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The cost increase is much greater in 1.3 than in 1.2. Is there an accessible parameter to modify this?
Sure. Do NOT be ahead of time too much. If you are the leading nation in one technology spend some money on the other technologies too.

And of course the usual dependencies of technology cost that already existed in EU2, e.g.
technology cost raises the more provinces you conquer (so don´t conquer everything but pick the rich provinces),
...
 
No, there isn't. The tech cost algorithm is perhaps too complex, which means that exporting tweakable parameters is usually harder than simply changing the prices in Db/Technologies.

I might have gone too far when I made the ahead of time penalty turn from additive to multiplicative at the 20 year mark. Nothing else is nearly that penal. But let's take a look at it.

Currently the algorithm, after incorporating all other tech cost modifiers, is roughly:
Code:
if (ahead of time)
    years-factor = (number of years ahead) / 10
    if (years-factor >= 2)    // meaning 20 or more years ahead (this is the part that was added in 1.3)
        years-factor = years-factor*years-factor/2
    penalty = years-factor + 0.5
    cost = cost * (1 + penalty)

Here's a table to demonstrate how this works out in practice:
Years ahead​
Cost modifier w/square factor (1.3)​
Cost factor linear (pre-1.3)​
10​
2.5​
2.5​
11​
2.6​
2.6​
12​
2.7​
2.7​
13​
2.8​
2.8​
14​
2.9​
2.9​
15​
3​
3​
16​
3.1​
3.1​
17​
3.2​
3.2​
18​
3.3​
3.3​
19​
3.4​
3.4​
20​
3.5​
3.5​
21​
3.705​
3.6​
22​
3.92​
3.7​
23​
4.145​
3.8​
24​
4.38​
3.9​
25​
4.625​
4​
26​
4.88​
4.1​
27​
5.145​
4.2​
28​
5.42​
4.3​
29​
5.705​
4.4​
30​
6​
4.5​
31​
6.305​
4.6​
32​
6.62​
4.7​
33​
6.945​
4.8​
34​
7.28​
4.9​
35​
7.625​
5​
36​
7.98​
5.1​
37​
8.345​
5.2​
38​
8.72​
5.3​
39​
9.105​
5.4​
40​
9.5​
5.5​

As you can see, the new penalty makes no difference at the 20 year mark and doesn't really start to bite until you're at least 25 years ahead. And if you're 40+ years ahead, you can just forget it.

Here it is in chart form:
Tech costs ahead of time.PNG


I've also worked up a couple of alternatives. See what you think.
Tech costs ahead of time 2.PNG


I'm leaning towards capping the penalty at 10, since I didn't mean to make it literally impossible to progress past a certain point. But the cap of 10 might be moot in practice. What's the farthest you've ever been ahead of time in 1.3?