appreciated. He has said that he is at your service whenever you shall need him again.
I will, by your leave, remain in Nantes awhile as there is sedition and ferment in the air. I can use my office as Lord Marshal to suppress any incipient revolts that may arise.
It has been good to effect a part of the debt I owe you, both as my brother and as my sworn lord.
I am, as always, at your command
Gauzbert
I clutched the letter to my chest, tears of triumph falling freely. I was Count of Nantes. It was a start-but it would not be the end-of that I was very certain…