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Chapter VII: Britonnic Papacy (914-931)
From the 'Chronica Meneva' by Archbishop - formerly 'Pope' - Romanus (known in the Welsh tradition as Cynwared).

'916 - In Agila's twelfth year the dispute with the Bishops of England and the Pope in Rome came to a head, after unsuccessfully petitioning Rome for the recognition of Cynwared, Bishop of St Davids, as an Archbishop with jurisdiction over the western Britons, the true Britons. The Archbishop of Canterbury blocked this move, fearing for their own power and insisting that they are owed gratitude for the work of Augustine of Canterbury for his 'correction' of heterodox Insular practices.

Knowing in truth the righteousness of the faith of the Britons, and, admittedly, seeking to extend his influence over the religious sphere, Agila finally decided to appoint Cynwared as Pope, claiming the throne of St Peter to be vacant as the Pope in Rome was acting not in the name of god, but in the name of the Kings of Essex.

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917 - King Agila faced much opposition, even from his own kin, over his support of a Britonnic Papacy to rival the Pope in Rome, and claiming supremacy. Agila's cousins, the Dukes of Toulouse, tried and failed to dethrone Romanus, whom they called Antipope.

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919 - In the 27th year of his reign, the nobles of Britannia Visigothica departed by the sea to join with their lord in Hispania, where the Umayyads were invading Navarra. Many, even wise men, suggested that this was punishment for his support of an antipope. Agila, having augmented his wisdom with knowledge, knew that for centuries the Betotez have been the Shield of Christendom, and that an Umayyad invasion was no innovation.

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920 - A year into the war King Agila's funds were under strain and he was forced to take action against those who threatened the unity and purity of the state by their refusal to recognise the Christ. The Jewry of his realm, both in Britannia and Navarra, were forced to grant loans to the crown. These loans were not repaid by an Agila who spat on them for their sin of usury, and continued to seize their property and finally expel them from the realm.

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Of course, such drastic action for unity and funding may have been unnecessary if Agila were not faced to fight an enemy from within, a traitorous Count of Somerset. The traitor was defeated, however, and even the Umayyads eventually agreed to call off their invasion, although no further concessions were made.

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922 - Just a year after the defeat of the Sultan, the lords of Powys launched their own war, resolved to depose the Britonnic Pope Romanus. With many good fghting men lying dead in the Navarrese hills, and Agila already having depleted his own coffers and all his means of replenishing them, the war did not go well.

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Forced to concede defeat, Agila had to declare that Romanus was not the true Pope, and that he was inferior to the Pope in Rome. Despite this declaration, Romanus was strangely not dethroned. Still recognised within Navarra as the true Pope, Romanus still publically called himself the 'Patriarch of Britannia'. King Agila now used he influence of his Patriarch to political effect, allowing for the trial of known troublemakers before an ecclesiastical court, followed by their imprisonment. The rebellious counts of both Somerset and Dublin were the chief prisoners taken in this way, allowing for a period of internal stability.

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925 - A third of a century into his long and illustrious reign, King Agila was forced again to defend against the vile heathens of Hispania. This time Agila faced the Jarwanid emirs, weaker and less numerous than their overlord, the Sultan, they were more easily vanquished and helped restore the reputation of Agila after an embarrassing defeat to the petty kings of Powys.

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At this time, too, it became known that a relation of the Lombard kings of Italy, chafing under Umayyad rule, had successfully rebelled against the Muslims and established a small Christian state around Barcelona. The grateful inhabitants of the Lombard colony then had him crowned as King Alboin of Aragon.

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926 - When Prince Liuvericho, Agila's only living male heir, came of age it marked the quiet death of the Britonnic Papacy. Agila had him installed as Count of Dyfed in a ceremony which included the heir being annointed by Archbishop Romanus, the local high clergyman. This quiet change marked a reunion with Rome, and the Britonnic Papacy was quietly forgotten by the lords of Navarra and Rome alike.


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928 - Two years later the Duke of Toulouse, a grandson of Berengario the Scholar and a Betotez of the true line [a distinction is made between the 'true line' of Betotez, descended in the male line from kings, and the numerous female lines], disgraced his blood bond by once again attacking King Agila. Summoning an army far too great to be matched by the Visigoths, and surrounding the castles of the Bedouin county, Agila had no choice but to recognise his cousin as the new ruler of Armagnac. A sad day, as the Betotez Kings had ruled Armagnac for a century or so passed.

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As well as his cousin in Toulouse, Agila's kinsman was to become Pope Sabinian III. Unfortunately, this bond of blood would do no service to Agila as they had previously been at war and Sabinian was not forgiving. A Betotez has never had such a bad standing with a reigning Pope than Agila had with Sabinian.

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928 - Now properly resigned to the rights of the Pope in matters of faith, Agila resolved to use temporal power to unite the Britons. He began with the conquest of the county of Powys.

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931 -Three years later, following a great battle at Shrewsbury, Agila succeeded in capturing the county of Gwynedd too. His new ambition was to have enough Britons submit to his rule so as to warrant his coronation as the King of the Britons and the heir to Arthur. Agila shrewdly observed that once power is established in fact, it is easy to garnish with tales and prophecies so as to make it legitimate, inevitable and natural; whereas without power in fact, even the purest claim can easily lose the shine of legitimacy. Thus resolved that might can be used to craft right, Agila conquered the two Welsh counties and stockpiled taxes in preparation for a grand coronation ceremony and the sponsorship of monasteries, abbeys and poets to mould an image of Agila in the shape of Arthur.
 
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As you can see, I'm very close to forming the Kingdom of Wales (which I'll probably rename to 'the Britons').

The phasing out of the Papacy into a Patriarch is just an RP work-around for what I assume is a bug. I lost an antipapal war, but kept my antipope.
 
As you can see, I'm very close to forming the Kingdom of Wales (which I'll probably rename to 'the Britons').

The phasing out of the Papacy into a Patriarch is just an RP work-around for what I assume is a bug. I lost an antipapal war, but kept my antipope.
Exciting times for our Visigoths! Nice update
 
Well, since the Prince-Bishop of Aquitaine, leader of the Frankish revolt, became Pope, weird stuff has happened... The Betotez Pope is now a vassal of the Empire of Francia, that is now ruled by a Betotez cardinal (and heir to the papacy). I'm amazed at how well AI Betotez have done in their church careers, but not very happy to have a Theocratic empire. I may cheat it back to feudal or destroy the empire to let the powerful underkings fight eachother more openly... or just embrace the counterfactual and have a Catholic Theocracy rule most of Christian europe.
 
Problem is that then the Empire will never break. i'd be for a BIG succession war with various claimants fighting for the ruins of the Carolingian Empire. A good Old Gods start :p

Unite the Britons, and protect them from the Angles !
 
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Too bad trying to impose an anti-pope didn't work out. At least the heathens were kept at bay.

Expanding in the British Isles sounds like a good idea since it seems that your Navarrese territory is threatened all the time.
 
The antipapal mechanics never work out completely right... The Navarrese may have lost Armagnac, but at least they've held the Muslims at bay while advancing in Britain.

Is there any legitimation to make the empire a theocracy? Only because some rebel became pope should not let the emperor think that he better calls himself a cardinal. If you find a good explanation, you should probably keep it, if not, make it feudal again.
 
I liked the tone in that update, the emphasis (especially in the beginning) on church matters.

It's a shame that your Antipope gambit didn't work out, but at least you're working on expanding your British holdings: your holdings in Hispania continue to be very vulnerable to the muslims to the south.

Odd situation with the theocracy of Francia. Definitely change it, if that benefits the enjoyment you get from the game.
 
Interlude: Carolingian Succession
A Carolingian Succession crisis was triggered in 935-6 when the imperial throne of Charlemagne passed to a sitting Cardinal, Liuva. Liuva was of the Betotez-Karling dynasty, descended by the female line of Betotez and claiming the throne of Francia by direct male descent from Charlemagne. By this time the underkingdoms had all passed to powerful regional nobles so that no man bearing the name Karling enjoyed a station higher than that of a Duke. The Betotez-Karlings possessed both the imperial throne and the Kingdom of Burgundy, but Liuvericho of Burgundy followed the heretical practices of the Lollards.

When the throne passed to the only living heir, Cardinal Liuva, the nobles were outraged by his insistence on exercising ultimate temporal power while being a man of the church. Liuva held the throne for as long as he could, insisting that he would merely be the caretaker until a suitable heir could be found, knowing that the heretic Liuvericho would be one of the first to push his claim. Liuva was overconfident in his ability to become a Cardinal-King, hoping that the backing of the Pope would allow theocratic control over the entire realm of the Franks. As the underkings all began to declare the imperial seat vacant, or put themselves forward as emperor, the claims of Cardinal Liuva became more and more distanced from reality.

By 936 the Carolingian Empire of Francia had shattered into a series of successor states, all competing over its legacy, and many wars broke out over control of territory. One of the few unifying processes would be wars against the Lollards in Burgundy. Liuvericho, being the most powerful remaining secular Betotez-Karling considered himself the heir to the imperial title, but the other kings considered him an illegitimate king corrupted by the devil, and they united to tear apart his lands.

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The Carolingian Empire (left) and its immediate successor states (right).

Germany:
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France:
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Middle Francia:
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Burgundy:
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Toulouse:
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Toulouse and Burgundy are both ruled by members of the House Betotez. Germany is ruled by Germans, France by the French, and Middle Francia preserves the Germanic tradition, being ruled by someone of Frankish culture. Agen belongs to the papacy as it was the capital of Sabinian III before he became Pope.
 
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What a mess. Perhaps there is an opportunity to expand here, that is if the Muslims in Spain don't jump on that opportunity first.
 
I'm definitely glad I went with the deleting the empire via console and letting the strongest be the successor. Lots of interesting continental wars now, plus alliance networks are much more open, and there are lots of new opportunities to expand through marriage (which hints at something I'm currently trying to do - haven't played long enough to see if it'll pay out though).

And don't worry, the Umayyads haven't gone for the divided Franks yet. They'd miss the Visigoths too much (they haven't forgotten me...)
 
Wow what an imbroglio!
 
Wow... Now that's one chaotic France!

Also, as far as the antipope bug -- if you open up your savefile and remove the antipope character's claim on Rome, he will immediately cease to be an antipope.
 
Well, this solution is much more realistic then a peaceful succession to the Cardinal-Emperor, that much is sure...
 
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Thanks, Templar. I doubt I'll be making another antipope again anytime soon, after that experience. Not until I get an emperor-level title and can make myself a puppet-pope.

Yep, Alscon, as a result it feels a lot like playing in 867 now. :p
 
Chapter VIII: Old Half-Hand (932-949)
'Chronica Meneva' by Archbishop Romanus/Cynwared:

933 - In the Cathedral at St Davids Agila Half-Hand, as he is now known due to his many disfigurements gained on the field of battle, and his continuance insistence on fighting alongside his nobles in the wars, was crowned 'King of the Britons' at a grand ceremony attended by all his Counts, Dukes and relatives. The coronation was objected to by the corrupt Pope Sabinian III, who accused his kinsman of claiming a title that did not exist. We in Britannia know better.

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934 - In the forty-second year of his reign Agila continued to impress all with his longevity. Many began to tempt fate by supposing that the king would never die, but his bishops continued to pray for his long life and good health - a prayer much needed for a man now entering into old age, and with a good many limbs missing or dysfunctional. During this year many settlers were attracted from the Christian lands of Spain, and they settled in Glamorgan. The settlers focused on the city of Sweyn's Ey [Swansea] which they called Insula Swena, hence why the region of Glamorgan is known today as 'Swena'.

935 - The whole nation wept in the forty-third year, when the much-loved young Prince Liuvericho fell in and died. Agila was left with no living male progeny, and his daughters all married to foreign kings. Factions formed to suggest that an able cousin, or a native Welsh prince, might be elected to one throne or both. With exclusive right to choose his successor in Navarra, Agila elected Queen Monnia of Middle Francia, his eldest and ablest daughter, as his heir.

The nobles of Britannia were gathered into a first session of the Magnum Concilium, the great council of state, to discuss the matter of an heir. All ended the session by being forced to swear an oath of loyalty to the elected heir, Monnia, on the death of Agila.

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937 - Agila had ruled in Ternyllwg now for so long that a majority of the population, under his guidance, no longer followed the laws and customs of the Britons, but adopted Latin ways. The region is now known by its Latin name, Ordovica, after the tribe that inhabited those lands in ancient times.

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938 - In his forty-sixth year Agila initiated a war for Winchester, so that the capital of Wessex may rightly belong to its Visigoth Duke, and not a Saxon. In addition, consumed by his desire for a male heir, Agila began to sin in the eyes of God, making no attempt to conceal his lechery from his people, and took up with no fewer than three harlots.

939 - The following year, a child was born in sin and named Pelagio. To his disgrace and the anger of the Church, Agila declared him to be legitimate and appointed him as the new Crown Prince, in a gathering of his nobles in the Magnum Concilium. There was much outrage at the move, but many nobles preferred an impure boy-child to a foreign Queen.

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940 - Taking advantage of the chaos in the realm of the Franks, Agila took measures to expand the lands of his vassal, the Duchess of Brittany, by taking Vannes. The entire papacy and many kings of the Franks joined the count of Vannes, however, and the campaign would be bitterly fought.

942 - Gathering as many mercenaries as he could, Agila mustered an army of over five thousand strong to head to Vannes, where the remains of his original levies were holding out in the captured cities of the Bretons before a mass of Papal armies. A great battle was fought near the city of Vannes, and Agila was victorious. While celebrating the spoils of victory and turning to beastful lust, not befitting of a king, Agila was stricken with the lover's pox by the Lord.

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Aging, crippled and pox-ridden, the king moved on and pursued the papal armies, winning victory after victory. In one fortunate battle, God showed his favour for Agila, despite all his sins, when an army led by our king succeeded in slaying the wicked Pope Sabinian III! The campaign ended victoriously shortly thereafter.

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943 - Truly repentant, having made penance and ridding the world of a false Pope, Agila forgave the Jews their sin of usury and welcomed them back into his lands. For the first time, they began to settle the lands of Britannia and set up quarters in Swena. Some say that Agila was softened by his well-matched marriage to the fair Duchess Geneviva of Toulouse. Agila went into the marriage desperate for a legitimate heir, and to have his sons rule over the first capital of the Visigoths, back in ancient antiquity - Tolosa - but it is widely considered that the match has led truly to love and happiness, despite the age gap of twoscore years.

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In the same year, the Dukes of Wessex, now once again the descendants of Cerdic, an Anglo-Saxon royal house, had succeeded in extending their rule to Ireland. This made the Cerdicing Dukes of Wessex the most powerful men in the Kingdoms of Navarra and the Britons, second only to the king himself.

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In this year news reached the court of the King of the Britons that the relatives of the exiled kings of Powys, the Gwerthrynion, had ascended to the throne of Pictland - now known as 'Alban'.

945 - In his fifty-third year as King of Navarra, Agila conquered Ergyng, and began to wage war against the Lollard Kings. Since most of his holdings now lay in Britannia, and most of his successful campaigns required his continued presence there, the royal treasury and formal capital were ceremoniously moved across the sea to Dumnonia (formerly Devon).

946 - The following year, the demonic Umayyads waged war once again on the king's lands in Hispania.

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Agila focused his strength on the continued war against the Lollards, trusting in fellow Christian volunteers, limited Spanish levies and allied Frankish kings to fight the war in Hispania. With his wife, Geneviva, pregnant he also desired to stay in Britannia until the birth, which would prove to be fortuitous. The boy born on the soil of Britannia would be named Arturo, an Arthur in name and we hope, one day, in stature. It is said that Arturo opened his eyes immediately after the birth, and seemed to look around at his surroundings, with a knowing twinkle in his eyes. I am told by a trained medicus that this is unlikely, but he is no man of miracles, possessing a simple counting mind and not the broad thinking mind of a man of God.

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948 - The war in Spain went terribly due to the sheer numbers of Musselmen now amassed against the Christians. Army after army of Visigoths and Franks were slain, and huge armies of marauding Muslims roamed and ravaged the country.
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In the east, in the lands of Prester John, I am told that a great victory has been had. While our brothers in Spain face doom, our Ethiop brothers are blessed. The city of Alexandria has been reclaimed by Christians, and is now home to a Christian Patriarch, sometimes sinfully known as the 'Coptic Pope'. The victory has led to the birth of a new holy order of militant monks, men sworn to chastity and poverty, but who fight God's physical battle with the sword, rather than the spiritual battle using only the Holy Word. These warrior monks are called the Order of Saint Anthony.

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949 - In his fifty-seventh year of kingship, Agila wrested control of Derby and Ulster from the Lollards, ending the war. Across Oceanus' swirling beard, however, no good news was had. The war with the Umayyads had come to an end, and the Christians of Agila's Aragonese domains found themselves under a Muslim yoke.

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The Latin Provinces of Britannia
With many counties being ruled by Latin counts, and with some populations adopting Latin law and custom, as opposed to those of the Britons, the names of the landscape have changed since the original Visigothic arrival in Cornwall.

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Cornwall has become known as Cornubia.
Devon has become known as Dumnonia.
Dyfed has become known as Demetia.
Glamorgan has become known as Swena.
Gwynedd has become known as Venedotia.
Ternyllwg has become known as Ordovica.
Perfeddwlad has become known as Deceanglia.
Shrewesbury has become known as Guricon.
Hereford has become known as Aricon.
Derby has become known as Derventio.
Ulster has become known as Quinta Voluntia.

Those lands held by the Duke of Wessex retain their traditional names.
 
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Finished an essay earlier today, so finally have time for a proper sized update. I had fun looking up old Roman towns and early-Welsh names for places to get reasonable post-Latin names for all the provinces. Apart from Swena, most of them are pre-Roman tribes or derivatives from Roman towns. So Guricon comes from Viroconium Cornoviorum just as Trier (Treve) comes from Augusta Treverorum.

I'm so glad that Arturo was born at all, and it's brilliant that he has the quick trait. For a while I was worried I'd have to have a caretaker Queen before moving to an offshoot branch of the Betotez or seeing the dynasty change, breaking what is a nice continuous line of kings. I'm trying to RP so wouldn't necessarily have Monnio elect a cousin as her heir when she has perfectly good children, even if they are nominally a different dynasty.
 
Very good AAR, find it rather funny you were able to slay the Pope (CK2 logic) :)

Does it usalley say oh bugger, in the text box for Jihads, becuase it made me chuckle.

KUTGW
 
Thanks! I did quite enjoy that, even though the Pope fighting in battle is a little unlikely (even if he was an ordinary old man of God).

Haha, that 'Oh. Bugger.' was just a little edit I put in to vent my frustration. :p It's normally a more prosaic 'Ok.'