So "supply" isn't really supply, then? Confusing.
"Supply" is all the units of a trade good produced in the world, with the province-by-province modifiers in effect. So supply is a modified "supply".
Demand is where things are a bit odd I think.
Here's a sort of optimization scheme for price manipulation:
Things to do:
Stability = 3 (1.1 Salt/Grain/Wine Demand)
Serfdom/FreeSubjects >= 1 (1.1 for Copper Supply, 0.5 for Grain Supply)
Mercantilism/FreeTrade >= 1 (0.2 for Grain Supply)
Quality/Quantity < -3 (3.0 for Fur Demand)
Gold Income % >= 10% (1.1 for non-European Good Demand)
Keep 1 artillery unit in each province (0.1 for Grain Supply and 1.1 for Copper Demand)
Build all buildings, especially regimental camps, marketplaces and refineries (lots of bonuses)
Preventative measures:
No embargoes (eliminates penalty for non-European good Demand)
Keep revolt risk at 0 (eliminates severe penalty for non-European good Demand)
Trade Income % >= 10% (eliminates penalty on Wool and Cloth Demand)
Be at peace (eliminates penalty on Fur Demand while at war)
Optional:
*if you like Catholicism, 1.2 to Fish Demand
*let yourself be looted/blockaded/conquered for modest bonuses if you like
*Choose your poison for Aristocracy/Plutocracy -- either Wool/Cloth Supply will be harmed
*consider Admiralty for a 5.0 to Naval Supplies Demand
[EDIT: What is clear is that the penalties associated with going Mercantilistic are significantly negative, and should have a big impact on the "Mercantilism v. Free Trade" debate.]
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