I know this is out of scope but I have spent some time for possibilities:
A. Possible rich principalities (maybe better version of siberian clans):
http://www.folklore.ee/~aado/rahvad/pelymingl.htm
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khanty
Pelm, Khanty, Konda, Mansi
The Khanty and the Mansi were formerly divided into tribes consisting of local territorial groupings. Each individual, regardless of tribe, belonged to one of two phratries and was expected to marry outside his phratry. A phratry consisted of several clans, each with a name or names of an ancestor or ancestor hero, a sign or brand to identify clan property, internal organization, an ancestor cult, and a sacred site.
Beginning in the 15th c., Muscovite imperial control reached their homeland, and the Mansi came under Russian influence.
Some Khanty princedoms were partially included in the Siberia Khanate from the 1440s–1570s.
In the 11th century, Yugra was actually a term for numerous tribes, each having its own centre and its own chief. Every tribe had two exogamic phratries, termed mon't'and por, and all members were considered to be blood relatives. This structure was later replaced with clans, where each clan leader (knyazets) negotiated with the Russian realm. They also participated in Russian campaigns, and received the right to collect yasaq (tribute) from two Khanty volosts (districts) respectively. When this structure was no longer needed, Russia deprived them of their privileges.
The Mansi suffered from their commercial and political contacts with the Russians. The Russians brought tools, firearms and various trade goods, including alcohol, which has plagued these people ever since. They also brought with them diseases that these peoples had never been exposed to before. Alcohol and diseases led to a rapid decline of the Mansi population, and the population did not stabilise again until well into the 18th c.
During the 16th and 17th c., the tsars practised a policy of indirect rule from Moscow. Forts were established for the purpose of collecting the fur tax, while actual administration was left in the hands of local rulers.
Russian Orthodox missionaries were also active among the Mansi, and made thousands of converts. Moscow authorised the granting of citisenship to converts, which led to many forced baptisms by local rulers who afterwards used their native serfs to increase fur trapping. The conversions were rather superficial, though, Christianity typically mingled with the traditional faith of the Mansi.
Koda Principality
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Koda+Principality
a territorial-tribal union of the Khanty in Western Siberia, along the lower course of the Ob. It was known to the Russians in the 15th century as part of the Ugrian land. In 1484 the Koda Principality recognized its vassalage to the Russian state and agreed to pay tribute in money collected from its subject population. The Koda “princes,” the Alychevs (or Alachevs),furthered the Russian colonization of Siberia. In the 17th century, the autonomy of the Koda Principality was abolished and it was put on the same footing as the other districts in the Ugrian land.
The principality of Pelym was located in the basin of the Konda river and stretched from the mouth of the Sosva near Tavda up to Tabary. The number of population could be inferred from a report from 1599 which states that the region was inhabited by 555 tax-paying citizens (Bahrushin 1955,2: 144). The stronghold of the Pelym princes was also a significant religious centre; a sacred Siberian larch grew in its surroundings and even in the 18th century people used to hang the skins of sacrificed horses on its branches. Near the sacred tree was a worship storehouse with five idols of human figure, and smaller storehouses with high pillars and human-faced peaks around it for storing sacrificial instruments. The bones of sacrificial animals were stored in a separate building (Novitski: 81). Konda formed the largest part of Pelym principality, according to the tax registers from 1628/29 it was inhabited by 257 tax-paying Mansi. The treasures of Agai, the Prince of Konda who was imprisoned by the Russians in 1594 gives us a good picture of the wealth of the Ob-Ugrian nobles of this period. Namely, the Russians confiscated two silver crowns, a silver spoon, a silver beaker, a silver spiral bracelet, "precious drapery" and 426 sable, 13 fox, 61 beaver and 1.000 squirrel skins from Agai (Bahrushin 1955,2: 146). The third part of the Pelym principality was the region of Tabary, which inhabited 102 adults in 1628/29. Preceding the coming of the Russians the Mansi of this region were farmers and according to the tradition Yermak collected tribute in form of grain (Bahrushin 1955,2: 147).
B. Kets
https://web.archive.org/web/20061110184018/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Keti
Many ethnologists consider the Kets to be descendants of the original inhabitants of Siberia, which explains the unique structure of their language and their "non-Asian" pfysical features. These ancestors may have been descendants of South Siberian Caucasians who merged with ancient Mongols. As a result of migration smaller groups settled in the northern region by the Yenisey.
Living in west Siberia, the Kets came into contact with Russians at the beginning of the 17th c. The Ket sub-groups that existed at that time have been - with the exception of the northernmost one - assimilated by the Russians, Evenki and Khakass. Their religion also changed, becoming a conglomeration of Christianity and the indigenous tribal faith.
C. Selkups
https://web.archive.org/web/20061108172630/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Selkhup
The Selkups are a Samoyedic people (related to Nenets, Enets and Nganasans), and it is believed that they split away from the Finno-Ugrian groups around 3000 B.C. and migrated east, where they mixed with Turkish-Altaic peoples around 200 B.C.
D. Yakuts (Sakha)
https://web.archive.org/web/20061018233610/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Yakutian
The Yakuts are most likely descended from a mixture of peoples from the area of Lake Baykal, Turkish tribes from the steppe and Altay mountains, and indigenous peoples of Siberia, particularly the Evens and Evenks.
When ethnic Russians first arrived in the region of Yakutiya in the 1620s, the Yakuts were living along the Lena and other rivers, functioning in a semi-nomadic, subsistence economy. They were organised in roughly 80 feudal-like patriarchal clans, but a broader sense of ethnic identity was already developing.
Russia annexed Yakutiya in the 1620s, and immediately imposed the fur tax. Soldiers and merchants poured into the area in order for the Russians to take control over Yakutiya and the numerous Yakuts. The Yakuts answered with several uprisings between 1634 and 1642, but the revolts were all crushed. The fighting, together with a variety of European diseased brought by the Russians, led to a decrease in the Yakut population. Many also tried to escape the Russians by migrating further east.
But during the 18th c., the Russians annexed more and more territories to the east - Kamchatka, the Chukchi peninsula, the Aleut islands, and Alaska. Yakutiya became a thoroughfare, and more and more Russians settled in the area. Other major events that changed the life in Yakutia, were the completion of the mailroute in 1773, construction of convict camps, discovery of gold in Yakutiya in 1846, construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the 1880s and -90s, and the development of commercial shipping on the Lena river. These developments contributed to the commercialisation of the region, and brought in "hordes" of Russian settlers.
E. Yukaghirs around Kolyma
https://web.archive.org/web/20061110184737/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Yukagiri
The Yukagirs are one of the smallest identifiable ethnic groups still functioning in Russia.
Historically, the Yukagir economy was based primarily on nomadic hunting and fishing, with a few Tundra Yukagirs tending reindeer herds. Their matrilineal clan loyalties were very powerful, and the Yukagirs did not have a sense of common ethnic identity.
Ethnic Russian commercial traders, fur trappers and hunters established permanent contact with the Yukagirs in the mid-17th c. With them they brought useful tools and weapons that the Yukagirs also learned to use, but they also brought alcohol and a wave of epidemic diseases that led to a rapid decline in the Yukagir population.
Russian Orthodox missionaries were also active among the Yukagirs, and made thousands of converts. Moscow authorised the granting of citisenship to converts, which led to many forced baptisms by local rulers who afterwards used the Yukagirs as serfs to increase fur trapping. The conversions were rather superficial, though, Christianity typically mingled with the traditional shamanistic faith of the Yukagirs.
The 13 tribes that once constituted the Yukaghir group are: Vadul-Alais, Odul, Chuvan, Anaoul, Lavren, Olyuben, Omok, Penjin, Khodynts, Khoromoy, Shoromboy, Yandin, and Yandyr.
The surviving three tribes are the Odul of Nelemnoe, the Vadul of Andryushkino and the Chuvan of the Anadyr river area. Of the extinct groups, the most important were the Khodynts, the Anaoul (both of the Anadyr River area), and the Omok (north of the Chuvan). Sometimes the Chuvan are considered a separate tribe. The Chuvantsy language has been extinct since the early 20th century.
F. Udegey
https://web.archive.org/web/2006111...pi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Udegeytsi
The Udegey are closely related to the Ulch, Nanay, Orok and Oroch, all of whom consider themselves to be part of the Nani group. Their languages are mutually intelligible.
The Udegey enjoyed realtive freedom from Russian cultural and political pressure until the 19th c. They were nomadic hunters, organised into powerful clans.
In the 19th c., then, the Udegey were caught between Chinese and Russian expansion. From both sides, there were hard pressures to assimilate.
G. Nanay around Amur
https://web.archive.org/web/20061110184243/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Nanay
The Nanay are closely related to the Ulch, the Oroks and the Oroch, who all consider themselves to be part of the larger Nani group.
H. Itelmens
https://web.archive.org/web/20061210112812/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Itelmeni
When the Russians came to Kamchatka by the end of the 17th c., the Itelmen numbered about 12-13.000 people. The population declined rather rapidly due to many armed conflicts with the Cossacks over the despised fur tax, epidemics, tribal hostilities, hunger and the spread of alcoholism. Another factor leading to decline in the registered Itelmen population were intermarriages with ethnic Russians. The Itelmen population was estimated at less than 3,000 in 1781.
Violent rebellions in the first half of the 18th c. were easily suppressed as the Itelmen were scattered, had no tribal government and had not developed a strong internal organization.
I. Nivkh
https://web.archive.org/web/20061108172011/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Nivkhi
The Nivkh are a Tungus-Mandchurian people, related to two other Sakhalin peoples, the Ainu and the Goldi. The history of Sakhalin before Russian occupation is full of wars between these peoples, especially between the Nivkh and the Ainu.
The first contact between the Russians and the Nivkh occurred in 1645, when a Russian expedition led by Cossack V.D. Poyarkov camped in a Nivkh settlement at the mouth of the Amur river. In 1850, the Russian government annexed the Amur Delta, including some Nivkh territory.
J. Koryaks
https://web.archive.org/web/20061108172324/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Koryak
The Koryaks' ancestors were a people that 2000 years ago lived on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, hunting sea mammals. They gradually migrated to the Kamchatka peninsula. Reindeer-herding developed gradually among groups of Koryaks from the 11th to the 16th c.
Ethnic Russians first encountered the Koryaks in 1642, when the Cossack Ivan Yerastov met up with Kamen herders. In the 1640s, the Russians built two forts on the Kamchatka among the Chukchi. Commercial traders, fur trappers and hunters used these forts as a base and established permanent contact with the Koryaks.
A. Possible rich principalities (maybe better version of siberian clans):
http://www.folklore.ee/~aado/rahvad/pelymingl.htm
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khanty
Pelm, Khanty, Konda, Mansi
The Khanty and the Mansi were formerly divided into tribes consisting of local territorial groupings. Each individual, regardless of tribe, belonged to one of two phratries and was expected to marry outside his phratry. A phratry consisted of several clans, each with a name or names of an ancestor or ancestor hero, a sign or brand to identify clan property, internal organization, an ancestor cult, and a sacred site.
Beginning in the 15th c., Muscovite imperial control reached their homeland, and the Mansi came under Russian influence.
Some Khanty princedoms were partially included in the Siberia Khanate from the 1440s–1570s.
In the 11th century, Yugra was actually a term for numerous tribes, each having its own centre and its own chief. Every tribe had two exogamic phratries, termed mon't'and por, and all members were considered to be blood relatives. This structure was later replaced with clans, where each clan leader (knyazets) negotiated with the Russian realm. They also participated in Russian campaigns, and received the right to collect yasaq (tribute) from two Khanty volosts (districts) respectively. When this structure was no longer needed, Russia deprived them of their privileges.
The Mansi suffered from their commercial and political contacts with the Russians. The Russians brought tools, firearms and various trade goods, including alcohol, which has plagued these people ever since. They also brought with them diseases that these peoples had never been exposed to before. Alcohol and diseases led to a rapid decline of the Mansi population, and the population did not stabilise again until well into the 18th c.
During the 16th and 17th c., the tsars practised a policy of indirect rule from Moscow. Forts were established for the purpose of collecting the fur tax, while actual administration was left in the hands of local rulers.
Russian Orthodox missionaries were also active among the Mansi, and made thousands of converts. Moscow authorised the granting of citisenship to converts, which led to many forced baptisms by local rulers who afterwards used their native serfs to increase fur trapping. The conversions were rather superficial, though, Christianity typically mingled with the traditional faith of the Mansi.
Koda Principality
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Koda+Principality
a territorial-tribal union of the Khanty in Western Siberia, along the lower course of the Ob. It was known to the Russians in the 15th century as part of the Ugrian land. In 1484 the Koda Principality recognized its vassalage to the Russian state and agreed to pay tribute in money collected from its subject population. The Koda “princes,” the Alychevs (or Alachevs),furthered the Russian colonization of Siberia. In the 17th century, the autonomy of the Koda Principality was abolished and it was put on the same footing as the other districts in the Ugrian land.
The principality of Pelym was located in the basin of the Konda river and stretched from the mouth of the Sosva near Tavda up to Tabary. The number of population could be inferred from a report from 1599 which states that the region was inhabited by 555 tax-paying citizens (Bahrushin 1955,2: 144). The stronghold of the Pelym princes was also a significant religious centre; a sacred Siberian larch grew in its surroundings and even in the 18th century people used to hang the skins of sacrificed horses on its branches. Near the sacred tree was a worship storehouse with five idols of human figure, and smaller storehouses with high pillars and human-faced peaks around it for storing sacrificial instruments. The bones of sacrificial animals were stored in a separate building (Novitski: 81). Konda formed the largest part of Pelym principality, according to the tax registers from 1628/29 it was inhabited by 257 tax-paying Mansi. The treasures of Agai, the Prince of Konda who was imprisoned by the Russians in 1594 gives us a good picture of the wealth of the Ob-Ugrian nobles of this period. Namely, the Russians confiscated two silver crowns, a silver spoon, a silver beaker, a silver spiral bracelet, "precious drapery" and 426 sable, 13 fox, 61 beaver and 1.000 squirrel skins from Agai (Bahrushin 1955,2: 146). The third part of the Pelym principality was the region of Tabary, which inhabited 102 adults in 1628/29. Preceding the coming of the Russians the Mansi of this region were farmers and according to the tradition Yermak collected tribute in form of grain (Bahrushin 1955,2: 147).
B. Kets
https://web.archive.org/web/20061110184018/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Keti
Many ethnologists consider the Kets to be descendants of the original inhabitants of Siberia, which explains the unique structure of their language and their "non-Asian" pfysical features. These ancestors may have been descendants of South Siberian Caucasians who merged with ancient Mongols. As a result of migration smaller groups settled in the northern region by the Yenisey.
Living in west Siberia, the Kets came into contact with Russians at the beginning of the 17th c. The Ket sub-groups that existed at that time have been - with the exception of the northernmost one - assimilated by the Russians, Evenki and Khakass. Their religion also changed, becoming a conglomeration of Christianity and the indigenous tribal faith.
C. Selkups
https://web.archive.org/web/20061108172630/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Selkhup
The Selkups are a Samoyedic people (related to Nenets, Enets and Nganasans), and it is believed that they split away from the Finno-Ugrian groups around 3000 B.C. and migrated east, where they mixed with Turkish-Altaic peoples around 200 B.C.
D. Yakuts (Sakha)
https://web.archive.org/web/20061018233610/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Yakutian
The Yakuts are most likely descended from a mixture of peoples from the area of Lake Baykal, Turkish tribes from the steppe and Altay mountains, and indigenous peoples of Siberia, particularly the Evens and Evenks.
When ethnic Russians first arrived in the region of Yakutiya in the 1620s, the Yakuts were living along the Lena and other rivers, functioning in a semi-nomadic, subsistence economy. They were organised in roughly 80 feudal-like patriarchal clans, but a broader sense of ethnic identity was already developing.
Russia annexed Yakutiya in the 1620s, and immediately imposed the fur tax. Soldiers and merchants poured into the area in order for the Russians to take control over Yakutiya and the numerous Yakuts. The Yakuts answered with several uprisings between 1634 and 1642, but the revolts were all crushed. The fighting, together with a variety of European diseased brought by the Russians, led to a decrease in the Yakut population. Many also tried to escape the Russians by migrating further east.
But during the 18th c., the Russians annexed more and more territories to the east - Kamchatka, the Chukchi peninsula, the Aleut islands, and Alaska. Yakutiya became a thoroughfare, and more and more Russians settled in the area. Other major events that changed the life in Yakutia, were the completion of the mailroute in 1773, construction of convict camps, discovery of gold in Yakutiya in 1846, construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the 1880s and -90s, and the development of commercial shipping on the Lena river. These developments contributed to the commercialisation of the region, and brought in "hordes" of Russian settlers.
E. Yukaghirs around Kolyma
https://web.archive.org/web/20061110184737/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Yukagiri
The Yukagirs are one of the smallest identifiable ethnic groups still functioning in Russia.
Historically, the Yukagir economy was based primarily on nomadic hunting and fishing, with a few Tundra Yukagirs tending reindeer herds. Their matrilineal clan loyalties were very powerful, and the Yukagirs did not have a sense of common ethnic identity.
Ethnic Russian commercial traders, fur trappers and hunters established permanent contact with the Yukagirs in the mid-17th c. With them they brought useful tools and weapons that the Yukagirs also learned to use, but they also brought alcohol and a wave of epidemic diseases that led to a rapid decline in the Yukagir population.
Russian Orthodox missionaries were also active among the Yukagirs, and made thousands of converts. Moscow authorised the granting of citisenship to converts, which led to many forced baptisms by local rulers who afterwards used the Yukagirs as serfs to increase fur trapping. The conversions were rather superficial, though, Christianity typically mingled with the traditional shamanistic faith of the Yukagirs.
The 13 tribes that once constituted the Yukaghir group are: Vadul-Alais, Odul, Chuvan, Anaoul, Lavren, Olyuben, Omok, Penjin, Khodynts, Khoromoy, Shoromboy, Yandin, and Yandyr.
The surviving three tribes are the Odul of Nelemnoe, the Vadul of Andryushkino and the Chuvan of the Anadyr river area. Of the extinct groups, the most important were the Khodynts, the Anaoul (both of the Anadyr River area), and the Omok (north of the Chuvan). Sometimes the Chuvan are considered a separate tribe. The Chuvantsy language has been extinct since the early 20th century.
F. Udegey
https://web.archive.org/web/2006111...pi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Udegeytsi
The Udegey are closely related to the Ulch, Nanay, Orok and Oroch, all of whom consider themselves to be part of the Nani group. Their languages are mutually intelligible.
The Udegey enjoyed realtive freedom from Russian cultural and political pressure until the 19th c. They were nomadic hunters, organised into powerful clans.
In the 19th c., then, the Udegey were caught between Chinese and Russian expansion. From both sides, there were hard pressures to assimilate.
G. Nanay around Amur
https://web.archive.org/web/20061110184243/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Nanay
The Nanay are closely related to the Ulch, the Oroks and the Oroch, who all consider themselves to be part of the larger Nani group.
H. Itelmens
https://web.archive.org/web/20061210112812/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Itelmeni
When the Russians came to Kamchatka by the end of the 17th c., the Itelmen numbered about 12-13.000 people. The population declined rather rapidly due to many armed conflicts with the Cossacks over the despised fur tax, epidemics, tribal hostilities, hunger and the spread of alcoholism. Another factor leading to decline in the registered Itelmen population were intermarriages with ethnic Russians. The Itelmen population was estimated at less than 3,000 in 1781.
Violent rebellions in the first half of the 18th c. were easily suppressed as the Itelmen were scattered, had no tribal government and had not developed a strong internal organization.
I. Nivkh
https://web.archive.org/web/20061108172011/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Nivkhi
The Nivkh are a Tungus-Mandchurian people, related to two other Sakhalin peoples, the Ainu and the Goldi. The history of Sakhalin before Russian occupation is full of wars between these peoples, especially between the Nivkh and the Ainu.
The first contact between the Russians and the Nivkh occurred in 1645, when a Russian expedition led by Cossack V.D. Poyarkov camped in a Nivkh settlement at the mouth of the Amur river. In 1850, the Russian government annexed the Amur Delta, including some Nivkh territory.
J. Koryaks
https://web.archive.org/web/20061108172324/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Koryak
The Koryaks' ancestors were a people that 2000 years ago lived on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, hunting sea mammals. They gradually migrated to the Kamchatka peninsula. Reindeer-herding developed gradually among groups of Koryaks from the 11th to the 16th c.
Ethnic Russians first encountered the Koryaks in 1642, when the Cossack Ivan Yerastov met up with Kamen herders. In the 1640s, the Russians built two forts on the Kamchatka among the Chukchi. Commercial traders, fur trappers and hunters used these forts as a base and established permanent contact with the Koryaks.
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