Whereas in recent updates I’ve tended to explain battle sequences one theatre at a time, to avoid confusion, this update only really works chronologically. Sorry for switching back and forth between theatres, but it can’t be helped! After this – within a week or two – I hope to have an update on
Chita and her crew!
In mid-March, 1941, the Caribbean Sea was the site of two struggles – minor by comparison to the battles which had raged across Europe, which was now quiet, but major in terms of the single-division combats which characterized the Portuguese advance. Efforts to reduce the isolated British division on Jamaica continued, with sporadic fighting, followed by rest which could only benefit the Portuguese, followed by more sharp combat.
Operating from Barbados, Gen. Coutinho was successfully concluding his campaign to prize the British 33rd out of St. George. Gen. Ismay surrendered on the 20th of March, and the 21st Infantry paused while considering its next move.
In southern Africa, Portuguese forces were mopping up the last two British divisions which had become trapped in Bechuanaland. Meanwhile, others pressed north out of the Rift Valley toward Lake Victoria and Mombassa, along the coast.
Despite the known presence of a British aircraft carrier, Portuguese transports continued to try to leapfrog infantry along the African coast, with the eventual goal of linking up with the Italians in Somalia. Other units marched north overland. Mombassa, and the British naval base there, would be the next major target, commencing around the beginning of April.
To the east, Japanese tanks and infantry had made a landing on the Chinese island of Hainan, and were forcing their way north into Guangxi territory. Meanwhile, the Portuguese in Macao were finalizing plans for a new attempt to seize British Hong Kong (the previous attempt having been aborted before it began, being found impractical due to the imbalance of forces which existed at the time).
On the 29th of March, after a number of days of bombing by Portuguese tactical bombers, an amphibious invasion of Hong Kong was initiated with four brigades of infantry against Britain’s undersize garrison. There was a strong feeling that the British had no naval assets, by then, with which to resist these landings. If this were true, and the invasion were allowed to continue, it still promised to be a long campaign to support the beachhead and allow it to drive inland.
Since the Portuguese had recently secured British Nigeria, sufficient troops were freed from duty so that they could be directed against the final occupation of the remaining Free French territory in Africa – Gabon. This operation proceeded through March and April, culminating in the surrender on 11 April of the Free French command at Lambarene (a theatre-level command HQ).
By mid-April, the Bechuanaland operation was near victory, with a win at Bulawayo. In the north, the Portuguese advanced toward Nairobi and Mombassa. Their progress was harassed by the presence of British naval aircraft, which would conduct limited pinprick attacks. Portuguese air squadrons were unable to respond, as they were busy elsewhere.
In Hong Kong, the success of the whole operation probably hinged upon the combined action of all Portuguese bomber assets – the tactical bombers which had begun the campaign, and the naval air units which had been withdrawn from convoy raiding duties off the Portuguese coast. The troops were hard-pressed in the suburbs of Hong Kong, but were gradually moving forward against lessening resistance from the garrison there.
Back in the Caribbean, the 21st Infantry was taking advantage of an arrangement with the Vichy French to use their bases on Martinique and Guadeloupe as a springboard to attack British Antigua. With the conquest of these West Indian isles, Portuguese control over the Caribbean would be almost complete.
Jamaica still held out, of course, and they still occupied their colony in British Honduras (Belize). Trinidad also remained free and garrisoned.
Finally, after a full month of fighting, the British garrison at Hong Kong surrendered!
The British flag was lowered over the leased island, and the Portuguese flag raised. This fundamentally changed the balance of power in Asia – a sign of complete domination over the British by the Portuguese. This also prevented the Japanese from laying claim to the island outpost in the future, which was one of the fears which prompted urgency back in Lisbon.
In east Africa, by the beginning of May, the Portuguese were advancing on three fronts. The westernmost advance up the Great Rift Valley along Lake Tanganyika advanced unopposed, but slow. The easternmost, along the coast, found resistance from at least one division at any one time.
On 4 May, the 5th Cavalry found itself blocked from further advance by the British 1st Infantry, which was still smarting from combat at Nairobi, but still boasted enough strength to be an obstacle. But just days before, Mombassa had been secured, the British naval base cleared out, the remaining personnel and small craft and equipment captured, and the first tentative contacts with Italian scouts were made.
Now... Before I end this update, I want to give you a glimpse of something. What, I'm not entirely sure. The European front has been pretty quiet since the Yugoslavian and Turkish campaigns, the west being almost completely quiet except for air and naval skirmishes. I happened to observe this, one day at the end of April. Maybe it's a normal day over the British ports and cities, or maybe it's a sign of greater things to come... I'm not saying!
What you're seeing, though, is that at the very least the Germans have a significant and dominant presence over the southern British isles, and they are inflicting meaningful damage against British ships in port. Note there are transport aircraft there. Maybe they're British. Or maybe they're German...
I love cliffhangers!