The VSVR in 1850
In 1850 the VSVR was largely surrounded. To the West lay the Benelux countries, to the South the powerful Kingdom of France and to the East the German States – all of them in the pockets of the reactionary monarchs of Vienna and Berlin.
Despite this perilous geopolitical situation the Republic was amongst the most powerful states on earth. Cologne was the centre of a great philosophical movement as lefts of all colours flocked to the city and its Universities where they could freely develop new political ideas, not just being accepted by the state but being encouraged by it. The industrial might of the Ruhr also bolstered the Republic’s economy whilst the military had already shown that it was more than a match for even the infamous Prussian Army.
Even with peace with Prussia the Republic’s leaders were under no illusions that they were in any way safe. Weydemeyer was given a large standing army of some 30,000 men whilst a further 9,000 remained in reserve. The People’s Army (now more commonly referred to as the Red Army) was divided into three Corps. In the Saar one Corps of 12,000 infantrymen defended the border forts with France. In the North-East a 6,000 man Cavalry Corps kept watch whilst in Cologne a further 12,000 infantrymen maintained a central command. The army was large and was regarded by many as too large for the state to maintain. It was feared that if any serious losses were suffered then the current formations could not be replenished with fresh soldiers. The Anarchists were even arguing for a downsizing of the standing army by 9,000 men (calling for the reduction of 3,000 from each Corps).
Rhenish industry was almost entirely based on the Ruhr. Here regional laissez-faire and free trade policies had allowed the Bourgeoisie to rapidly develop the territory. Whilst they benefited from the impressive profits made in the Ruhr the newly emerged Proletarian class had been left impoverished and powerless. Now this same industry which was used as a tool of the ruling classes to keep the people down would become the centre-piece to the empowerment of the masses.
The population of the Rhineland at the start of 1850 was 3.84 million. It is important to note that the same territory had a population approaching 4.4 million just ten years before. However Prussian economic mismanagement and a lack of care for their people meant that this wealthy territory could not respond to the failure of its harvest during the early 1840s. As many as 100,000 people died whilst a further 300,000 left during the famines that stretched from 1841 until 1847. This famine is another key reason why the revolution was so much more popular with the people in 1848 as the Rhineland, more than anywhere else in Germany, had suffered terrible from the poor harvest – losing almost 10% of its population.
The majority of the working men of the Rhineland were miners; more specifically they were coal miners. These men were commonly referred to as the rural proletarians as like their urban counterparts their work made use of new technology, they were skilled and most were well educated.
Proletariat – Labourers, Craftsmen, Clerks, Bureaucrats and Educational Professionals (Clergymen in game)
Farmers – Farmers
Military Classes – Soldiers and Officers
Petite Bourgeoisie – Artisans
Ruling Classes – Aristocrats and Capitalists
As a whole the Rhineland was already solidly proletarian in character. However there still existed two major problems. Firstly there remained a ruling elite (around 2% of the population) that owned the vast majority of the nation’s wealth – this class would have to be liquidated. However the second problem was far more complex, that was the problem of the Petite Bourgeoisie. This class was what lay between the ruling classes and the people. Like the ruling classes these shopkeepers and small businessmen controlled capital and many even hired workers. However unlike the Bourgeoisie they had not grown fat off the profits of enterprise and instead earned only slightly more than the normal proletarians. Yet Marx himself theorised that the owners of capital would always be at odds with the proletariat – after all those who hired labour would always strive to keep wages as low as possible whilst the proletariat would always try to keep them as high as possible. Different factions within the People’s Party had very different views on how to solve the ‘Artisan Problem’. Some extremist advocated their liquidation along with the ruling classes, most favoured a policy of pacifly ignoring the class whilst some of the most moderate groups believed the Artisan class should even be encouraged.
The situation in the Ruhr was significantly different to that in the Rhineland as a whole. Here around 15% of the population was made up of factory workers whilst there were very few farmers. Most of the countryside was dominated by small towns and mining communities. The region also, understandably considering its more urban nature, had an even larger Artisan population than the rest of the country.
The Ruhr was regarded as being close to the societal idea by many with the People’s Party with a huge Proletarian population but a good mix of rural and urban workers. However it did have some major problems. In this most wealthy of territories an even smaller ruling elite controlled the region’s vast wealth whilst there was an even larger petty Bourgeois population. At the same time there were some fears that if the number of agricultural workers remained so low there could be problems with famines in the future.
In 1850 the VSVR was a nation of many problems but many advantages. Its ruling factions maintained a similar vision of where they wanted society to end up, but all had very different idea of how to get there.