The Great Diadochi War
313 BCE – 303 BCE
After the Third Battle of Arbela, Seleukos was forced to relocate briefly to Babylon, in order to rebuild and strengthen his army, and to appease the local elites, in order to avoid a dangerously likely insurrection. Thus he was unable to continue offensives until 312 BCE. On the other hand, Leonnatos, Kassandros and Philotas were still around in Syria and Phoenicia, wanting to wage a battle against Ptolemaios and Laomedon. The road from Egypt to Syria was almost cut, and Ptolemaios was on the wrong side of the Euphrates. Thus he moved back towards Syria, in order to keep his foothold in the region, so that he could support Seleukos in his bid to march towards Susa and Persis. Ptolemaios made his way to the Orontes, where he faced Kassandros, Leonnatos and Philotas. In a long battle, he was ultimately defeated by the veterans of Antipatros, and forced to retreat back to Mesopotamia. Kassandros occupied Damascus, while Leonnatos took Nicephorion. Contact between Syria and Egypt was lost, but not before enough gold and silver had been transited from the treasuries of Seleukos and Laomedon, to fund a new army and navy to defend Egypt.
In Asia Minor, the offensive of Antigonos, Menandros and Lysimakhos continued to gain ground. The Phrygian and Bithynian tribals put up a ferocious fight, but Gordion and Daskyleion still fell. Eumenes marched quickly along the Royal Road to Ancyra, where he was ready to face the Antigonid Army. As Asandros was threatening to attack from Halicarnassos, backed up by the Antipatrid fleet, Menandros had to send a detachment there, reducing the advantage of the combined army. With a skilled defense in the mountainous terrain, Eumenes was able to stop the advance, retaining the heartlands of Cappadocia and Paphlagonia as his powerbase. Antigonos moved back to winter quarters. Leonnatos also arrived from Syria, taking up camp with Eumenes at Ancyra. An Armenian army was also dispatched to reinforce them. The Armenian King Mithrenes received gifts and the Persian princess Amastris from Eumenes in return for broad support. The battle for Asia Minor had only seen its first clashes.
Lysimakhos’s mistake of leaving Thrace for the Asian mainland proved to be almost disastrous. Seuthes refused to join him in his war, claiming to be busy with the barbarians. Only a token force was sent south to Larissa. Polyperchon invaded, in turn, defeating the Lysimachid army at Philippi, annexing the colony to Macedon proper. The fleets of Macedon and Leonnatos were enough to keep hold over the Hellespont, and thus Lysimakhos was starting to run out of silver to pay his men, even though he controlled most of the Hellespontine Satrapy. The war would prove to be hard for him. In Larissa, his wife Nikaia, sister of the ruler of Greece and Macedon, Kassandros, was known to gather influence for herself in the absence of her husband.
In 312, Antigonos campaigned along the coast, taking Pamphylia and pushing into Cilicia, killing Philotas in the battle of Tarsos, as nobody was sending troops to aid him, Kassandros being too busy in Syria and Eumenes and Leonnatos in the north. Kassandros used his fleet to launch a campaign to seize control of most Ionian islands and parts of Lydia and Caria from Menandros, installing Asandros as his loyal governor in those areas. Leonnatos attacked Lysimakhos with Eumenes, forcing him to abandon Alexandria Hellespontica and Daskyleion. Revolts broke out in Southern Greece, funded by agents of Ptolemaios, and Polyperchon had to engage them instead of advancing in Thrace. Kassandros continued to expand his foothold in Syria, driving the Satrap Laomedon away, first to Egypt, from where he was able to fleet to Cyprus. He joined Nicocreon of Salamis in building a pro-Ptolemaic faction on the island, while trying to court Antigonos.
Having secured his back, Seleukos marched southwards to face Peithon, joined by parts of the Ptolemaic army. The battle of Alexandria Susiana was a disaster for Peithon, who was forced to flee by ship to Carmania. In the two following years, Seleukos was able to secure most of Susa and Persis, with Persis going to Peukestas, whom he made his Satrap. The Oxioi King Madates also became his subject, though the barbarian retained much freedom. Peithon moved to Media to build a new army, and finished the siege of the Caspian Gate in 310, sending the captives to Bactria or integrating them in his army. Seleukid invasion of Media failed in both 309 and 308, as Atropates stayed loyal to Peithon, and the Peithonid army knew the terrain better. Thus Seleukos gave up further attempts and focused his efforts on the West and on helping Ptolemaios.
Tylos continued to be held by Nearkhos, who fostered Alexandros’s son Heracles there, with his mother Barsine. Nearkhos stayed neutral in the war after the defeat of Peithon, and used his fleet to fight off a Seleukid naval operation in 308. After that he retook Omana and established trade links with India. A number of Greek and Persian colonies were established in the region, but Nearkhos’s rule remained very limited nevertheless.
Between 311 and 309, the war in Asia was mostly locked down in a series of indecisive battles between Eumenes and Antigonos. Eumenes retook Gordion, but failed to reclaim the rest of Phrygia, while Antigonos continued to build up his strength and a navy. Leonnatos perished in 308, in a battle against Lysimkahos outside Illion. For a brief period a civil war was fought in Bithynia, and in the end Pythodoris with the support of Eumenes assumed the kingdom for the son of Leonnatos, after Ziboetes had been poisoned. Bithynia under Pythodoris and Amyntas continued to be an ally of Eumenes, and Eumenes allowed them to annex the Hellespontine Phrygia. The Kingdom quickly became highly Hellenized in turn.
Discontent with his performance in the war against Eumenes, Lysimakhos and Antigonos plotted to have Menandros killed. He was poisoned in 309, but his son Attalus was able to regain control, joining the faction of Eumenes. In turn his lands were invaded by Lysimakhos and Antigonos, whom he fought off with Eumenes and Kassandros’s navy. Kassandros however refused to return the Ionian islands and coastal cities to him, much to his disappointment. However, he continued to support Eumenes nevertheless. The two tried to root Lysimakhos out of Illion in 307, but failed. Mithrenes died in 306, but his son Orontes III stood loyal to Eumenes.
An Antigonid-Ptolemaic Fleet was able to cause nuisance to Kassandros, whose position in Syria continued to grow harder and harder. He left in 310, leaving command to Tlepolemos. Problems in Europe required his attention, as Polyperchon had failed to advance in Thrace, and the Epirotes had dethroned Aiakides, and the realm had fallen to civil war between a faction supporting Aiakides’s son Pyrrhos and a faction supporting Olympias and the son of Kleopatra. Neoptolemos II, who had been installed in Molossia. For two years Kassandros campaigned there, finally fighting off the faction in 307, capturing Olympias and Neoptolemos II. Kleopatra, as a wife of Ptolemaios, had stayed behind in Egypt. Kassandros’s brother Pleistarkhos had been executed by the Epirotes under Olympias’s directives, as he was captured earlier in the war. Thus in revenge Kassandros had Olympias executed, while Neoptolemos II was confined in Pella, to be used in negotiations with Ptolemaios.
This triggered a civil war in Greece, as supports of the Antipatrids and the Argeads aligned with Olympias finally faced each other. Kassandros was supported by his brothers, the northern tribes and the former lieutenants of Perdikkas, while Polyperchon, long discontent with Kassandros’s ambitions, joined the other faction. He was most likely bribed by Antigonos and Ptolemaios. Kassandros defeated the rebel army in the north, driving it first to Athens in 306 and then to Corinth, where it received aid by the reformed Antigonid-Ptolemaic Fleet. In Athens Kassandros established a certain Lachares as a tyrant. The event coincided with the attack of Seleukos and Ptolemaios into Syria, as the rebuilt Seleukid Army was able to rout Tlepolemos and the Phoenicians. Instead of waging war with the Phoenicians, Ptolemaios agreed to leave them alone. Officially they remained aligned with Kassandros, but didn’t join the fight any longer. The army of Tlepolemos returned to Rhodos, even though the Ptolemaic and Antigonid Fleets tried to stop it. Heavy casualties were suffered by the fleet of Cassander, and Ptolemaios, now back in Egypt, and Antigonos decided to launch a campaign to first seize Rhodos and then use it as a base to attack Greece.
Under Demetrius, after the event called the Poliorcetes, the joint navy besieged Rhodos from 306 to 304, in vain. The strong walls of Rhodos proved to be too hard to break, but the Macedonian fleet again suffered heavy casualties. This allowed Lysimakhos to return to Thrace, in order to threaten Kassandros. The Pellan garrison led by Alketas however forced him away. The final battle between Eumenes and Antigonos was fought in 305 on the Ipsus in Phrygia. A slight defeat for Eumenes and Attalus confirmed Antigonos new position, with only minimal cessions. Eumenes continued to hold power of the larger part of Asia Minor, but Antigonos gained parts of Phrygia, Caria and Cilicia. Eumenes turned east and in 304 fought off Seleukos outside of Melitene, establishing a peace there too. Antigonos built Stratonikeia, named after his wife, there. Antigonos also declared peace with Kassandros, both left with the territory they held at that moment, as fighting in Caria came to an end.
Kassandros attacked Corinth in 305, killing Polyperchon. His son Alexandros continued to face Kassandros in the region until 303. He was allied closely with Antigonos and Ptolemaios. However, friction happened between Antigonos and Ptolemaios, after Ptolemaios annexed Syria for himself. Laomedon, whose daughter was married to Demetrios, asked Antigonos for help, but Antigonos (wisely) decided to not attack Ptolemaios for such a reason. The alliance however came to an end, and Antigonos established peace with Pella. As a reward for his help, Ptolemaios granted northern Syria to Seleukos, who establishd Apamea there. Cyprus was increasingly dominated, economically and politically, by Nicocreon of Salamis, who was an ally of both Antigonos and Ptolemaios.
While the Greeks fought each other, Rome strengthened in Italy, and Syracuse under Agathocles fought Carthage. For a brief moment, Ophellas, the Ptolemaic governor of the Pentapolis had joined him, declaring himself the Tyrant of Cyrene. The two fought Carthage for many years, until they were defeated. Ophellas in turn was executed by agents of Ptolemaios, who re-established more freedom for the Pentapolis, which remained somewhat aligned with Egypt. Agathocles declared himself King of Sicily in 304, and took Theoxena, daughter of the Antipatrid Berenike as a wife, in order to build relations with the somewhat victorious Kassandros.
By 303, all fighting in Europe ended, as peace or more like a truce, was agreed to by all sides. The questions that had originally started the fighting mostly remaind unaddressed. Of the royals, only Olympias and Kynane (due to natural causes) had perished, as Philip III and Alexandros IV remained as the official kings of Macedon, backed by Kassandros and Ptolemaios respectively. Roxana and Eurydike, however, had little say of the matters. And Nearkhos and Herakles were ignored by quite much everyone. Lysimakhos, who had come close to defeat many times, surprisingly came out of the war with the acquisition of Illion and a few other cities in Asia, but with the loss of Philippi and the Odrysian who declared full independence. A campaign in 305 against them was a total failure, and Lysimakhos had to give his daughter Kassandra in marriage to their new ruler Kotys. In 304 Larissa was renamed Lysimakheia. Attalos remained in Pergamon, and the Bithynians were ruled by Amyntas who now asserted his rule, ready to keep up his father’s legacy among Macedonian and Greek politics. As Antigonos grew older and older, his son Demetrios started to control more of the affairs of state. He was far more liked by the subjects and by the other Diadochi, and thus a sudden new attack, even by Eumenes, was unlikely. Demetrios strengthened the navy and the army, but was also known for his extravagant life style involving numerous concubines and hetairai. He took Eurydike of Athens, widow of the deceased Ophellas as a wife and Lamia of Athens as a hetaera.
Eumenes created a deeper alliance with the Oronitds by marrying one of his daughters, Laodike, to King Orontes III. Eumenes was able to preserve the balance between the tribes, the Persians and the Greek settlers, enjoying his prosperous and well administrated kingdom. He created a number of colonies on the Pontos, and established close ties with the Bosporan Kingdom. His allies in Pergamon and Bithynia helped him secure a wide say in the matters of the Hellenistic World, even though he was located in the periphery. Cyprus was more or less divided between the closer Ptolemaic ally Eunostos and Nicocreon who was more independent, but still a friend of both Antigonos and Ptolemaios.
In the east things had taken a very surprising turn around 308. Pharsman usurped his father’s position, claiming that his father was weakened by diseases and not a strong Parthian horselord. Pharsman resigned from the informal alliance with Peithon, and waged war on the eastern satraps. The few Greek soldiers fled to Bactria or Media, and quickly Persian rule was re-established in Drangiana and Aria, and in Arachosia and Gedrosia. In 305, Pharsman invaded Bactria, but was defeated by the likewise independent Philippos at the river Oxus. Pharsman was content with only claiming Margiana and returned to Parthia. In 304 he declared himself the King of Parthians, Friend of Greeks and the Autocrat, and began minting his own coins at the Greek colony called Phrataphernia. Oxyartes joined him, though remained largely independent in his mountainous realm.
Around the same time, the Indian Emperor Sandrokottos invaded the remaining eastern satrapies, fighting for a few years with Pharsman, before being content with the extent of his rule. He concluded a peace treaty with both Pharsman and Seleukos, marrying a Parthian noblewoman and Seleukos’s daughter Apama. Both Seleukos and Pharsman gained a few hundred war elephants and numerous valuables as gifts. Sandrokottos also sent the son of Peithon, Mahendros, as an envoy to Babylon. Media remained split between the part ruled by Atropates and the part ruled by Peithon, even though the two were closely allied. Seleukos attempted one last invasion in 304, before finally making a peace with the two. A strong Macedonian-Median army had been built at Ektabana over the years, with colonies and settlements of veterans dotting the surrounding plain. Though it was obvious that the ambitious man wasn’t yet content with the reach of his rule. However, just like in the west, the war had taken its toll, and for now everyone would have to focus on establishing their rule in their domains. The fact that the Parthians and Armenians had already rebelled made the efforts far harder. In Bactria and Sogdia, Philippos continued to create trade links with the basin to the east of the Imaus, and established numerous new colonies in the region. The area had however lost most contact with rest of the Greeks, which greatly troubled the new rulers of the land of a thousand cities.
The Hellenistic World in 303 BCE
The important characters
King of Makedonia: Philippos III Arrhidaios
Philippos III Arrhidaios
Played by: NPC
Age: 56
Culture: Makedonian
Family: Son: Philippos (11) Daughter: Eurydike (11) Wife: Eurydike (34) Sisters: Kynane (deceased), Kleopatra (54) Thessalonike (42) Brother: Alexandros the Great of Makedon (deceased)
King of Makedonia: Alexandros IV (At Memphis)
Alexandros IV
Played by: NPC
Age: 19
Culture: Makedonian
Family: Father: Wife: Kleopatra (16) Alexandros Megas (deceased) Mother: Roxana (40) Grandfather: Oxyartes (65)
In Macedon and Greece:
Kassandros
Played by: Harpsichord
Age: 55
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Wife: Thessalonike (42) Sons: Philippos (13), Antipatros (11), Iollas (7) Daughters: Phila (8) Father: Antipatros (deceased) Uncle: Kassandros (deceased) Brothers: Iollas (48) Pleistarkhos (deceased) Philippos (32) Nikanor (28) Alexarchos (26) Triparadeisos (23) Sisters: Phila (49) Eurydike (48) Nikaia (32)
Antipatrid Phrourarch of Pellan Garrison:
Alketas
Played by:
Age: 55
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Wife: Berenike (37) Stepson: Magas (17) Stepdaughter: Antigone (19), Theoxena (16, married to Agathocles) Brother: Perdikkas (deceased) Sister: Atalante (50) Niece: Arsinoe (19, daughter of Perdikkas)
Tribe of Taulantii (Under Kassandros)
Tyrant: Glaucias
Glaucias
Played by: NPC
Age: 45
Culture: Illyrian
Family: Wife: Beroea (39)
Tribe of Paionia (Under Kassandros)
Tyrant: Patraus
Patraus
Played by: NPC
Age: 52
Culture: Paionian
Family: Wife: Phila (49) Son: Audoleon (27) Daughter: Tryphaena (15) Son: Antipatros (12)
In Peleponnesos (allied with Ptolemaios):
Alexandros
Played by: NPC
Age: 44
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Wife: Kratesipolis (30) Father: Polyperchon (deceased)
King of Epeiros: Pyrrhos
Pyrrhos
Played by: NPC
Age: 16
Culture: Epirote
Family: Wife: Antigone (19) Father: Aiakides (deceased) Mother: Phthia (42) Sisters: Deidamia (20), Troas (19) Uncle: Alketas (deceased)
In Thrace:
Lysimakhos
Played by: alexander23
Age: 57
Culture: Aeolic
Family: Wife: Nikaia (32) Sons: Alexandros (12) UNNAMED (10), UNNAMED (7) Daughters: Kassandra (16), UNNAMED (9), UNNAMED (8)
Concubine: Macris (27) Bastard Son: Alexandros (11)
Tribe of Odrysae
Tyrant: Seuthes
Seuthes
Played by: NPC
Kotys: 21
Culture: Thracian
Family: Wife: Kassandra (16) Brothers: Rhebulas (17) Hebryzelmis (13) Teres (10) Father: Seuthes (deceased)
Kingdom of Bithynia
King: Amyntas
Amyntas
Played by: tyriet
Age: 17
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Mother: Pythodoris (38) Father: Leonnatos (deceased) Sister: Nike (11)
In Pergamon:
Attalus
Played by: Watercress
Age: 29
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Father: Menandros (deceased) Mother: Berenike (56) Sister: Agathe (25)
In Halicarnassos (under Kassandros):
Asandros
Played by:
Age: 59
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Brother: Agathon (52) Nephew: Asandros (35)
In Southern Asia Minor:
Antigonos
Played by: Aedan
Age: 79
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Wife: Stratonike (71) Sons: Demetrios (34) Philippos (32) Nephews: Ptolemaios (54), Telesphoros (51)
Demetrios: Wives: Laodameia (35), Eurydice of Athens (31) Sons: Antigonos (10), Kyrillos (7), Anatolios (5), Tryphon (3) Daughters: Euphemia (11), Stratonike (9), Helena (6), Galene (2) Hetaira: Lamia (27), Bastards: Many
In Northern Asia Minor:
Eumenes
Played by: Mathrim
Age: 59
Culture: Ionic
Family: Wives: Artonis (55) Mahdokht (37) Eurydike (48) Sons: Archelaos (18) Miltiades (13) UNNAMED (9) Daughters: Laodike (16, married to King Orontes III) Helena (14), Philotera (13), UNNAMED (10), UNNAMED (7)
Polis of Soli (Subject to Egypt)
Tyrant: Eunostos
Eunostos
Played by: Maxwell
Age: 54
Family: Wifes: Phaedra (35), Sons: UNNAMED (9), UNNAMED (5) Daughters: UNNAMED (7), UNNAMED (4) Brother: Nikokles (52) Uncle: Stasanor (deceased)
Culture: Arcadian
Polis of Salamis (Somewhat more independent)
Tyrant: Nicocreon
Nicocreon
Played by: baboush
Age: 50
Family: Son: Teukros (17)
Culture: Arcadian
In Egypt
Ptolemaios
Played by: Revan529
Age: 64
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Wives: Artakama (58), Kleopatra (54) Son: Ptolemaios (17) Daughter: Kleopatra (16) Brother: Menelaos (56) Hetaera: Thais (49) Bastard Sons: Lagus (20), Leontiscus (19), Bastard Daughter: Eirene (19)
In Babylonia and Syria
Seleukos
Played by: Sneakyflaps
Age: 55
Culture: Makedonian
Family: Wife: Apama (41) Sons: Antiochos (20), Achaeus (10), UNNAMED (7), UNNAMED (5) Daughters: Apama (17, married to Sandrokottos), Phila (9), Laodike (4) Sister: Didymeia (deceased)
Seleukid Satrap of Persia
Peukestas
Played by: Bialaska
Age: 56
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Wives: Chryssa (48), Philinna (50), Azaze (49) Sons: Alexandros (24), Demetrios (16) Daughter: Alexia (29), Parysatis (16)
In Greater Media
Peithon
Played by: Dadarian
Age: 52
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Sons: Karanos (17), Peithon (7), Eudamos (5) Daughter: Apotheosa (9) Wife: Frenay (42) Brother: Eudamos (56)
In Lesser Media
Atropates
Played by:
Age: 67
Culture: Persian
Family: Daughter: Frenay (42) Son: Bardiya (30)
King of Parthia
King: Phrataphernes
Phrataphernes
Played by: Shynka
Age: 42
Culture: Persian
Family: Father: Phrataphernes (deceased), Wife: Artemisia (40), Sons: Phrataphernes (16), UNNAMED (7), UNNAMED (5) Daughters: UNNAMED (11), UNNAMED (8)
In Paropamisia (Under Parthia)
Oxyartes
Played by: Sealy300
Age: 65
Culture: Bactrian
Family: Wife: Lrohominan (59) Sons: Histanes (41) Oxyartes (38) Bagoas (36) Daughters: Roxana (40) Oxartrinia (38, married to Sandrokottos)
In Bactria and Sogdiana
Philippos
Played by: Noco19
Age: 53
Culture: Macedonian
Family: Son: Harpalus (38)
Harpalus: Wife: Atossa (33), Sons: UNNAMED (9), UNNAMED (7), UNNAMED (3) Daughters: UNNAMED (11), UNNAMED (5)
In Tylos:
Nearkhos
Played by: NPC
Age: 45
Culture: Doric
Family: Wife: Phaidyme (45) Son: Lagoras (10)
GM NOTE: IT IS ALIVE. Please IC and fill in any gaps you want addressed (consult with me, if necessary), and also prepare for a new stat and game change. This will be more of a nation game from now on, I’d assume. New stats will be done during this week.