The Age of the Rising Sun
The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5 saw the Japanese Empire flung into the position of a world power having only recently wrestled domination over East Asia from China. The Japanese military decisively defeated the mighty Russian Empire, annihilating its fleet and smashing its enormous army. Russia would cede Port Arthur and the southern half of Sakhalin to Japan as well as withdrawing its influence from Manchuria and accepting Japanese domination over Korea. But the most important achievement was the recognition that Japan was now capable of taking on the world’s greatest military powers and winning.
The Russian army in retreat after the Battle of Mukden
In 1910 Japan would finally annex Korea into its Colonial Empire after effectively ruling the state for decades. During the First World War Japan would again revel in achieving easy victories over a world power as the German Pacific garrisons stood no match for the Japanese military forces. All Germany’s Pacific islands would be ceded to Japan handing them near complete homogony over the Asian Pacific.
During the1920s following the lead of Europe’s Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini Japan’s government became increasingly dominated by the military. But whilst European Fascism would fall Japan’s star would continue to rise.
In 1931 Japan would solve a serious problem of resource shortages by seizing control over Manchuria following the ‘Manchurian Incident’. The client state of Manchukuo was established ruled by the former Qing Emperor Pu Yi. But Japan would maintain even greater ambitions for the chaotic Chinese state, disunited ever since the fall of Pu Yi’s former dynasty.
On June 10th 1937 the Second Sino-Japanese War began. Despite Chiang-Kai-Shek’s remarkable success in unifying all China into a United Front his armies proved totally useless. There was not one victory of note for China’s vast armies against the elite IJA. Only Mao’s Communists would achieve any form of success as he retook the city of Taiyuan and on one occasion was but 30 miles form Beijing before being forced back.
During this period the US and Germany would again come close to blows. In truth Germany wished for either of the two countries to be a powerful counter to the Soviets in Asia. However it had long been clear that China had faded into obscurity and weakness whilst Japan seemed a perfect ally, a great enemy of Communism and Russia hungry for territorial gains and the processor of a mighty army to achieve its goals. America meanwhile was firmly in support of China fearing the repercussions of a powerful Japan that may look to dominate the Pacific.
When Chengdu fell to the IJA on April 8th 1938 The Republic of China along with every other Chinese faction, with the exceptions of the state of Sinkiang and Mao’s Communists, would surrender unconditionally to the Japanese Empire. A new puppet state would be established in its place, firmly under Japan’s thumb and with no major ports to speak of it was given simple instructions: recruit enough men to conquer all Asia.
Mao would order a swift and truly colossal offensive immediately in an attempt to take Japan by surprise. All the lands once ruled by the Ma Clique as well as much of Shanxi (including Taiyuan and territories between the Yellow River and Beijing) would be taken and Communist shock troops would reach the Yangtze. However a brutal battle of attrition would soon engulf Mao’s entire front and he was unable to hold. More than a year after Chiang-Kai-Shek surrendered Mao would flee over the border into Mongolia, vowing to return and liberate his people.
The state of Sinkiang would last a remarkably long time with a remarkably small force. Indeed it would not finally fall until mid August in 1940, 2 years after Chiang and almost another year after Mao. Its defeat would see the now great hordes fighting under the banner of the Rising Sun turn their attention to the rest of Asia.