Chapter XX - The Fourth Crusade (1249-1260)
An unusually thick mist had descended upon Córdoba that morning. The city was quiet in anticipation of the storm which would be coming. But this would be a storm unlike anything the Hayyids had ever witnessed before. A storm of steel and blood.
The court was quiet. Its members shared nervous glances among one another. Not one word would be spoken of the war that was about to take place. Badshah Abu-Bakr II, however, was nowhere to be seen in the castle grounds. He had long left to lead his armies on the field of battle and was now likely on a ship half-way to Egypt. It was then that the messenger came bursting through the door, handing a very official-looking envelope to regent Abbas. The crusaders were coming…
Christian prices across Europe had signed up to the struggle and one among them was the King of Aragon right at the Hayyid border. Nearly 30,000 Aragonese and Templar soldiers were massing at Zaragoza. If the Hayyids could put a dent in that number before they reached Egypt it would go a long way to aiding the defence of Egypt. A scouting force was sent north to harry the aggressors.
But it seemed most of the army had already escaped north across the Pyrenees by the time Captain Hilal’s army reached Aragon. Only around 8,500 men remained behind to put down a rebellion and guard the region. But Hilal would drive them into retreat all the same. The numbers were against the Hayyids and they would take any victory they could get.
Meanwhile in Egypt Christian forces were already landing. 22,000 Papal forces, primarily composed of volunteer knights and peasants, had made their way to Cyrenaica and had already got the jump on the Hayyid defenders. 5,000 men lost in an instant.
But mere months into the crusade it seemed that Pope Innocentius II had dropped dead, his replacement Alexander III, however, was more than willing to continue his predecessor's campaign. Mockingly, the new Pope soon sent a new letter addressed to the Badshah. Enclosed within were the terms of the Hayyid surrender. The war had only just begun and now the Pope believed he had already won. The audacity of this man! The terms were rejected out of hand and an insulting letter was handwritten by Abu-Bakr in return.
Though the advanced Egyptian force had been slaughtered reinforcements led by Abu-Bakr himself were not far behind though but by the time they arrived, the Crusader numbers had ballooned. Nearly 40,000 men were now besieging Egypt. More mercenaries would be needed if the Hayyids were to stand any chance.
Ton-Tigi mercenaries were drafted in to bolster the numbers and they soon got to work in the drive towards the Nile. 10,000 Templars fell at Jalu and soon the Hayyid army was pushing to free Alexandria.
By June of 1253 a defensive line had been established on the western bank of the Nile. Christian forces continued to mass in the east however. 50,000 troops from all manner of Christian states laid waste to Egypt. The numbers were not looking good. If the Hayyids were to win this war they would have to be careful. One wrong move could end the war then and there. They would have to force their enemy into making a mistake.
And it did not take long for that mistake to materialise. Embolden by the strength of their forces, the Holy Roman Emperor marched his host across the Nile and into Marabout hoping to retake Alexandria.
The Emperor’s hubris had seemed to have gotten the better of him. Before long the entire Hayyid force on the left bank had descended upon the province sending the Germans to the slaughter. But the battle was not without its own losses. The Badshah had been horrifically wounded in the melee and was rushed back to camp for treatment. His generals would have to continue the fight on their own.
But by 1254 the enemy was massing at the lower Nile as well. Over 10,000 Flemish forces had made their way to Isna and if not dealt with they had the potential to flank the defenders. 20,000 troops were sent down to deal with them at the expense of the northern front which began to buckle under the weight of the enemy.
Seeing how the Hayyids had caught the attention of the flanking manoeuvre, 23,000 Papal forces moved south in an attempt to retain the Christian gains at Isna. But they would all fall just like the rest.
Having sent who knows how many troops into a retreat the Christian numbers in northern Egypt were dwindling. Though so were the Hayyids. 30,000 loyal soldiers remained but this would not be enough to see out the war. Yet more mercenaries would be needed. Soon the mammoth amount of gold the Hayyids had built up over generations was dwindling at an obscene rate. A necessary sacrifice to keep Egypt out of infidel hands. With only around 17,000 Christian troops left in Sinai, the Hayyids pressed their advantage, hoping to rid Egypt of the infidel, at least for the time being.
By now Abu-Bakr II was back on the battlefield, though looking a little worse for wear. Whilst still recovering from his infected wounds the sight of their ruler on the battlefield worked wonders for the men who had become a little downtrodden by the infinite wave of Christian soldiers that seemed to be coming at them. The men's morale had begun to rebound.
At Agruda the final Christian army made up of Croatians clashed steel with the Hayyids. Abu-Bakr II’s leadership proved vital to the battle. Cheers rang out among the soldiers as the last of the Christians fled. But this was not nearly the end. This was merely the end of the beginning.
Over the next few years, Hayyid forces slowly set about retaking their lost provinces. Control was slowly returning to Egypt, but the war was not over. Both sides were merely gathering their strength for the second wave.
And by May of 1256 it had arrived. 35,000 fresh Christian soldiers from Norway, Germany, and Rome had arrived with more on the way.
The Christians were engaged at al-Baratoun and Tobruk, but this only thinned out their numbers. Smaller swarms continued to pour into Egypt.
It was at this point that Abu-Bakr II realised that a change in strategy was needed. No matter how many men were killed, how many armies routed, the Christians kept coming back. The Pope himself was still convinced he was winning this war, despite holding few provinces in Egypt and having almost all of his personal forces wiped out. The Pope remained seated in his lavish palace of San Pietro far away from the fighting where his men bled and died by the thousands. He had no understanding of the destruction he had unleashed upon Egypt. He would have to be made to understand.
20,000 mercenaries were contracted at Córdoba. The Hayyid treasury, almost nonexistent thanks to the huge demands placed on it by the war would have to cope. The spoils of war would need to feed the men now. With no hope of ending the war through fighting in Egypt alone, Abu-Bakr took the decision to greenlight a raid on Rome. The sight of thousands of Muslim mercenaries bearing down on the capital of Christendom, raiding and burning the Pontiff’s personal holdings was sure to make the Pope understand.
In the meantime, the fighting continued in Egypt. 30,000 Hayyid troops would have to hold the line. There was no more money or men for reinforcements. Fortunately, Christian forces were now scattered into much smaller armies making them more of a nuisance than a capable fighting force. All it meant was that the Hayyids would have to beat them all one by one whilst yet more land fell to the Christians.
Ultimately, the army would have to be split in two. With the number of Christian forces diminishing Abu-Bakr II now believed it safe enough for one army to focus on the enemy whilst a second sought to retake the provinces. By early 1260 much of Egypt was back under Hayyid rule, though around 20,000 Christians remained and were making their way back inland. Whilst Pisan forces were hit at Tinnis, the Bohemians were now marching into the Sinai. The horde didn’t seem to be stopping.
Fortunately for the Badshah, his efforts to launch a Roman campaign had paid off. Mercenary raids across the Papal state had truly shown the Pope the terror that the Hayyids could inflict. Fleeing north into Germany the Pope was forced to watch on as Islamic forces laid waste to one of the holiest cities in Christendom. Abu-Bakr II had repeated what the Arabs had done in 846. He had brought the war to the Pontiffs doorstep.
Over the next few months the remaining Hayyid forces mopped up what little resistance remained in Egypt and though more Christian soldiers continued to pour into the territory their numbers remained too small to have any major impact. In Rome, the mercenary army was forced to disband due to monetary concerns on the part of the Hayyids, but the damage was already done. For all intents and purposes, Abu-Bakr II was in control of the city. The writing was on the wall for the third Pope of the war, Innocentius III. And so it was that in July of 1260 after ten long years of fighting, the Fourth Crusade finally came to an end. Egypt was Hayyid territory. And now the realm, truly battered, bruised and without a copper to its name, would have to begin the slow process of rebuilding.
Map of the known world circa 1260: