[Forum Game] - World in Revolution: 1861 Mk. IV

Stormbringer · Oct 5, 2017

Deployment of Spanish Forces to Uruguay

The government of Spain is concerned with the outbreak of hostilities in South America. In particular, the incursion of Brazilian forces into the territory of Uruguay is troubling, given the important commercial relationship between Spain and Uruguay. It is understood that the political situation in Brazil is unstable, and the incursion is a result of this instability, but it nevertheless poses a threat to the sovereignty of Uruguay. As such, the government of Spain has decided to fulfill the request of President Lorenzo Latorre of Uruguay for a Spanish military presence in order to safeguard Uruguayan interests.

At the direction of Minister Arsenio Martínez-Campos, a squadron of the Spanish Navy will deploy to Montevideo, under the command of Contraalmirante Patricio Montojo y Pasarón. Additionally, one brigade of marines, under the command of General Valeriano Weyler will deploy to support the Uruguayan forces. For the duration of their deployments, these forces will operate jointly with other Spanish forces deployed to the Americas, under the command of Viceroy Ramón Blanco, Commander of Spanish Forces in the Americas. Viceroy Ramón Blanco is charged with maintaining the Spanish presence in Uruguay and closely monitoring the situation there, as well as with the protection of civilians and Red Cross workers and commercial traffic.

The government of Spain expects for the political situation in Brazil to resolve itself shortly, and for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uruguay to be restored without delay.

MastahCheef117 · Oct 5, 2017

A Proclamation.
by the President of the United States of America.

WHEREAS, the great nations of South America find themselves embroiled in a grand conflict, which has come to involve various States and parties across the region, and which has entangled and enhanced the sentiments of dissent in several of the aforementioned Powers, which had added to the destabilization of the region, the unnecessary involvement of other foreign Powers, and the expansion and broadening of the general conflict to parts previously unassociated;

Now therefore I, RUTHERFORD HAYES, by the power in me vested by the authority of the national Constitution, the authority of which is derived solely from the people and States of the Union, do solemnly and forthrightly proclaim the following:

That the United States shall regard the deployment of any and all soldiers and equipment of any European Power in any of the belligerent or involved South American nations, for purposes of offensive operations, to wit: the seizure of territory and property, or the conquest of lands or countries, as a belligerent act of the highest order, and as a direct attack upon the independence and rights of self-government of the aggrieved nation, warranting a necessary response by the Department of State of the United States Government;

And furthermore, that the United States shall take any further act by any power in the Americas or in Europe in this South American conflict seeking to expand the scope of the conflict, increase the destruction and death wrought in this conflict, and in any way whatever cause and expand misery in the region, as an intentionally-destabilizing act, carried out with the intent of ruining national and international commerce, stamp out regional economic prosperity, and reduce the people and governments of the region to poverty and eternal misery.

It is the policy of the national Government of the United States of America that further involvement by new Powers, or increased involvement by currently-involved Powers, is an act recognized as being purely conducive only to the expansion of that misery, and that the surest way to restore proper peace, commerce, and goodwill among the involved Governments and Nations, is to allow those original American nations to agree to a process of peace, which shall be determined by those Governments and their ministers and representatives, and by no others; and that, furthermore, any undue intervention within any peace process by any European Power or American power not heretofore involved, shall be viewed as an attempt by that or those Power or Powers to exert increased influence, economic and political, in the conflicting Nations, and as a first step in that country's policy to ensure that the region remains permanently destabilized politically and economically.

The Government of the United States reasserts its endorsement of a process of peace among the conflicting nations and groups at the most early possible convenience and, if necessary, shall guarantee the outcome of any treaty or accord amicably agreed to, against foreign attack, from wherever it should come.

In witness whereof I have caused to be affixed the seal of the United States and have set my signature, on this twentieth day of March, in the year of Our Lord one-thousand eight-hundred and seventy-nine, in the City of Washington, of the District of Columbia, of the United States of America.

RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES
President of the United States

JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD
Secretary of State of the United States

Frymonmon · Oct 6, 2017

IN CONGRESS
June 18th, 1879
A joint resolution to promote the maintenance of peace, commerce, and security in Mexico.

The Congress of the United States of America hereby grants and authorizes President RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES to enact, undertake, and engage in any measure deemed fit by the President of the United States to ensure the peace, commerce, and security of the United Mexican States.

IN THE HOUSE
YAY: 184 (115 R, 54 D, 15 GL)
NAY: 51 (3 R, 16 D, 32 GL)

IN THE SENATE
YAY: 53 (35 R, 18 D)
NAY: 1 (1 D)

TJDS · Oct 7, 2017

Greece to establish National Reserve

Athens, 10 May - In a memorandum of the Greek Ministry of Finance, Ioannis Messinezis, the Minister of Finance, contrasigned by the President of the National Bank of Greece and the President of the Debt Management Committee, announced the creation of the Εθνικό Αποθεματικό της Ελλάδας or National Reserve of Greece. The National Reserve shall be jointly administered by the Ministry of Finance and the National Bank, to prevent misadministration of funds and shall be composed of all national budgetary surplusses from the start of this fiscal year.

The National Reserve is designed to take advantage of the artificially low interest rate on Greek debt, which, with the signing of the Addendum to the Nafplio Protocols is 0.25% per annum, as the interest on the capital in the National Reserve shall most likely exceed 3.00% per annum, thereby incentivizing the expansion of the National Reserve over directly paying of the Greek national debt. The Russo-Greek Committee for Debt Management has hailed the creation of the National Reserve as a great leap towards taking full control over Greece's large debt burden and it has updated the date of final installment of current debt from 1 January 1960 to 1 January 1924. Representatives from the National Bank of Greece have expressed hope that the National Reserve shall reinforce the view of Greece as a politically stable and prosperous nation, rare in both the Balkans and Southern Europe.

Kho · Oct 8, 2017

الخديوية المصرية
al-Khadawiyya al-Misriyya

The Wazir of War Addresses Majlis al-Nuwwab al-Misri, April 1879

Speaker- Mahmoud Sami Pasha al-Baroudi

"Honourable Members of the Egyptian Council of Representatives, it is my great pleasure and honour to stand before you and address you today. To address all three-hundred-and-twelve of you in the very first true Parliament in the House of Islam - and possibly in the Orient as a whole. Indeed, Egypt leads the way today for many Oriental nations, for no sooner had we adopted our Constitution and elected our Parliament than we saw the great victory of constitutionalism in the rest of the Ottoman Empire. I say in 'the rest of the Ottoman Empire', for Egypt is as much a part of the Empire as Syria or Palestine or Iraq or Hijaz, and being a part of the Empire does not take away from our independence and sovereignty, but adds to our feelings of brotherhood with our Arab and Muslim brethren, and adds also to our strength.

The triumph in Egypt of a constitutionalism rooted in our religion and traditions raises the banner of hope for many Muslim and Oriental nations, for it demonstrates above all the credibility and strength of our ways in the face of the cultural and military dominance of Europe. Some have criticised the words of His Majesty when he said, 'My country is no longer in Africa; we are now part of Europe. It is therefore natural for us to abandon our former ways and to adopt a new system adapted to our social conditions,' but I see nothing here to criticise - on the contrary, these words are praisworthy. Egypt embraces modernity and hammers out the road for all Oriental nations to do so while preserving their identity, religion, and traditions. To become part of Europe is not, as simple-minded people profess, to abandon the tarboush and the galabiyya, or - God forbid! - to abandon the Qur'an and Sunnah. It is to rise to the challenge that Europe has posed to all the nations of the earth, the challenge that says: be mighty or do not be at all. One by one the weak nations of the earth find themselves overpowered by European arms - the great Emperor of Hind is no more, the Khanates of Central Asia are a memory, the Muslims of Bosnia found themselves helpless before their Serbian brethren and were only saved by the intervention of the Catholic Austrians. The Somali tribes were conquered first by the Ethiopes, and now have found their liberty with the support of the French.

And so here is the challenge, honoured Parliamentarians, and if we refuse to toil and work and make of ourselves a true nation in the eyes of Europe, then we simply will not be. From the Mediterrenean to the heart of Africa, a stone-throw from where our Nile does spring, and from Darfur and the Libyan desert to the Red Sea, Egypt is poised to launch itself most confidently into what is being called al-'Asr al-Jadid, the New Age. Representatives of the Egyptian masses, the journals and newspapers of Egypt have grown many and the views they espouse are as diverse as the three-thousand or more fingertips in this Chamber. But sharp though these words be, they cannot defend Egypt if Egypt should ever need defence, and they most certainly cannot defend our Ethiopian allies or the Ottoman Empire if either should ever need us to leap to their help. The bunduqiya [lit. "rifle"] alone knows how to defend against enemy arms.
And so it is a sad state of affairs that Egypt has never produced its own, indigenous service rifle. Our arms manufactories have produced French rifles of the greatest quality, our engineers and industrialists have put their minds to the building of bridges and canals and ships, but the government has never set its mind to producing a truly Egyptian rifle. History will not only remember 1879 as the year of the first Egyptian and Oriental Constitution, it will also remember it as the year of the first domestically produced Egyptian and Oriental service rifle - al-Bunduqiya Nimra.1879.

It is this Wizara's intention that the great minds and innovators of Egypt, assisted by both government money and various Egyptian entrepreneurs, after carefully studying some of the rifles produced worldwide in the past decade, should produce this service rifle and have it immediately replace the outdated Chassepot rifles currently in use. It is only natural and right that Egyptian soldiers should be armed with the Egyptian Bunduqiya Ni.79, that Egypt should display its advancement and the correctness of its path before all the Oriental nations of the earth that they may follow in its enlightened steps.

This modernisation of Egypt's military arms shall not be limited to rifles alone, but also to our long-neglected navy. It is not my place to speak of matters that are under the jurisdiction of the Wizara of the Marine, but suffice it to say that all out-dated ships shall either be modernised or scrapped over the coming year and Alexandria harbour shall be expanded and provided with the proper equipment required for its function as Egypt's chief military and civilian port.

While I am by no means a member of any of the Parties that have come about over the last few months, I am certain that the Honourable Member for Zagazig, the Leader of the Opposition, would agree that this is an important step for Egypt. Our brave sons have marched repeatedly into the black heart of death and returned either victorious or martyred; it is only right that we ensure they have not only the very best training regime (which, I must add, has been repeatedly praised by various authorities as amongst the most rigorous and demanding training regimes worldwide), but also the very best equipment.

Honoured Parliamentarians, my request is one that no patriot or seeker after Egyptian glory could refuse: give our sons the rifle and military port that they deserve."

Frymonmon · Oct 9, 2017

Game closed. Thanks for playing.

MastahCheef117 · Oct 9, 2017

Thanks for the opportunity to play. Losing the Civil War was a shame but I think I did well for myself otherwise, all things considered. I'll probably have a summary post of post-game America up sometime soonish.

99KingHigh · Oct 9, 2017

Arrowfiend · Oct 9, 2017

Sad to see the game suddenly go. Was really enjoyable playing my first game with you as GM. Romania was a flop but Gran Colombia was extremely fun.

Korona · Oct 9, 2017

I enjoyed every minute of playing as Austria-Hungary, and about every other minute of playing as Japan. Thanks for a fun one.

Kho · Oct 9, 2017

Egypt: Mother of the World

1863-79

((Thank you marc.))

Arrowfiend · Oct 9, 2017

State of Veragua (Capital: Santiago)
State of Panamá (Capital: Ciudad de Panamá)
Unorganized Darien Territory
State of Chocó (Capital: Quibdó)
State of Antioquia (Capital: Medellín)
State of Cartagena (Capital: Cartagena)
State of Magdalena (Capital: Barranquilla)
State of Riohacha (Capital: Riohacha)
State of Norte de Santander (Capital: Cúcuta)
State of Sur de Santander (Capital: Bucaramanga)
State of Boyacá (Capital: Tunja)
State of Casanare (Capital: Arauca)
State of Cundinamarca (Capital: Villavicencio)
Capital District of Bogotá
State of Mariquita (Capital: Ibagué)
State of Cauca (Capital: Popayán)
State of Huila (Capital: Neiva)
State of Nariño (Capital: Pasto)
State of Buenaventura (Capital: Buenaventura)
State of Imbabura (Capital: Ibarra)
State of Ecuador (Capital: Quito)
State of Manabí (Capital: Portoviejo
State of Guayaquil (Capital: Guayaquil)
State of Chimborazo (Capital: Riobamba)
State of Azuay (Capital: Cuenca)
State of Loja (Capital: Loja)
Amazon Territory
Galápagos Territory

Frymonmon · Oct 21, 2017

Major Events of the World: 1879-1929

Europe

European affairs were dominated by the French Empire under Napoleon IV from 1881 with the signing of the Franco-Italian accords until 1911 with its defeat in the Great War. The Empire had severe internal unrest after 1879, with socialists and republicans capturing a majority of the seats in the lower house of the legislature, something that prompted Napoleon IV to dissolve the legislature and seek an alliance abroad. The Italians, with whom they had sparred with over the status of Tunisia, were receptive to such an alliance. Despite heavy internal unrest, the French launched a failed invasion of Peru, designed to restore the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, before they were turned back by a coalition of Colombians, Peruvians, and Bolivians. This conflict, in 1880, was the first in which British and French ships first openly engaged in hostilities against one another, the British blockading Peru from any further French advancements.

The British had responded by imposing tariffs and retaliatory measures against the Empire. Napoleon IV simply responded with deepening economic ties with Italy, and entering into a customs union with Belgium. The British maneuvered themselves in a way to block French expansion south of the Sahara, and working to severely curtail Italian interests in Africa.

When no elections were held for yet another cycle in France, the domestic situation became so dire that the Emperor announced that transgressions against French citizens in the Saar region had been caused by the Germans, and accused them of inciting the republican violence that was spreading across the countryside and in the cities. France declared war on Germany in August of 1885, where they were able to easily conquer the territory west of the Rhineland, as well as Germany’s industrial regions east of the river. In exchange for severe reparations, the eastern bank of the river was returned.

This move alarmed London, which brought both Germany and Austria-Hungary together to meet in secret, where they negotiated the Prague Declaration, which transferred Silesia back to Germany in exchange for British support for significant Austro-Hungarian holdings in Africa and funding from London banks. The Declaration also spurned Poland to engage in talks with Germany and Austria-Hungary to form the Central European Alliance, as a means to try and counter the aggression of the Franco-Italian alliance.

France found itself at war again in 1887, when the Russian Empire issued a declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire, citing mistreatment of Christians in the Balkans. With the French coming to the aid of the Russians, the British Empire declared their neutrality in the conflict, a significant blow to the fortunes of the Ottomans. With an intricate railway system, the Ottomans were able to bring reinforcements to the front quickly, and French soldiers were able to move rapidly to respond to Russian threats in the Caucuses and the Balkans. The Franco-Ottoman forces achieved a stunning victory in the Battle of Sofia, crushing the larger Russian Army and capturing nearly one fourth of the entire Serbian Army. With a constant stream of Frenchmen streaming into the Ottoman Empire, along with the French control over the Black Sea, the Russians agreed to negotiate peace.

The resulting peace treaty dissolved all Russian connections with the Balkans, and awarded the Ottomans significant concessions in terms of monetary compensation and a return of some land in Georgia. The defeat was humiliating in Russia, and greatly shattered the view of the monarchy that many held. Tsar Alexander II was forced to adopt the Russian Constitution of 1891, which saw the creation of the State Duma of the Russian Empire, a legislative body elected directly by the people. It was the last thing he signed into law, dying peacefully in his sleep at the age of 73. He was succeeded by his son, Nicholas Alexandrovich, as Tsar Nicholas II, who vowed to continue the political reforms of his father.

He also engaged in a period of military reforms, turning the massive army into a more professional one. Industrial progress also flourished under his reign, with increases in railway trackage and heavy industrial production doubling within the first decade of his assuming power. The Anglo-Russian Alliance was formed in 1901, after settling mutual differences in Central Asia, and aimed directly at the French Empire.

There was trouble along France’s southern border as King Juan III died in 1887, leaving behind a Spain that had embraced modernisation, the principles of responsible democracy, and had largely reformed the economy and budget into having large surpluses, and funding for industrial ventures and large amounts of money for the Catholic Church for educational purposes. King Carlos VII ascended to the throne upon his death, and staging an abortive rebellion at the start of his father’s rule. One of his first acts as King was to rescind the protections granted to Spain’s colonial holdings, dissolving the power of the Cuban assembly and reimposing direct Cortes rule in the Philippines. His hard-line rule lasted without issue until 1890, when republicans broke out in demonstrations across Spain. The French-backed Republic of Catalonia declared independence in June of that year, which Napoleon IV announced its unilateral protection (little more than an annexation). Carlos had far bigger issues to contend with, as republicans broke out in open revolt, plunging Spain into a brutal civil war. Both Carlos and the republicans did not recognise the legitimacy of the French “protection” over Catalonia, but were powerless to do anything about it, three corps had been moved into the region.

The republicans won several crucial victories over the Carlists in the early 1890s, before their support finally collapsed the the republicans gained the upper hand. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta became the first undisputed President of Spain, forming a liberal government that followed many of the same principles of the former government under King Juan III. He desperately attempted to undo many of the harsh penalties the King levied on the Philippines and Cuba, freeing political prisoners in both colonies. He was able to negotiate a settlement with Portugal, in which both entered into a military alliance to guard the peninsula again further encroachment by the French.

Carlists triage their wounded in 1892

As the new century dawned, the battlelines and alliances had been drawn, and it was clear the French could count on few allies. After the collapse of the Belgian government, over matters of government funding for their African colonies, the French used the opportunity to declare an intervention into Belgium to restore order. The move was followed by the British issuing their own declaration of war against the French a week after French soldiers marched through the country.

The Russians followed, after being called by the British in October of 1903. Italy declared war on Russia and Britain, while Austria-Hungary declared war on Italy and France. Spain and Portugal next declared war on France, before Germany finally completed the main combatants by voting unanimously to declare war against the French Empire.

France moved swiftly, armies drove south to occupy Madrid and Lisbon, placing the entire peninsula under their control, despite having to deal with partisans. The Germans attempted a crossing of the Rhine during the March offensive of 1904, but were repulsed after several attempts to establish a hold on the west bank. A British blockade shut down French maritime shipping, and the Battle of the Channel resulted in the complete destruction of the French fleet, never again during the war was France able to project naval power.

The Neutral Netherlands was invaded by the French to prevent a German assault into the country, which only resulted in the Netherlands joining the side of the allies, and allowing all allied forces to traverse through their land. Russian forces under Aleksei Brusilov conducted what became known as the “Brusilov Offensive” through the Austrian alps and into the Po Valley of Italy, breaking a main line of resistance that the Italians had relied upon. The Italians were able to reform at Milan, while preventing any allies from getting south of Apennine Mountains.

And thus, a stalemate ensued from the end of the Brusilov offensive in early 1905 to 1908, where little territory changed between either side. The French used reinforcements from Spain and Portugal to expel the allies from the Netherlands, while moving into northwestern Germany. The British countered by an invasion from Gibraltar, taking control of the southern Peninsula before the French could move men into the region. Russian General Lavr Kornilov and German General Paul von Hindenburg cooperate with the Royal Navy to stage a landing in Spain, taking Murcia. With a constant stream of men landing in Iberia, the French needed to shift their priorities, withdrawing men from Italy. Northwest Italy fell to the Austro-Hungarians, opening up metropolitan France to the allies for the first time.

1909 saw the French being beaten back on all fronts. Portugal was liberated by Russian forces by August of 1909, while the majority of Spain was liberated by the end of the year. German offenses across the Rhine still failed to gain any meaningful ground, although German Field Marshal August von Mackensen was able to liberate Amsterdam in February of 1910. The war had been going on for little over six years by this point. The French resolve at home was breaking, and allied forces pushed their way across the southern regions of the Empire. The year was spent by French forces retreating on all fronts, including a finally victorious German offensive across the Rhine.

Facing riots at home, very little territory under his direct control, and a revolutionary movement being proclaimed, Emperor Napoleon IV abdicated his throne on May 4th, 1911, passing governmental control to a temporary republican council. Maurice Rouvier took over control of the French state, and declared his desire for an armistice, submitting himself to the allied powers.

The Armistice of 1911 was signed in Bourges, just behind the frontlines. Negotiations for the treaty would be held in the London suburb of Croydon, and they were announced in November of that year. France would cede control over the low countries, restoring Belgium’s independence, along with Luxembourg being dissolved and incorporated as a state in Germany. The West Bank of the Rhine was returned to Germany, and the German-speaking French provinces in its northeast were transferred to Germany. The Luxembourg provision was dropped after Russian protests. Sardinia and Corsica would be turned over to Spain, while the island of Sicily was given to the British.

Before and After the Treaty of Croydon

The war devastated the European economy, but none so more than the French. The country saw a real GDP decline of nearly 30% from before the war started, and bread riots were common. The provisional republican government was forced to deal with the economic burden of the war, making reparation payments to Germany, Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. Socialists were able to take control through the Republic's elections, and nationalised much of the country's infrastructure and industries, all in a bid to try and bring in more revenue to pay the reparations with, and to better control their own economy.

France remains unstable even the years after peace, and it is a shell of its former self. The Treaty of Croydon was designed to ensure that France would never again threaten European stability, and it seemed like it had accomplished its goal. Despite this, the growing French royalist parties were teaming up with other right and far-right wing parties to try and combat the socialist's changes.

North America

The Kingdom of Canada remained an ascendant nation clinging to North America’s northern frontiers, having its name changed to simply “Canada” in 1890 by the passage of the Canada Act in the British Parliament, which gave Canada limited authority over its foreign affairs. The country continued to decentralised, much to the chagrin of Prime Minister John Macdonald, and provinces quickly became the dominant government entities across Canada. The City of New Baltimore, formed in the aftermath of the atrocities the State of Maryland endured during the War of the Rebellion, was unincorporated in 1894 after the population dwindled to just 1,420.

Manitoba, being a French-speaking province, never obtained the same population numbers of the other western provinces, lagging far behind in economic and population growth. Federal aid to the provinces was overwhelmingly skewed towards Manitoba. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick become engines of economic growth, with industrial development and an export-oriented economy. There was nowhere in Canada more powerful than Ontario and Quebec, which alone constituted the majority of the population and economic output. As Canada entered the 1930s, there was an abundance of optimism. It had constantly outpaced her southern neighbour in economic growth over the past thirty years, and was an ascendant power on the world stage.

Having emerged from the greatest economic crisis in the nation’s history, President Rutherford B. Hayes was one of the most popular men in America. The Republicans dominated the elections in 1880, and were able to beat back much of the surge of the Greenback-Labor Party. Hayes was succeeded by James Garfield, who defeated Grover Cleveland to become President in 1884. The country entered a period of economic prosperity not seen since the War of the Rebellion, which earned President Garfield another term in 1888. There was an economic downturn in 1890, mostly due to events abroad, that had caused the decline of the economy in the country’s rural areas, giving rise once again to a third party, the Populists, which demanded more lose credit, a return to a bimetallic standard, and aid for farmers. James Weaver ran against Adlai Stevenson and U.S. Senator John Sherman. Sherman won due to vote splitting, but his administration was so controversial, he vowed to only serve one term.

The major turning point in the nation came during the 1896 election, where William Jennings Bryan won the Presidency by a landslide, becoming the first Democrat to win the White House since Joel Parker in 1872. His Presidency would prove to be so disastrous for the economy and the collapse of the nation’s military that he was swept from office in the 1900 election, with the country electing William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.

The new President and Vice-President were keen to rebuild America’s economy, rebuild America’s military, and restore American honour abroad. Vice-President Roosevelt himself pledged to do all he could to reunite the United States and the Confederate States (his mother had sympathies with the Confederate States), but his placement into the Vice Presidency done solely to try and reign in the rambunctious New Yorker.

In 1902, an assassin's bullet struck down President McKinley, allowing Roosevelt to enter office, a marked shift in the affairs of the United States towards its southern neighbour. Roosevelt was far more hostile to the Confederacy, openly funding the American side of the Underground Railroad, and haranguing the leadership for still clinging to slavery. Roosevelt even authorised a band of cavalrymen to raid Arizona, hoping to get the state to secede. Roosevelt’s aggressive nature lead him to win two electoral victories in 1904 and 1908, as the American economy boomed at home.

In the Confederacy, things were far different. The country had been dominated by the Mahone family from the early 1880s to the turn of the century. Most methods of transportation was owned by the family, and there were few businesses that they did not control. The one sector of the economy they stayed away from, slavery, was the very sector that was dragging down the country’s economic growth and full potential, as well as creating deep rifts within its society. Slave revolts had become more common, and many were either killed or sent to the Confederacy’s African colony. In the early 1890s, William Mahone himself was known to give aid and comfort to slaves, in a sort of quid pro quo that maintained his business holdings anywhere slaves revolted, but also from his own personal dislike of the institution. He convinced President Longstreet of moving towards manumission, an act which caused the impeachment and removal of the President, once famous for his actions during the War of the Rebellion, now a disgraced politician. Mahone was also tried and convicted, sentenced to jail for his actions, dying in prison.

The Confederacy continued its rapid decline into the new century, with the first major crisis gripping the nation with the Whig-dominated government of Mississippi and Arkansas announcing they would secede from the Confederate States and form a new political union, one that would deal with their own affairs, and not heed the Democratic-dominated Richmond. The army was raised to put down the rebellion, but it was soon followed by Texas and Louisiana, who issued their own declarations to secede from the Confederacy. Mired amidst the talk of secession, and Richmond’s crackdown on these four states, an emergency meeting was held in Washington between Confederate and American officials in the autumn of 1911.

The meeting became known as the Arlington Accords, signed in the former house of General Robert E. Lee, the man who had given his all for Virginia and secured the independence of the Confederate States of America through his Army of Northern Virginia. The Arlington Accords officially dissolved the Confederate States of America, and brought them into the United States of America, under the conditions that all Confederate Citizens were pardoned for any actions that those who remained might have taken during the War of the Rebellion, and that citizenship was extended to all of them, with no limits on public office in the future. The United States would also take on the Confederacy’s debt burden, as well as recognise all extant state debts.

Virginia, Tennessee, and Arizona ratified the Accords, and submitted themselves as territories of the United States as they drafted a new constitution. Virginia missed the ability to vote in the 1912 election by a month, which pitted Vice President Robert T. Lincoln against Robert La Follette. Vice President Lincoln, echoing the words of his late father (1809-1887), proclaimed that a “House Divided for so long can stand, it shall, and must be mended.” Lincoln won by an impressive margin, and quickly proceeded to move the United States Army to engage with the elements of the Confederate Army that refused to put down their arms. The Confederate States of America persisted as the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Florida had seceded and was in negotiations to rejoin the Union, while the rest declared a second war of independence against the Americans.

Two Americans storm a bunker at the Battle of Selma

The war was long, bloody, and brutal. It lasted most of Lincoln’s term, and he declined to stand for re-election. The final Confederate Army of the Gulf commanded by Mason Patrick of Virginia surrendered to General John Pershing’s 4th Army outside of Mobile, Alabama. After exactly fifty years, the United States of America was reunited once more. President Lincoln, in a speech given in Richmond, firmly declared, “With Malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds.”

Reconstruction was swift in the former Confederacy. Slaves were freed, and the large plantation estates were broken up and handed out to the former slaves. William T. Mahone, Jr., the heir to his father’s empire, emerged as the second richest man on the planet, he owned a virtual monopoly of all transportation, infrastructure, and stores across the Confederacy. His power was so immense, the United States Congress carved out a special “Mahone Law” that exempted him from all federal monopoly laws until the former Confederacy had been fully reconstructed. Mahone was naturally seen as the man to lead the Democratic Party in the 1916 election, he had pledged himself towards the Union, and to help to bind the wounds of north and south after being separated for fifty long years. He lost by a wide margin to Secretary of State Hiram Johnson, but he demonstrated that the former Confederacy would make its political voice heard in the United States.

The 1920 election was the first manifestation of Confederate strength. Virginia governor and former preacher, who followed the teachings of Reverend Thomas Jackson, was elected President of the United States, so soon after the reunification of the country. President Wilson oversaw the expansion of the U.S. Economy, an expansion of federal protection for former slaves in the South, and increased funding being given to the Freedmen’s Bureau. His religious bent caused him to advocate for the freed slaves, and was intent on carrying out his full agenda. He suffered a stroke late in his term as President, debilitating him, and forcing him to withdraw his name for nomination in the next election.

The 1924 election was won by Massachusetts governor Calvin Coolidge, whose hands off approach resulted in an economic decline, and poor race relations in the former Confederacy. Mired in scandal, he was determined to run once again, but was defeated by New York Governor Franklin Roosevelt. It was President Roosevelt who was putting into motion a full-scale Reconstruction of the South, seeking to fix the economies of the states which resisted reunification, and withdrawing the United States from international affairs, believing that the country had far more of its own issues to fix.

U.S. Presidential Election results 1860-1928

The Mexican Empire was reunited after a long and bloody civil war between 1878 and 1888, one in which took the lives of nearly two million Mexicans and over a hundred thousand British soldiers. American and Confederate volunteers and financiers brought the Mexican republicans support throughout the years, but the crucial decision in 1884 for the Mexico Office to request the transfer of reinforcements from India brought a surge of soldiers into the Empire, finally crushing the rebellion.

The fall of the Empire in 1905 marked the end of British imperialism in North America, closing a nearly forty-year chapter of complete dominance of Mexican affairs. The Imperial government was never popular, and was supported by British funds and soldiers alone, the Great War in Europe had caused the British to pull back all of their investments into Mexico, engaged in the titanic struggle on the continent. Francisco Madero became the first democratically elected President of Mexico in 1906 since Benito Juarez. The country’s sizeable English-speaking minority, just over fifteen per cent, were major supporters of the Conservative factions in the government, and were instrumental in securing themselves the dominant economic position in the country. Mexico officially became bilingual in 1915, and signed the Treaty of Alliance, Commerce, and Navigation with the United States of America.

South America

The Republic of Gran Colombia found itself the benefactor of good growth in the region, as well as the recent integration of Ecuador. The period was punctuated by the return of the Conservatives in the late 1890s, who won a Presidential election for the first time in decades. They engaged in an undeclared war against Venezuela, attempting to take control of that country's southern most provinces, claiming authority to do so from an illegal referendum held that awarded the territory to Colombia. The move destroyed any attempts to bring the two countries together in a political union, and distrust between the two remains high to this day.

The Empire of Brazil was a nation shaken from its deadly war against Paraguay in the 1880s, which it had won after expending thousands of lives. The political fight between the military leadership and the political leadership had ended in 1887, when the military finally stepped down and allowed the controversial law to take place. After the death of Emperor Pedro II in 1891, Queen Isabel assumed control of Brazil, where she oversaw the country's economic miracle. Brazil liberalised its trading regime, lowered tariffs drastically, and saw exports boom to Europe and the United States. Economic growth brought it wealth, but it couldn't match the prosperity of the southern cone. After the Queen died in 1921, her son Pedro assumed the throne as Emperor Pedro III, and successfully warded off a coup by appealing to the masses, and forcing the republicans to step down. Instead, the new Emperor followed with a period of political reforms, expanding the franchise to include women in 1922, the first country to fully grant women to vote on a universal level.

Argentina and Chile remain the bastions of stability and economic growth in South America, and indeed the new world. They experience decades of unprecedented growth in both economic and population growth, with the average Argentinian actually surpassing the wealth of the average Briton in 1904. Ten million people called Argentina home in 1916, and her economy dominated South American commerce.

Chile's story was similar to Argentina's although the war against Peru-Bolivia did dent economic growth in the early part of the 1880s. Chile was instrumental in ensuring that the confederation collapsed, and held significant political control in the newly independent Republic of Bolivia.

Asia & Africa

Despite a pro-French government coming to power in 1879, the Islamist political parties and underlying thought provoked an awakening across Egypt and the Sudan in the early portions of the 1880s. After France forced the handover of territory along the Red Sea to them, revolts broke out in cities and towns across the Khedivate. The opposition said the move was little more than a motion to sell out Egypt to the French, and to become nothing more than a mere puppet of the Napoleonic Empire.

The Khedive was able to keep control of his anxious populace with continued economic growth, until a further demand from the French to station soldiers not only in the lower Nile, but also in Cairo and the upper Nile, caused popular opinion to swing solidly against the French. In March of 1887, the Khedive was overthrown by the March Revolution, where he took refuge in France. Emperor Napoleon IV decreed that Egypt was now an Imperial Protectorate, and swiftly landed fifty thousand men in Alexandria to enforce his claim. The French thus began the longest and most costly military campaign of the Empire’s history, committing millions to subjugating the Egyptians in a brutal war that would last until 1906 with the Egyptian victory at the Siege of Alexandria. The war would see the French lose the Suez in 1904 to the British, which propped up the Egyptian nationalists since their overthrow of the Khedive. Ravaged by war, Egypt is still feeling the effects of the war launched upon it, industrial production had only reached 1885 levels in 1927, and the government was run mostly by the military, shrouded in faux elections.

The Ethiopian Empire had reached its zenith in the era right before the Scramble for Africa. With the French declaration of support for the Somali tribes, it lost its vital coastline, and its only independent link to the outside world. A series of treaties with the tribes along Lake Victoria brought them further under Ethiopian control, but British pressure caused many to declare independence and pledge loyalty to the British, in exchange for greater autonomy. The Franco-Egyptian conflict which was raging to the north caused a renewed French interest in Ethiopia, using it both as a staging ground into Sudan, and to ensure that the Egyptians were boxed in. Ethiopia became an official vassal of the French Empire in 1893, which preserved a limited form of Ethiopian governance in exchange for protection and recognition of the region’s nominal independence.

Product of New Hampshire

Frymonmon · Oct 21, 2017

Europe

Kingdom of Scandinavia
Government: Constitutional federal monarchy
Leader(s): King Gustaf V
Population: 10.941 m. 0.38% Growth ($2,284.63 GDP per Capita)
Economy: $24,996 m. 1.30% Growth | 2.81% Unemployment | Market Economy
Trade & Industry: $ 4,723.63 m. Trade | $ 2,527.04 m. Industry (1.25% of Global Industry)
Administration: Average Equipment & Training, 1903 Technology
Player: Kho

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[Forum Game] - World in Revolution: 1861 Mk. IV

Stormbringer

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MastahCheef117

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Frymonmon

President of California

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Schout-bij-Nacht

Kho

Yekhe Khagan

Frymonmon

President of California

MastahCheef117

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Supercilious Ivy League High Tory

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Shoot 'em with the pointy end

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Kho

Yekhe Khagan

Arrowfiend

Shoot 'em with the pointy end

Frymonmon

President of California

Frymonmon

President of California