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vyshan

Retired Kaiserreich Developer
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Bendici%C3%B3n_de_la_Bandera_en_Jujuy.jpg

Hello, and welcome to La Reina del Plata or Queen of the Plata. This will be a historical book style AAR of Argentina. I am using the Historical Flavor Mod. I do not really have any goals for the AAR, other then eventually hopefully become a Great Power.

Table of Contents
Chapter 0:
May Revolution and the War for Independence
Chapter 1: The Federal and Unitarian Civil War
Chapter 2: War of the Farrapos
Chapter 3: War of the Confederations
Chapter 4: Rosas and Rivera
Chapter 5: Second war of the Farrapos
Chapter 6: The Platine War and constitution of 1852
Chapter 6: Nazario Benavídez’s First Term in Office
Chapter 7: Politics of Argentina in the 1860s
 
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Will look forward to it.
 
The May Revolution and War for Independence

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The War for Independence can be traced to start with the French Revolutionary Wars. While the causes reached much deeper then that, notably the social conflict between two dominate classes that existed, the Criollos and the Peninsulars and the Spanish monopoly of trade. It would be the French Revolution and the wars that followed that would set the spark that would set in motion for the War of Independence.

When the war of the Second Coalition broke out in 1798, The Vice-royalty of Rio de la Plata would fight on the side of her mother country. It was during this part of the conflict that the British would launch two separate invasions to capture the city Buenos Aires and add it to the growing British Empire. The first invasion would be launched in 1806. When the British took the town of Quilmes near Buenos Aires, this would spook the Vice-royal to flee the city and take the treasury to the city of Cordoba. This allowed the British to capture the city. However, the Spanish would be able to retake the city, though this would be more due to the native Criollos efforts then Madrid's help.

After the liberation of Buenos Aires, the citizens of the city would do the unprecedented step of appoint their own Vice royal by nominating Santiago de Liniers, a Frenchman who sided with the Spanish. Santiago would be approved by king Charles IV. In order to prevent the British from seizing the city again, which they would try again in 1807, the local Criollos would form their own militias for defence.

However, while the British Invasions lead the seeds of revolt, it was the Peninsular War that would set the spark. The French Invasion of Spain deposed the current King of Spain Ferdinand VII(son of king Charles IV) it forced everyone in the colonies to decide whom should they support. It would also lead to the creation of the Juntas throughout the Spanish empire.

The Juntas began in Spain as a way to deal with the Peninsula War, where local communities would organize themselves military for defending the homeland. This would then echo across to the Americas as people from Mexico to Buenos Aires followed in their footsteps. However when the Junta of Seville, which was the largest and most influential Junta in Spain fell to Napoleon's forces this would change things. The government of Spain would be reorganized into the council of Regency. This would be disputed by the people in the Americas.

In Buenos Aires in the month of May, they would call forth a meeting to decide what should be done. This would begin the May Revolution and create the Primera Junta, though the Primera Junta would evolve into the Junta Grande by the end of the year.

While the events of the May Revolution are regarded as the beginning of the war for independence from Spain, it should be noted that the Primera Junta was originally not fighting for independence. It proclaimed itself loyal to King Ferdinand. It did help that while King Ferdinand was a captive of Napoleon, he proclaimed himself to be in favor of liberal enlightenment ideals in contrast to the absolution of his father.

The first campaigns within the Vice-royalty were not about becoming independent but showing that they were the legitimate power in the Vice-royalty. That said the names of the sides are the Royalists favoring the Regency and the Patriots whom sided with the Junta Grande and successive governments. The Junta Grande and the Council of Regency both claimed to be the legitimate authority in Vice-royalty of Rio de la Plata. However, the campaigns first in Upper Peru and then into Paraguay that the Junta Grande undertook turned out to be failures.

This would result in the creation of the First Triumvirate. The Triumvirate would be lead by Feliciano Chiclana, Juan José Paso and Manuel de Sarratea. The Triumvirate would see the fortunes of the war against the royalist though more due to men Manuel Belgrano whom would disregard the orders from the Triumvirate and go on to win decisive battles at Tucumán and Salto. However despite these victories his deeper penetration into upper Peru would result in defeat.

The First Triumvirate however was facing internal conflicts as the First Triumvirate was rather conservative in nature. The removal of prominent liberals from power would alienate the liberal faction that felt empowered thanks to the May Revolution. Thus the generals José de San Martín and Carlos María de Alvear would work with the dissident liberals to depose the First Triumvirate and set up the Second Triumvirate. Juan José Paso, Nicolás Rodríguez Peña, Antonio Álvarez Jonte would be elected to lead this Triumvirate.

The events of the second Triumvirate coincided with the revolution of October 8, 1812 which when they called for the National Assembly in 1813 called the Assembly of the Year XIII was the next big step on the path towards independence from Spain. Though by the end of the Assembly independence was not declared it did replace the Second Triumvirate with the first government of Argentina known as the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata. The United Provinces would be lead by a supreme director and a council of state.

With the unsuccessful Third Upper Peru campaign and more importantly the restoration of king Ferdinand to the throne of Spain, the question of independence had to be settled once and for all. Thus the Congress of Tucumán was called and one year after the creation of the United Provinces would Independence be declared. However, they excluded representatives from Sante Fe, Entre Ríos, Corrientes and the Banda Oriental whom formed a rival Federal League sometimes called the League of Free People. This would set the stage for future conflicts within the United Provinces.
 
Can this Argentina escape the chaos of its beginning, as Argentina in our own timeline has struggled to do so, I wonder.
 
Can this Argentina escape the chaos of its beginning, as Argentina in our own timeline has struggled to do so, I wonder.

We shall find out. Argentina had at least one civil war before the game even begins, which I plan to cover as another prologue chapter. Lets just hope that there won't be that many once the game actually starts.
 
Subscribed!
 
The Federal and Unitarian Civil War

Almost as soon as the vice royalty of Rio de la Plat become the United Provinces of Rio De La Plata, they were confounded by factionalism that would turn into a civil war. The conflict was driven by two major factions, the Federales and Unitarios, as to the direction the new country should take. The Federales believed that the country should be a federation similar to the United States of America. This contrasts with the Unitarios which believed in a strongly centralized government that was centered in Buenos Aires.

One of the first objectives of the Congress of Tucumán after declaring that the United Provinces were independent from Spain was to draft a constitution for the new country. With independence declared in 1816 it would take three years for the constitution to be drafted. During that time the schism between the Federales and Unitarios grew wider and wider. Finally in 1819 the constitution was finished. The 1819 didn't fully spell out the form of government for there was still some question if the new country should become a monarchy perhaps with one of the cadet branches of the Spanish Royal family or a Republic. It did however establish that the United Provinces would be a bicameral legislature, that the leader of the country would be the Supreme Director who would be elected by both houses and serve for five years. The important thing about the 1819 constitution though was that it was aligned with the Unitarios faction.

This is most evident in the fact that the various provinces rejected the constitution and then waged war against the government. This would lead to the Battle of Cepeda where the Federales defeated the supreme director José Rondeau in battle. This battle would end the attempts to establish the 1819 constitution as the law of the land, it would also mark the beginnings of the civil war in the United Provinces.

1820 was a chaotic time for the new country, hence it has come to be known as The Anarchy of year '20. Though in truth this chaotic time would last most of the 1820s not just the specific year of 1820. The Treaty of Pillar in 1820 would try to end the conflict but while it was signed and agreed it would fail to be implemented due to the ongoing conflicts. Thus the United Provinces barely existed as a country, loosely organized as as confederation of autonomous provinces whom fought and waged war among each other for power and dominance. The most influential of the provinces was Buenos Aires which had the privilege of being able to negotiate foreign relations with the rest of the world.

It is here where you see a number of provincial republics which wrote their own constitutions and became rather autonomous ruled over by various Caudillos. It was during this time that a particularly Argentine militia groups formed called Montoneras. The exact difference between the Montoneras and Militias is a political line. Both were guerillas however the difference lay in their loyalties. A rural militia was loyal to the provincial governor while the Montoneras were insurgents against it. When the Montoneras succeed in replacing the governor with their Caudillos then they stopped being Montoneras and became a rural militia.

In 1824 preparations began to try and formalize yet again another constitution. As the preparations were being prepared, they were able to be recognized as independent by Great Britain which helped immensely in foreign relations though Spain herself did not yet recognize the United Provinces as independent.

In 1826 the Constitution would be formalized. Like the last one it set up a centralized state for the United Provinces. Bernardino Rivadavia would be elected as the first president of the Republic. During Rivadavia’s term as President the United Provinces would wage war against the Empire of Brazil in the Cisplatine War; which had actually begun before the Constitution was created. This war would see the creation of the country of Uruguay. His presidency would also see an increased British influence within the United Provinces as well as the first Argentine settlement on the Falkland Islands.

However, the strongly centralized nature of the new Republic would anger many who wanted a proper Federal Republic. This would lead to the Battle of Oncativo which was a decisive victory for the Federales. From this victory the Pacto Federal would be signed in 1831 that would transform the United Provinces into the Confederación Argentina or Argentine Confederation. The Pact was formed for the provinces to better defend themselves against the Unitarian League which had been formed to bring victory to the Unitarian side in the civil war.

The new pact would create a quasi constitution for Argentina as the provinces that signed the pact agreed to work together. There was no actual Head of State as the Provinces still basically ruled themselves though it quickly became apparent that Juan Manuel de Rosas was the most influential man within the Confederation. Especially after he helped expand the territory of Argentina by doing his conquest of the desert in 1833.
 
The first years of the young country have been troubled, and while more instability seems to be looming around the corner, the expansion of the Argentinian territory on the desert could maybe distract the focus from internal infighting to external growth.
 
Just does to show how un-stable Argentina's foundations are.
 
The first years of the young country have been troubled, and while more instability seems to be looming around the corner, the expansion of the Argentinian territory on the desert could maybe distract the focus from internal infighting to external growth.
Let us hope that there won't be more civil strife, but judging from its previous history, that seems unlikely :p

Just does to show how un-stable Argentina's foundations are.
Yea, its foundations were incrediably unstable and I zoomed past a lot of it to get to 1836. There were more battles, assassinations, executions. the 20s for Argentinia were a mess.
 
The War of the Farrapos
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In 1836 the alliance between the Argentinian Confederation and the Republic of Uruguay was formalized on the 5th of January 1836. The alliance also would force a secondary alliance between the Unitarians of Argentina that opposed the confederation and the Colorados that had just risen up against the Republic. In doing so the alliance meant that the civil wars of the past decade would continue on.

This would cause the Argentinian army to march into Uruguay to defend the republic from the Colorados. A battle in the province of Montivedo would result in victory for the Confederation. This would drive the Colorados into the hills and force a Guerrilla war against the government. However to the Colorados relief a new conflict took the focus off the civil war in Uruguay.

In 1835 the people of Southern Brazil around Porto Alagre and the Rio Grande would revolt against the Empire of Brazil. The origins of the conflict were economical. For the Gauchos of the province principally were forced to sell within the empire of Brazil, which had to compete with foreign goods notably from Argentina and Uruguay. In addition there was the heavy taxes they had to pay that the empire forced on the region.

However while the origins lay in economics, there were other high minded ideals as well. Liberal ideas were coming from Europe and more importantly from the rest of South America. Not for nothing was it declared a republic instead of a monarchy. There was also the legacy of the Cisplatine war that played a heavy role in influencing the events.

It is the last one that would play a major role. Argentina which had gone to war with Brazil not that long ago in the Cisplatin War. The fact that Juan Manuel de Rosas had just signed the treaty with Uruguay that brought the country into Argentina’s arms gave many within the confederation ideas about doing that again in the Rio Grande do Sul.

Thus on the February the 19th 1836, an alliance would be signed between the Republic of the Rio Grande and the Argentine Confederation. A few days later Argentina would officially enter the conflict against the Empire of Brazil. This would transform the revolt into the War of the Farrapos; Farrapos coming from the fringed leather worn by the Gaucho rebels.

The war would be principally fought within the province of Rio Grande do Sul and the province of Santa Catarina. It was during this conflict, as well as the Uruguayan Civil war, that the Argentine general and statesman Justo José de Urquiza would begin his rise of power and fame.

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The battle of Passo Fundo would relieve the forces of the Rio Grande and be the first real battle against the Brazilian army. However the bigger battle and the greater victory would be the battle of Porto Algre. The Brazilians had hoped to capture the capital of the self-proclaimed republic and end the revolt as quickly as possible. However with the Argentine army’s arrival that would force them into a retreat from the region.

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The conflict would turn to principally skirmishes. A battle here and a battle there. The largest of the skirmishes was in 1837 at the battle of Misones and it was one of the few times that Brazil invaded Argentina itself. The province of Misones itself would be occupied near the end of the conflict not by Brazil but by Paraguay which claimed it was protecting the indigenous Guarani people. However Paraguay at the time was still technically considered part of Argentina so this was ignored. More over the region was generally a border region and an ill defined one at that.

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The fighting would continue until the battle of Desterro on February 20th 1838 which would spell the end of the Brazilian army attempting to fight on. For the next couple of months the diplomats did the fighting instead. As with the end of the Cisplatine war, the British would be brought in to help bring peace to the table. This would result in the São Paulo treaty, which would stipulate that war would end between the sides and that Rio Grande do Sul would be an independent Republic.
 
Some excellent news in the war against Brazil.
 
The War of the Confederations

With the war of the Farrapos over Rosa would turn his attention towards towards the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. The Peru-Bolivian Confederation had been a thorn in the side of Argentina since its creation. For the Peru-Bolivian confederation was a haven for dissidents to Rosas’ regime. Moreover there was plenty of concern within Argentina that the Peru-Bolivian Confederation could consolidate its position and eclipse the Confederation and become the dominate power in South America.

However, the confederation of Peru-Bolivia was not consolidated. There was deep divisions between the Peruvians and Bolivians. Thus with the army fresh from the victory from the war with Brazil, Rosas began to make preparations for a war with the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Moreover Argentine agents would be meeting with Peru to plan for if the Peru-Bolivian Confederation was defeated. They would get the war on March 13th 1840 when Rosas declared the annexation of Jurjuy.

This would force a conflict between the two large Confederations of South America. Argentina would march into Jurjuy and begin the war by occupying the province of Santa Rosa. The forces of Peru-Bolivia would rally against them them and march into the Argentine side of Jurjuy.

Justo José de Urquiza would be given principal command of the Argentine forces and after many months of avoiding each other forces in the mountains they would meet each other in battle at Uquia on July 10th 1840. This would result in victory for the Argentine confederation.

2jWMiV1.jpg


Skirmishes would last for the rest of the year. Argentina would move to occupy a province and in turn the Peru-Bolivian Confederation would move to reclaim or occupy another province. Round and round this went with pitch battles being avoided for the rest of the year.

With 1841 beginning, Rosas wished to end the war as soon as he possibly could. Thus a strategy of seeking out the Peru-Bolivian forces would begin. This would force first the battle of Jurjuy on January 31st 1841 again lead by Urquiza and again victory would shine down Argentina.

yOUIRuy.jpg


Skirmishes would again erupt as the Peru-Bolivian Army regrouped. Thus on April 9th they would meet at the battle of Cochinoca. This would result in a decisive victory for the Argentine Confederation. The battle of Cochinoca would be the decisive battle that the Argentine Confederation was looking for. While there would be a few skirmishes here and there, the Peru-Bolivia Confederation would never again pose a threat to Argentina.

y1x7Sde.jpg


It would take numerous months before peace would be settled out. On August 15th Argentina and the Peru-Bolivia Confederation would sign a peace treaty. The treaty would give all of Jurjuy to Argentina. However the real victory would be Peru’s rebellion against the rest of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.

In order to make sure that the war would be victorious for Peru and the Peru-Bolivian Confederation would be divided in twain, Rosas would make a deal to subsidy the war effort of the Peruvians. However though that war would last until 1843, war would eventually end in victory for Peru. Thus another threat to Argentina was removed from the picture on March 28th.

However, with Rosas attention focused on the Peru-Bolivia Confederation and the goal of dividing up that Confederation, he would pay less attention to Uruguay and the Colorados whom took advantage of the fact that Argentina was distracted and assumed control of Uruguay….

lqc3qJx.jpg
 
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So success in some areas, and setbacks in others. On balance though Argentina is strengthened, or at least not weakened especially, whilst their biggest potenial regional foes are on the back foot. That has to be good.
 
I dont know if this is a thing in the game but...Wacht out for Urquiza, the architect of the "Miracle of the House of Braganza" xD

not familar with the Miracle of the House of Braganza, but yea Urquiza is there and the whole Platine War stuff is in HFM. so yup got to to keep an eye on him.

So success in some areas, and setbacks in others. On balance though Argentina is strengthened, or at least not weakened especially, whilst their biggest potenial regional foes are on the back foot. That has to be good.

Indeed, some set backs but that setback with Uruguay is honestly worth the destruction of the PBC. the PBC if it consolidates its power in game can be a monster.

I must admit ignorance about this time frame of history and ask is this rather historical so far? Or is it better?

Largely historical so far though a few things are different, principally the timing of the war between Peru-Bolivan Confederation(1836 vs 1840) and the fact that the Rio Grande do Sul still exists. Though things are likely to diverge more as the game goes on.
 
subbed!
 
Rosas and Rivera

The victory of the Colorados in Uruguay would send shock waves throughout the Argentine confederation. The new president of Uruguay, Fructuoso Rivera hated Juan Manuel de Rosas and vice versa. These two men’s shared hatred of one another would cause conflict for the next two years. With Rivera now president of Uruguay, Manuel Oribe was sent into exile which Rosas gladly gave support to. In fact, Rosas refused to regonize Rivera as President of Uruguay and claimed that Oribe was instead the rightful president deposed by a vicious caudilio.

However the more pressing matter was the issue of Corrientes. The governor and frankly Cauadilio of the province, Juan Genaro Berón de Astrada, had decided that he would support Rivera against Rosas and Oribe. Astrada had long resented the fact that he did not own a proper sea-side port in contrast to Entre Rios or Buenos Aires. Thus with the support of Rivera, Astrada lead a rebellion against the Argentine Confederation.

Thus on September 15th 1843 the armies of the Confederation would be rallied again and civil war rage once again within Argentina. Thankfully for the future of the confederation the only people that rallied to the side of Astrada was his province of Corrientes, the rest of the provinces instead refused to join in on the conflict. Skirmishing would be the principal form of conflict as order was being restored to the rebellious region.

Finally on June 18th the battle of Paraná was fought not that far from the city of Paraná. Here the Confederation forces was once again commanded by Justo Jose de Urquiza while the forces of the confederation were lead by Roberto Avellaneda. Roberto Avellaneda was trying to strike and take out Entre Rios and hoped by doing so Corrientes could then move onto Buenos Aires and deliver the final blow. This battle would mark the end of the Corrientes rebellion. For Avellaneda brought the forces of Corrientes to their grave. Urquiza would spend the next few months trying to deal with left over rebels but on the 10th of October 1844 this little uprising was at an end.

7p0JqbL.jpg


It should be noted that during this time, Rosas made a surprising decision. The government of Paraguay decided that it would officially declare independence from the Argentine Confederation. Now for all real purposes Paraguay had been independent since the wars against the Spanish Empire. Despite being independent since 1811, Argentina in its various forms still claimed that Paraguay was just a province of Argentina. Rosas decided to surprise everyone by recognizing Paraguay’s claim of independence. That said he did insisted that Misones was part of Argentina which Paraguay naturally refused. With the war against the rebellious Juan Genaro Berón de Astrada and in order to reward Urquiza for his loyalty, the province of Corrientes was given over to Entre Rios. This would begin the process of strengthening Urquiza’s power.

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Furthermore with the conflict with Corrientes over, Rosas was able to formalize the border between the Confederation and Bolivia. It did require giving up the province of Tarija to Boliva however Bolivia agreed to give up her claims to the rest of Jurjuy. The agreement of this border treaty was the beginning of friendship between Bolivia and Argentina.

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The tension between Rivera and Rosas would continue to boil till it exploded on March 26th 1845 when it would explode into war. However unfortunately for Rivera, he was surrounded by enemies on all side for the republic of the Rio Grande do Sul pledged their support to Argentina and entered the war on the confederation’s behalf. This was a war that Rosas was looking for as a way to restore Manuel Oribe back to the presidency of Uruguay.

However, the gamble to take on the Argentine Confederation would backfire dramatically against Rivera and the Uruguayan government. For barely four months later on July 21st Rivera would be forced into exile himself and Manuel Oribe would become the President of Uruguay again. However, while some around Rosas suggested that Oribe have more control over Uruguay similar to Rosas. Rosas decided to be magnanimous and restored him without interfering in the government of Uruguay in an attempt to prevent more rebels from creating chaos within Uruguay. With the victory Rosas was able to sign a formal treaty with Bolivia that would create an alliance between the Confederation and Bolivia.
 
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