Game log files are in Documents/Paradox Interactive/Stellaris/ and Documents/Paradox Interactive/Stellaris/logs/
Launcher log files are in C:/users/<UserName>/AppData/Local/Paradox Interactive/launcher-v2/
Neither of them log mod installation or use though!
I just installed 2 mods from the PDX mods site by subscription there. One only made a file ucg_xxxxxx.mod , the other a folder pdx_22373 and file pdx_22373.mod , that's all. Neither have the descriptor file you mention. They both appear to work fine.
Something in my reply keeps triggering the antispam/antibot... so I'm going to have to post it in pieces to figure out what it is...
First, are you sure of that?
%localappdata%\Paradox Interactive\launcher-v2\logs\cpatch.log contains a reference to the {guid} folder that is created when I download the mod. There is (what appears to me to be) a meaningful log entry in cpatch.log
I found this starting point in the logs that references the {guid}
(see cpatch.log.txt attached)
Within that folder is the _keys folder with a public.gpg (I didn't mention this before because I wasn't certain of its relevance.)
When you google this it says it's a GnuPG public key
-- but this is where it downloads the repository.json and repository.json.asc
ergo, the cpatch.log does contain mod installation data.
The most relevant line appears to be
2022-06-20 10:26:08 [daemon] [ERROR] patch size: downloading repo metadata: failed to verify repository.json signature: openpgp: signature made by unknown entity
The failure seems to be a GnuPG signature issue on the downloaded mod. (Probably not even on the mod itself, but instead the repository.json that tells the patcher what files need to be retrieved in order for the mod to be successfully installed.)
The repository.json contains inferences to something that should be downloaded and version info
If you look up the mod (When I attempt to mention paradox plaza dot com the antispam tech prevents me from posting a reply-- so I can't post a link to the mod... but it's 1166... the name of the mod is in the first post.)
You will find that this mod has had 26 versions (just like the repository.json indicates)
The dates of the mod versions line up with the repository.json file. (see attached copy)
The contents of the repository.json.asc is a PGP signature in ascii format. Presumably this is the signature that fails to validate against the downloaded repository.json.
Clearly this isn't an internet issue, and it's also not a system permissions issue.