Power to the People - A Sardinia-Piedmont Interactive AAR

[Otto of england]

((Private))

Adriano got off the train, he was surprised though only mildly that his fake ID actually worked. He was in Milan now, a beautiful city by any regard he hoped that he would be able to stay here for a bit, as Milan was also prime for his campaigning. He figured he had two or three weeks before he had to leave, plenty of time to create another fake ID and do his work. Though, even with that he started immediately.

 

[Dadarian]

"...have fun while we can...."

((Using OOC in an IC argument? 11/10))

 

[Firehound15]

"A well-trained army is a prepared army. A prepared army is a strong army. A strong army wins wars and makes an even stronger nation."

Colonel V.M. Pedrotti​

((II. Corps shall begin drilling.))

 

[Contravarius]

- Private: Baron di Grande Rubicon, Gabriel Severus Drago di Eugenyus dom Contravarius-Mondragones y d’Alathristus-Danzig -​

To the Baron di Grande Rubicon, Patriarch of the Contravarius,

Throughout the history of my father and grandfather, it seems as there has always been a sort of cooperation and admiration given to your House from mine own, first in Grandfather Lucius, then to my own Papa, who was served perhaps most ardently by a Contravarius. And I have always wondered what strange allure your dynasty bore, but I believe I have begun to see it myself in your strange, albeit fascinating artwork. Perhaps this oddity, though somehow a noble oddity, this mix of sophistication, loyal service, and eccentricity is just what my family has always loved.

But let me not ramble on. I write today to offer my patronage, and to request a commission of art for my personal display in what little the Balbos have left. Already I have one piece of your work - I being the winner of the auction for The Magnificence of the Walking Tables - but I find myself wanting more to include myself in this emerging artstyle, and to find myself surrounded by your works.

- Italus Balbo

A private note arrives, adressed to mister Italus Balbo:

There is no reason to inflate my already enormous ego, mon ami.
Come by my studio some day.
It is always full of miserable and unmemorable artists trying to forget their lost homeland and the pointlessness of the puny little dreams they call LIFE.

Ton ami,
C


PS: Don't mind the tiger. Her name is Josephine and she's very friendly. There are rumors floating around that she ate Harry Nine-Carat, but they are not true. That sad bastard drank himself to death.

PPS: I just remembered: Josephine did eat Abdul the African, a servant I had. I think I would've sacked him a week later anyway, his face was beginning to annoy me.

PPPS: No, really, there is no reason to worry about the tiger.​

The bored face of a man whose tiger just ate Abdul the African no more than five minutes ago. ​

 

[ThunderHawk3]

((For those wondering, Towll has declared the IG issue stances of his government to be: Pro Military/Secularized/Planned Economy/Protectionism/ Full Citizenship.

I plan to update tonight.

EDIT: Towll gone back from State Capitalism to Planned Economy.))

 

[Contravarius]

The Flight over Venice
​

...was an air raid undertaken by German-Italian artist and composer Gabriel Severus Drago di Eugenyus dom Contravarius-Mondragones y d’Alathristus-Danzig on 15th of August 1906. With Joseph von Grillitzer, a known Prussian flight enthusiast, reactionary anti-communist and madman, the one-plane self-titled squadriglia (squadron) called “La Serenissima” bearing the Lion of St Mark painted on its fuselage sides as the plane’s insignia, flew for over 180 km from Ljubljana in modern Slovenia to Venice to drop around a thousand leaflets that read:

A Friendly Poem to the Unfortunate, the Waster of Life and Limb – the International Communist
​

You got to be crazy, you gotta have a real need.
You got to sleep on your toes, and when you're on the street,
You got to be able to pick out the easy meat with your eyes closed.
And then moving in silently, down wind and out of sight,
You got to strike when the moment is right without thinking.

And after a while, you can work on points for style.
Like the expensive necktie, and the firm handshake,
A certain look in the eye and an easy smile.
You have to be trusted by the people that you lie to,
So that when they turn their backs on you,
You'll get the chance to put the knife in.

You got to keep one eye looking over your shoulder.
You know it's going to get harder, and harder, and harder as you get older.
And in the end you'll pack up and ride down south,
Hide your head in the sand, just another sad old man,
All alone and dying of cancer.

And when you loose control, you'll reap the harvest you have sown.
And as the fear grows, the bad blood slows and turns to stone.
And it's too late to lose the weight you used to need to throw around.
So have a good drown, as you go down, all alone,
Dragged down by the stone.

I gotta admit that I'm a little bit confused.
Sometimes it seems to me as if I'm just being used.
Gotta stay awake, gotta try and shake off this creeping malaise.
If I don't stand my own ground, how can I find my way out of this maze?

Deaf, dumb, and blind, you just keep on pretending
That everyone's expendable and no-one has a real friend.
And it seems to you the thing to do would be to isolate the winner
And everything's done under the sun,
And you believe at heart, everyone's a killer.

Who was born in a house full of pain.
Who was trained not to spit in the fan.
Who was told what to do by the man.
Who was broken by trained personnel.
Who was fitted with collar and chain.
Who was given a pat on the back.
Who was breaking away from the pack.
Who was only a stranger at home.
Who was ground down in the end.
Who was found dead on the phone.
Who was dragged down by the stone.​

The action was planned a month before but technical problems, such as the fuel capacity of the plane, delayed it. The first trial was attempted on the 2nd of August 1918, but the aircraft returned due to heavy fog. The second trial, on 8th of August 1906, was cancelled due to strong wind, while the last one, on 15th August, was successful.

The pair of madmen sitting in Fokker M1 just moments before takeoff in an experimental airfield near Ljubljana, Austria​

With von Grillitzer behind the controls, the pair managed to fly over the borders of Italy unnoticed, scare some farmers, make a couple of circles above Venice and drop the leaflets, land, pick up fuel already prepared by a nearby accomplice (the poor man was later shot), take off again, scare some more farmers and fly back over the border of Italy to Austria.

This achievement is one of the most famous accomplishments of the pioneer era of aviation, and not only won von Grillitzer a lasting place in history and assured the future of his aircraft manufacturing business (inherited soon by his somewhat less insane son, because of his much speculated "suicide" that is commonly accepted as a revenge action of the USI), but also became the crown jewel in the series of famous feats that the life of Baron dom Contravarius-Mondragones is filled to the brink with. The event caused a major reappraisal of the importance of aviation; the English newspaper, The Daily Express, led its story of the flight with the headline, "Venice is no longer an Island, the Communists are no longer in control of the Italian air".

((The sad end of Joseph von Grillitzer at the hands of commie assassins was edited in after a suggestion from TJDS. Blame him, not me.))

 

[king cruel]

I happily accept my appointment as manager to the Production Commissariat of the North.
"To serve the fatherland and his people."

Now for business.
The Prodcom of the North will:
Reopen one Small arms factory in South Tirol for 1'000£

 

[Andre Massena]

((Private-GiE))

Congratulations to the Marchese di Soleminis, who will serve as Prime Minister for the Kingdom of Italy. May he lead us back home and help restore His Majesty in Rome!

Now let us discuss new business. May God guide us.

-Princess Rosa Sophia Bonaretti-Wittelsbach, Duchess of Venezia, Countess of Nizza, Marquess of Victory

((Tally:
Amat- 4
Karlomarx- 4
Escarra- 4
Abstain- 3

The tie posed a dilemma since I wanted to resolve the "election" before TH updates tonight. I didn't think using PP would be a good way to decide so I enlisted Firehound to flip a coin to determine the winner. It came up heads, which meant Marschalk won.))

 

[Marschalk]

((Private - GiE))

Gentlemen,

I am honored to become the Prime Minister of the true Italian Government - and would do my best to serve His Majesty King Umberto II and the Nation with zeal. Our mission is to cleanse our country of the red monsters that are now occupying it, to return the House of Savoy to its rightful throne, to restore social order, rule of law, property and religion - and we would fight until we have reached this aim. I thank you all for your support and would announce the new cabinet soon.

- Amedeo Cesare Amat, Marchese di Soleminis, Prime Minister of Italy

 

[ThunderHawk3]

Cirelli 1907-1908: Italian Leftism​

The Communist Party of Italy seemed shocked by their own success and were caught totally unprepared for the task of governance. Red fervor swept through Europe as Italy fell to communism. Communist rebellions broke out in both Austria-Hungary (just over the border) and French Morocco; both proved difficult for the domestic governments to extinguish. While the European powers discussed an intervention against Communism, both France and Austria were disarmed. Only Germany could have realistically mustered the force, and it seemed uninterested. Italy, however, had its own problems.

1. At least one image used by the People's Republic of Italy​

After a hasty National Congress, the party appointed a new politburo to rule the nation. It was composed of a handful of notables but was mostly unknowns. It was, however, built in strict accordance with the communist ideologies of equality between the classes and genders. Two of the eight members were women (a further one appointed later), and there was not a nobleman or member of the bourgeoise to be seen among them. Egeo Cirelli was named General Secretary for no particular reason, perhaps even at random, simply because someone had to be in charge.

The Cirelli politburo would almost instantly be wracked by infighting as he tried to divy up portfolios between the members. Almost immediately they quarrelled over their conflicting views for Italy. Camilleri instantly insisted on a novel economic policy where he appointed general managers for vast swathes of Italian industry and paid them a fraction of the profits. Other members of the politburo said this stank of Balboist syndicalism and fought back. After much waffling, the General Secretary banned Camilleri from compensating the general managers. It became routine to have important orders signed by multiple politburo members to underscore their importance, in the hope that they would actually be executed. At least one, Fulgenzio Rugerri, would flee into exile in the first month of the government - not a good sign for the future. In retrospect, it was obvious that the government, which could not even govern itself, would have trouble governing the people.

That was not to say nothing was done. As the Interior Commissariat emphasized party loyalty, the others focused on building. Cuomo's War Ministry laid out grandiose plans for forty new people's army brigades (perhaps nervously eyeing the white divisions to the north). Lucrezi Constantino would launch a landmark construction program for Italian railroads as Commissar for Transport. Under a new constitution, Camilleri and Massimo Perniciaro would oversee the implementation of new workplace reforms, pensions, healthcare, and more.

2. An Italian Tool and Dye​

However, someone had to pay for all these grandoise problems and that someone was the Italian people. Camillieri had ensured that money was not abolished at least, as some communist ideologues wished to do. Samuele Pietro Paolo di Cervo, of the Finance Commissariat, was left raising taxes massively on all strata of society to fund the new programs. Unsurprisingly, this generated backlash.

A new tax rebellion began in early 1906, with hundreds refusing to pay the Communist regime for their new spattering of social programs. The communists had not inherited the Balbo bureaucracy - they had, if anything, eroded it - and tax collection proved difficult for them. Though they had nationalized all major factories, many small business owners, farmers, and other businesspeople scoffed at the spattering of new regulations and benefits they were expected to pay. They staged Italy's second mass lockout in history in protest of the communist regime.

3. Revolutionary "Red Guards" escorting a mob to harangue business owners​

In response, Vito Roncalli would send out the Red Guards - the revolutionary vanguard - to try to hunt down anyone refusing to pay their dues for the sake of the People's Republic. Revolutionary soldiers stormed local businesses and shot owners indiscriminately, along with anyone suspected of not paying taxes. It was not exactly a popular move.

In the northern parts of the country, the previous Balboist armies - the so called "White Divisions" - had become like local warlords, totally unanswerable to the government in Rome. While none of them yet seemed interested in marching on the capital, perhaps for lack of motivation or supply, they remained a real threat to government authority. People began to flee into "white territories" as the Red Guards ransacked Rome and Naples, with new anti-communist militias popping up beside the White Divisions through 1906. It was obvious that the communists were losing control.

4. An Italian white division​

In 1907, with the tax rebellion still worsening despite the actions of the Red Guards, Massimo Perniciaro was sent to negotiate with opposition leaders. They universally demanded the legalization of opposition parties, freedom from harrassment of these parties, no gerrymandering, and secret ballots as guaranteed in the constitution or, in other words, democracy. The Politburo quickly caved to these demands.

However, it was too late. Chaos was already reigning in the streets as Italian White Divisions regrouped and started to move into central Italy from their northern outposts, and Red Guards ransacking the streets and battling local opposition fighters, from anarchists to Sicilian separatists. By 1908, what little communist governmental infrastructure there had been was no longer functioning.

Italy had descended into a second anarchy.


----------------------------


Player Actions Needed:

So due to the government's attempt to pass... uh... 25 reforms (or 29 by the end of the update) and the subsequent decision to shoot counterrevolutionary tax rebels, NRT dropped to zero and Italy has fallen into a second anarchy. Whoo?

 

[Andre Massena]

Rosa Bonaretti weeps for Italy

 

[Noco19]

A private note is returned to the Contravarius Patriarch, promising Italus will pay a visit soon.

And then a few more private notes are sent to various acquaintances and old comrades who remained in northern Italy as White Warlords, congratulating them for their successful campaign.

 

[sealy300]

La Dame de Nizzia sits in her chair as news of Italy's ongoing collapse fill her ears.

"ENOUGH!" she screams. "We need a plan..." she panted out.
"The people are scared Lucrezia, the police & the army have gone: who protects them now?" said Antoine, one of her trusted colleagues.
"Then it comes up to the consiglio to protect the people: if the central government has fallen, we must be the government."
"I will contact the local constabulary ASAP Comrade." Replied Juliano
"Now we need a government, if we are to survive, we must act independently."
"This is going to take a lot of work..." sighed Antoine.

((Using my Demagogue Powers, I officially found a militia in the region of Nizzia/Nice to protect the people and upholding leftist ideologies. It shall be named the Forza del popolo di protezione / La force du personnage Protection / The People's Protection force.))

 

[Mikkel Glahder]

((How is it possible to fail that badly may I ask?))

 

[Glueth]

And so failure comes to the Socialist ranks once more. Who knew - who'd have thought that you need to pay for the services they give you? But money grows on trees, right?

Once again, the failures of popular revolutionary movements come to a head. Just like the Romagogues or the old Socialists of 1884, the idealism of the Left comes crashing directly into reality. The Unions they champion are greedy, untrustworty, and selfish by nature, like all men - people need to be sheparded, guided, into good governance. What they need... is a King.

((How is it possible to fail that badly may I ask?))

((To quote our friend Liberty Prime: COMMUNISM IS THE VERY DEFINITION OF FAILURE."))

 

[Marschalk]

A MEMORANDUM FROM THE PRIME MINISTER TO THE LORD REGENT AND THE PEOPLE OF ITALY​

Friends, allies, Italians!

Important news have come to us from our homeland - the Hydra has once again started devouring its own heads. For a long time it was clear to all of us that the Left is the Lefts worst enemy, for they, one time after another, through their tyrannical and idiotic measures, manage to topple their own regime. However, sadly enough, while eating itself, the Hydra also bites through the flesh of the Italian State and Nation. A violent minority, that acquired power through a treacherous rebellion and regicide, established a regime of wild oppression and triumph of godless immorality. Robbing the big business first, they started to squeeze money out of common people, wanting them to finance unwanted reforms and their radical utopias. When Italians, not wishing to give their property to the illegal government of murderers, opposed such measures, they, once again, sent in their thugs to kill Italian patriots - and made our country, which was, through the hard work of the Right, rebuilt after their last debacle, descend into a new anarchy.

But while their mission is to destroy and kill, ours is to build and create. We must hope that soon, through the efforts of the White generals, with whom I am in correspondence, as well as loyal Italian subjects (which constitute the majority of the nation), the Marxist abominations would end on the rope - and life of Italy would return to normality. Then it would be our mission, a mission before God, King and the people, to restore the rule of the Monarch and rule of law, religion, social order and stability, end the mob violence and preserve Italia as a great nation.

For this reason, as the Prime Minister of Italy and in the name of our Sovereign, King Umberto II, I recommend the following cabinet of the White Government for approval of HIs Royal Highness, Duke Thomas of Genoa. May all of us fulfill our duties before the Throne and Country with zeal, dignity and dedication.

Long live the King and Great Italy!

- Amedeo Cesare Amat, Marchese di Soleminis, Prime Minister of Italian Government

PRIME MINISTER: Amedeo Cesare Amat, Marchese di Soleminis ((Marschalk))
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER: Conte Karlomarx de Maxispierre von Habsburg-Lorraine d'Annecy ((Mikkel Glahder))
ACTING CHIEF OF ARMY: General Julius Vaccarello ((Gen. Marshall))
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS: Rosa Sofia Bonaretti, Princess of Bavaria and Duchess of Venice ((AndreMassena))
MINISTER OF WAR AND THE COLONIES: Cesare Giacomo d’Auria, Conte d’Ismailia, Visconte d’Acre ((Riccardo 93))
MINISTER OF FINANCE: Signor Donatello Augustin di Barnardi ((Glueth))
MINISTER OF COMMERCE: Signor Michelangelo Ezzo ((mrlifeless))
MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR AND AGRICULTURE: Signor Antonio Escarra ((oxfordroyale))
MINISTER OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE:Conte Karlomarx de Maxispierre von Habsburg-Lorraine d'Annecy ((Mikkel Glahder))
MINISTER OF JUSTICE: Gabriel Severus Drago di Eugenyus, Baron di Grande Rubicone ((Contravarius))
MINISTER OF TRANSPORTATION AND RAILROADS: Signor Italus Balbo ((Noco19))
MINISTER OF THE ROYAL COURT: Federico Zachary Fabron-D'Ambrosio ((naxhi))[/QUOTE]

 

[Contravarius]

The Black Book of Communism: The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism in Italy​

…is a book written by several European academics and popular Italian émigré figures and is one of the first of its kind, documenting a history of repressions, both political and civilian, by Communist government in Italy, including extrajudicial executions, mass shootings, deportations, and the possible artificial famines in Southern Italy and Sicily during the years 1907-08. As the years passed, the numerous writers of the book would also start including information and analysis of the violent communist rebellions in Austria-Hungary and French Morocco.

Gabriel Severus Drago di Eugenyus dom Contravarius-Mondragones y d’Alathristus-Danzig, the primary (and half-accidental) initiator behind the book, would make a controversial decision to reach out and ask the exiled, anti-regime, leftist radicals like Fulgenzio Ruggeri aswell as some of the more extremist students of the famous hardliner Benito Bello to share their opinions on the pages of the book. Some of them agreed to it, others didn't.

The first edition of the book was originally published in 1912 in France under the title “Le Livre noir du communisme: Théorie et pratique du collectivisme oligarchique dans L’Italie” with funds from a local branch of the Contravarius dynasty. In the United States it would later by published by Harvard University Press. The German edition, published by Eppenhauer & Wattisch, includes a chapter written by Joachim von Ermschdat, who later went on to be Chancellor of Germany.

The book would become the most voluminous collection of information on the topic of early communist regime in Italy in history and would, despite its obvious bias, earn the praise of historians of later generations.

In the introduction, editor Federico Fabron-D'Ambrosio states that "...Communist regimes... turned mass crime into a full-blown system of government".

Statesman Amedeo Cesare Amat, Marchese di Soleminis argues with the staunch support of anti-communist historians such as Stephanus Erik de Courtonne that the Central Commitee needed to use terror to stay in power because they lacked popular support. Although the Communists dominated among the industrial workers in the bigger cities and in their revolutionary soviets, their popularity remained low throughout among the rest of the Italian population. Massive strikes by Roman workers were "mercilessly" suppressed during the Red Terror.

According to Amat, violence was implicit in Marxism itself. He argued that terror inevitably resulted from what he saw as a Marxist belief that human lives are expendable in the cause of building Communism. He quoted Marx: "The present generation resembles the Jews whom Moses led through the wilderness. It must not only conquer a new world, it must also perish in order to make a room for the people who are fit for a new world". In 1848 Marx, commenting on failure of Vienna Uprising, wrote: "there is only one way in which the murderous death agonies of the old society and the bloody birth throes of the new society can be shortened, simplified and concentrated, and that way is revolutionary terror.". Jonathan Radzinsky famously notes that the radical leftist regime seemed to be following a strange teaching of some of the most radical communists at the time: "Terror is the quickest way to new society".

Roberto Banavina of Conquest argues that "unprecedented terror must seem necessary to ideologically motivated attempts to transform society massively and speedily, against its natural possibilities."

However, the chapter is followed by Ernst Orlando della Figres arguing that the Red Terror was implicit, not so much in Marxism itself, as in the violent conditions of the Italian Revolution. He noted that there were a number of Communists, at first led by Ruggeri, who criticised the Terror and warned that thanks to "Commitee's violent seizure of power and its rejection of democracy... [t]he Communists [would be] forced to turn increasingly to terror to silence their political critics and subjugate a society they could not control by other means.". According to della Figres, "The Terror erupted from below. It was an integral element of the proletarian revolution from the start. The Communists encouraged but did not create this mass terror. They were never really in charge."

The German Marxist Karl Ebenhaum, who was also cordially allowed to voice his opions on the pages of this 1400-page book, argues that the Red Terror was a form of terrorism, because it was indiscriminate, intended to frighten the civilian population, and included taking and executing hostages. He said: "Among the phenomena for which Italian Communists have been responsible, terrorism, which begins with the abolition of every form of freedom of the Press, and ends in a system of wholesale execution, is certainly the most striking and the most repellent of all".

* * *

The disappointed face of a man whose wild and illogical predictions about the future of the communist regime in Italy were surpassed in craziness by the actions of the communist regime in Italy​

 

[Terraferma]

(All aboard the crazy train!)

 

[Andre Massena]

The Black Book of Communism: The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism in Italy​

…is a book written by several European academics and popular Italian émigré figures and is one of the first of its kind, documenting a history of repressions, both political and civilian, by Communist government in Italy, including extrajudicial executions, mass shootings, deportations, and the possible artificial famines in Southern Italy and Sicily during the years 1907-08. As the years passed, the numerous writers of the book would also start including information and analysis of the violent communist rebellions in Austria-Hungary and French Morocco.

Gabriel Severus Drago di Eugenyus dom Contravarius-Mondragones y d’Alathristus-Danzig, the primary (and half-accidental) initiator behind the book, would make a controversial decision to reach out and ask the exiled, anti-regime, leftist radicals like Fulgenzio Ruggeri aswell as some of the more extremist students of the famous hardliner Benito Bello to share their opinions on the pages of the book. Some of them agreed to it, others didn't.

The first edition of the book was originally published in 1912 in France under the title “Le Livre noir du communisme: Théorie et pratique du collectivisme oligarchique dans L’Italie” with funds from a local branch of the Contravarius dynasty. In the United States it would later by published by Harvard University Press. The German edition, published by Eppenhauer & Wattisch, includes a chapter written by Joachim von Ermschdat, who later went on to be Chancellor of Germany.

The book would become the most voluminous collection of information on the topic of early communist regime in Italy in history and would, despite its obvious bias, earn the praise of historians of later generations.

In the introduction, editor Federico Fabron-D'Ambrosio states that "...Communist regimes... turned mass crime into a full-blown system of government".

Statesman Amedeo Cesare Amat, Marchese di Soleminis argues with the staunch support of anti-communist historians such as Stephanus Erik de Courtonne that the Central Commitee needed to use terror to stay in power because they lacked popular support. Although the Communists dominated among the industrial workers in the bigger cities and in their revolutionary soviets, their popularity remained low throughout among the rest of the Italian population. Massive strikes by Roman workers were "mercilessly" suppressed during the Red Terror.

According to Amat, violence was implicit in Marxism itself. He argued that terror inevitably resulted from what he saw as a Marxist belief that human lives are expendable in the cause of building Communism. He quoted Marx: "The present generation resembles the Jews whom Moses led through the wilderness. It must not only conquer a new world, it must also perish in order to make a room for the people who are fit for a new world". In 1848 Marx, commenting on failure of Vienna Uprising, wrote: "there is only one way in which the murderous death agonies of the old society and the bloody birth throes of the new society can be shortened, simplified and concentrated, and that way is revolutionary terror.". Jonathan Radzinsky famously notes that the radical leftist regime seemed to be following a strange teaching of some of the most radical communists at the time: "Terror is the quickest way to new society".

Roberto Banavina of Conquest argues that "unprecedented terror must seem necessary to ideologically motivated attempts to transform society massively and speedily, against its natural possibilities."

However, the chapter is followed by Ernst Orlando della Figres arguing that the Red Terror was implicit, not so much in Marxism itself, as in the violent conditions of the Italian Revolution. He noted that there were a number of Communists, at first led by Ruggeri, who criticised the Terror and warned that thanks to "Commitee's violent seizure of power and its rejection of democracy... [t]he Communists [would be] forced to turn increasingly to terror to silence their political critics and subjugate a society they could not control by other means.". According to della Figres, "The Terror erupted from below. It was an integral element of the proletarian revolution from the start. The Communists encouraged but did not create this mass terror. They were never really in charge."

The German Marxist Karl Ebenhaum, who was also cordially allowed to voice his opions on the pages of this 1400-page book, argues that the Red Terror was a form of terrorism, because it was indiscriminate, intended to frighten the civilian population, and included taking and executing hostages. He said: "Among the phenomena for which Italian Communists have been responsible, terrorism, which begins with the abolition of every form of freedom of the Press, and ends in a system of wholesale execution, is certainly the most striking and the most repellent of all".

* * *

The disappointed face of a man whose wild and illogical predictions about the future of the communist regime in Italy were surpassed in craziness by the actions of the communist regime in Italy​

((Very good except you said strikes by "Russian" workers ))

"Mama, will we get to see Italy?" Rosa's duagther asked.

"We shall see," Rosa replied.

If the Hawaiians haven't already destroyed it

 

[oxfordroyale]

((Class Change: Politician to Demagogue))